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Yang CS, Guo XS, Yue YY, Wang Y, Jin XL. Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043850. [PMID: 36835263 PMCID: PMC9959672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of free fat grafts is dependent primarily on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); however, ADSCs are susceptible to oxidative stress in the recipient area. Astaxanthin (Axt) is a natural xanthophyll carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties and numerous clinical applications. To date, the therapeutic potential of Axt in fat grafting has not been explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Axt on oxidatively stressed ADSCs. An oxidative model of ADSCs was developed to simulate the host's microenvironment. Oxidative insult decreased the protein levels of Cyclin D1, type I collagen alpha 1 (COL1A1), and type II collagen alpha 1 (COL2A1), while increasing the expression of cleaved Caspase 3 and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in ADSCs. Axt pre-treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress, increased the synthesis of an adipose extracellular matrix, alleviated inflammation, and restored the impaired adipogenic potential in the present model. Furthermore, Axt immensely activated the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and ML385, an inhibitor of Nrf2, could negate Axt's protective effects. Additionally, Axt alleviated apoptosis by inhibiting bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX)/Caspase 3 signaling and improving the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which could also be abolished by ML385. Our results suggest that Axt may exert its cytoprotective effect on ADSCs through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and could be therapeutic in fat grafting.
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Kokabi F, Ebrahimi S, Mirzavi F, Ghiasi Nooghabi N, Hashemi SF, Hashemy SI. The neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor system and diabetes: From mechanism to therapy. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36651605 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant public health issue known as the world's fastest-growing disease condition. It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and subsequent chronic complications leading to organ dysfunction and, ultimately, the failure of target organs. Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide that belongs to the family of tachykinin (TK) peptides. The SP-mediated activation of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) regulates many pathophysiological processes in the body. There is also a relation between the SP/NK1R system and diabetic processes. Importantly, deregulated expression of SP has been reported in diabetes and diabetes-associated chronic complications. SP can induce both diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic effects and thus affect the pathology of diabetes destructively or protectively. Here, we review the current knowledge of the functional relevance of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes pathogenesis and its exploitation for diabetes therapy. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes is expected to shed further light on developing new therapeutic possibilities for diabetes and its associated chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Kokabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kim D, Piao J, Park JS, Lee D, Hwang DY, Hong HS. Substance P-Mediated Vascular Protection Ameliorates Bone Loss. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9903336. [PMID: 37159579 PMCID: PMC10163975 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9903336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss via diverse pathological cellular events. The involvement of the vasculature in bone formation has been widely studied, and type H vasculature has been found to be closely related to bone healing. Ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced estrogen deficiency reduces type H vessel density and promotes reduction of bone density. Analysis of early events after OVX showed that estrogen deficiency preferentially induces oxidative stress, which might provoke endothelial dysfunction and reduce angiogenic factors systemically and locally. The instability of the vascular potential is expected to promote bone loss under estrogen deficiency. Substance P (SP) is an endogenous neuropeptide that controls inflammation and prevents cell death under pathological conditions. SP can elevate nitric oxide production in endothelial cells and inhibit endothelial dysfunction. This study is aimed at investigating the preventive effects of systemically injected SP on OVX-induced vascular loss and osteoporosis onset. SP was systemically administered to OVX rats twice a week for 4 weeks, immediately after OVX induction. OVX conditions could decrease antioxidant enzyme activity, type H vessels, and angiogenic growth factors in the bone marrow, followed by inflammation and bone loss. However, pretreatment with SP could block type H vessel loss, accompanied by the enrichment of nitric oxide and sustained angiogenic factors. SP-mediated early vascular protection inhibits bone density reduction. Altogether, this study suggests that early administration of SP can block osteoporosis development by modulating oxidative stress and protecting the bone vasculature and angiogenic paracrine potential at the initial stage of estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyuan Piao
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine (KIRM), Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine (KIRM), Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1569-1596. [PMID: 35665873 PMCID: PMC9167428 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. In this regard, different studies have shown that there is a relationship between Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System. AIM The objective of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis caused by MS, as well as its interaction with different hormones and factors that can influence the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Melatonin causes a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and can counteract and inhibit the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which would also be beneficial during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, melatonin increases antimicrobial peptides, especially Reg3β, which could be useful in controlling the microbiota. CONCLUSION Melatonin could exert a beneficial effect in people suffering from MS, running as a promising candidate for the treatment of this disease. However, more research in human is needed to help understand the possible interaction between melatonin and certain sex hormones, such as estrogens, to know the potential therapeutic efficacy in both men and women.
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Substance P Hinders Bile Acid-Induced Hepatocellular Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050920. [PMID: 35624784 PMCID: PMC9137937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is an outcome of chronic liver disease caused by steatohepatitis and cholestatic injury. This study examined substance P (SP) effect on liver injury due to cholestatic stress caused by excessive bile acid (BA) accumulation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was added to HepG2 cells to induce hepatic injury, and cellular alterations were observed within 8 h. After confirming BA-mediated cellular injury, SP was added, and its restorative effect was evaluated through cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/inflammatory cytokines/endothelial cell media expression, and adjacent liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) function. CDCA treatment provoked ROS production, followed by IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression in hepatocytes within 8 h, which accelerated 24 h post-treatment. Caspase-3 signaling was activated, reducing cell viability and promoting alanine aminotransferase release. Interestingly, hepatocyte alteration by CDCA stress could affect LSEC activity by decreasing cell viability and disturbing tube-forming ability. In contrast, SP treatment reduced ROS production and blocked IL-8/ICAM-1 in CDCA-injured hepatocytes. SP treatment ameliorated the effect of CDCA on LSECs, preserving cell viability and function. Collectively, SP could protect hepatocytes and LSECs from BA-induced cellular stress, possibly by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. These results suggest that SP can be used to treat BA-induced liver injury.
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Yang K, Pei L, Zhou S, Tao L, Zhu Y. Metformin attenuates H 2O 2-induced osteoblast apoptosis by regulating SIRT3 via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1316. [PMID: 34630670 PMCID: PMC8495548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease that has a high incidence in postmenopausal women. Studies have indicated that oxidative damage plays an important role in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Metformin has been showed to have the ability to relieve excessive oxidation. The aim of the present was to determine the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of metformin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Oxidative damage was stimulated in vitro by the addition of H2O2 to MC3T3-E1 cells and a mouse menopausal model was also constructed. Cell viability and flow cytometry experiments were performed to determine the effects of H2O2 and metformin treatment on apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was tested by JC-1 assays. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis markers and antioxidant enzymes. Small interfering RNA was used to knockdown sirtuin3 (SIRT3), which was verified at the mRNA and protein levels. Bilateral ovariectomy was used to prepare menopausal mice, which were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. The results indicated that metformin is able to repair mitochondrial damage and inhibit the apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by H2O2, and also reverse bone mass loss in ovariectomized mice. Western blotting results demonstrated the involvement of SIRT3 in the production of antioxidant enzymes that are essential in protecting against mitochondrial injury. In addition, experiments with SIRT3 knockdown indicated that metformin reverses H2O2-induced osteoblast apoptosis by upregulating the expression of SIRT3 via the PI3K/AKT pathway. The results of the present reveal the pathogenesis of oxidative damage and the therapeutic effect of metformin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. They also suggest that SIRT3 is a potential drug target in the treatment of osteoporosis, with metformin being a candidate drug for modification and/or clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Siming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Substance-P Inhibits Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071084. [PMID: 34356317 PMCID: PMC8301094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by high glucose (HG) levels in the blood circulation, leading to exposure of the vascular endothelium to HG conditions. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress via excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the endothelium, which leads to cellular dysfunction and the development of diabetic vascular diseases. Substance-P (SP) is an endogenous peptide involved in cell proliferation and migration by activating survival-related signaling pathways. In this study, we evaluated the role of SP in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in HG-induced oxidative stress. CMECs were treated with diverse concentrations of glucose, and then the optimal dose was determined. Treatment of CMECs with HG reduced their viability and induced excessive ROS secretion, inactivation of PI3/Akt signaling, and loss of vasculature-forming ability in vitro. Notably, HG treatment altered the cytokine profile of CMECs. However, SP treatment inhibited the HG-mediated aggravation of CMECs by restoring viability, free radical balance, and paracrine potential. SP-treated CMECs retained the capacity to form compact and long stretching-tube structures. Collectively, our data provide evidence that SP treatment can block endothelial dysfunction in hyperglycemia and suggest the possibility of using SP for treating diabetic complications as an antioxidant.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress on a cellular level affects the function of tissues and organs and eventually of the whole body [...].
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