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Rodrigues FC, Morais-Braga MFB, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Bezerra JJL, Fonseca VJA, de Araújo ACJ, Coutinho HDM, Ribeiro PRV, Canuto KM, Mendonça ACAM, de Oliveira AFM. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cordiera myrciifolia leaves against pathogenic bacteria and fungi: Drug potentiation ability and inhibition of virulence. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106027. [PMID: 38777073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cordiera myrciifolia is an abundant species in Northeast Brazil that presents metabolites of biological/therapeutic interest. From this perspective, the present study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of hexane (HECM) and ethanolic (EECM) extracts of C. myrciifolia leaves. The extracts were analyzed by chromatographic techniques (GC and UPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts and the extracts combined with conventional drugs was evaluated by microdilution. The in vitro effect of the treatments on Candida's morphological transition was verified through cultivation in humid chambers. In HECM, 11 constituents including fatty acids, and triterpenes, including phytosterols, alkanes, tocols, and primary alcohols were identified. Triterpenes represented >40% of the identified constituents, with Lupeol being the most representative. In EECM, 13 constituents were identified, of which eight belonged to the class of flavonoids. High antibacterial activity of HECM was detected against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of 8 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. The combined activity was more effective when combined with Norfloxacin and Imipenem. In anti-Candida activity, the IC50 of the extracts ranged from 36.6 to 129.1 μg/mL. There was potentiating effect when associated with Fluconazole. Both extracts inhibited the filamentous growth of C. tropicalis at a concentration of 512 μg/mL. C. myrciifolia extracts prove to be candidates for the development of new therapeutic formulations to treat bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicidade Caroline Rodrigues
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-420, Brazil.
| | | | - José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-420, Brazil
| | - José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Victor Juno Alencar Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luís, 1161, Crato, Ceará 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Justino de Araújo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luís no 1161, Crato, Ceará 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luís no 1161, Crato, Ceará 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos Ribeiro
- Multi-User Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory - LMQPN, Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza, Ceará 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Multi-User Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory - LMQPN, Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza, Ceará 60511-110, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Fernando Morais de Oliveira
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-420, Brazil
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da Silva LYS, Paulo CLR, Moura TF, Alves DS, Pessoa RT, Araújo IM, de Morais Oliveira-Tintino CD, Tintino SR, Nonato CDFA, da Costa JGM, Ribeiro-Filho J, Coutinho HDM, Kowalska G, Mitura P, Bar M, Kowalski R, Menezes IRAD. Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. Fruits against Multidrug-Resistant Strains: Inhibition of Efflux Pumps and β-Lactamase. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2377. [PMID: 37376002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a growing public health concern in recent decades, demanding a search for new effective treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (EOPT) against strains carrying different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity of EOPT and its ability to inhibit antibiotic resistance was evaluated through the broth microdilution method. The GC-MS analysis identified 99.59% of the constituents, with β-pinene (31.51%), α-pinene (28.38%), and β-cis-ocimene (20.22%) being identified as major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOPT was determined to assess its antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (IS-58, 1199B, K2068, and K4100). The compound showed a MIC of ≥ 1024 μg/mL, suggesting a lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity. However, when the EOPT was associated with antibiotics and EtBr, a significant decrease in antibiotic resistance was observed, indicating the modulation of efflux pump activity. This evidence was corroborated with the observation of increased fluorescent light emission by the bacterial strains, indicating the involvement of the NorA and MepA efflux pumps. Additionally, the significant potentiation of ampicillin activity against the S. aureus strain K4414 suggests the β-lactamase inhibitory activity of EOPT. These results suggest that the essential oil from P. tuberculatum fruits has antibiotic-enhancing properties, with a mechanism involving the inhibition of efflux pumps and β-lactamase in MDR S. aureus strains. These findings provide new perspectives on the potential use of EOPT against antibiotic resistance and highlight the importance of Piper species as sources of bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic activities against MDR bacteria. Nevertheless, further preclinical (in vivo) studies remain necessary to confirm these in vitro-observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Yure Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Cicera Laura Roque Paulo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Talysson Felismino Moura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sampaio Alves
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata Torres Pessoa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Isaac Moura Araújo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato
- Laboratory Natural Products Research, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Laboratory Natural Products Research, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Fiocruz Ceará, R. São José, S/N-Precabura, Eusébio 21040-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Grażyna Kowalska
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mitura
- Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Bar
- Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
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Synergistic Role of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils against Multidrug Resistance and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070855. [PMID: 35884109 PMCID: PMC9312036 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, being the significant and natural source of medication for humankind against several ailments with characteristic substances hidden on them, have been recognized for many centuries. Accessibility of various methodologies for the revelation of therapeutically characteristic items has opened new avenues to redefine plants as the best reservoirs of new structural types. The role of plant metabolites to hinder the development and movement of pathogenic microbes is cherished. Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is an amazing tolerance mechanism that hinders the antibacterial treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria and is a serious problem for the current antimicrobial compounds. The exploration of the invention from sources of plant metabolites gives sustenance against the concern of the development of resistant pathogens. Essential oils are volatile, natural, complex compounds described by a solid odor and are framed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. The bioactive properties of essential oils are commonly controlled by the characteristic compounds present in them. They have been commonly utilized for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitic, insecticidal, medicinal, and antioxidant applications. Alkaloids are plant secondary metabolites that have appeared to have strong pharmacological properties. The impact of alkaloids from Callistemon citrinus and Vernonia adoensis leaves on bacterial development and efflux pump activity was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plant-derived chemicals may have direct antibacterial activity and/or indirect antibacterial activity as antibiotic resistance modifying agents, increasing the efficiency of antibiotics when used in combination. The thorough screening of plant-derived bioactive chemicals as resistance-modifying agents, including those that can act synergistically with antibiotics, is a viable method to overcome bacterial resistance. The synergistic assessment studies with the plant extract/essential oil and the antibiotic compounds is essential with a target for achieving a redesigned model with sustainable effects which are appreciably noticeable in specific sites of the plants compared to the entirety of their individual parts.
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Patra B, Meena R, Rosalin R, Singh M, Paulraj R, Ekka RK, Pradhan SN. Untargeted Metabolomics in Piper betle Leaf Extracts to Discriminate the Cultivars of Coastal Odisha, India. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4362-4376. [PMID: 35237923 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Betel leaf is consumed as a mouth freshener due to its characteristic flavor, aromaticity, and medicinal values. Abundance of phytochemicals in betel leaf contributes towards unique qualitative features. Screening of metabolites is quintessential for identifying flavoring betel leaves and their origin. Metabolomics presently lays emphasis on the cumulative application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic approaches. Here we adopted different protocols based on the above-mentioned analytical metabolomics platform for untargeted plant metabolite profiling followed by multivariate analysis methods and a phytochemical characterization of Piper betel leaf cultivars endemic to coastal Odisha, India. Based on variation in the solvent composition, concentration of solvent, extraction temperature, and incubation periods, five extraction methods were followed in GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy of betel leaf extracts. Phytochemical similarities and differences among the species were characterized through multivariate analysis approaches. Principal component analysis, based on the relative abundance of phytochemicals, indicated that the betel cultivars could be grouped into three groups. Our results of FTIR-, GC-MS-, and NMR-based profiling combined with multivariate analyses suggest that untargeted metabolomics can play a crucial role in documenting metabolic signatures of endemic betel leaf varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Patra
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.,School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rosina Rosalin
- Department of Botany, Baruneswar Mohavidyalaya, Jajpur, Odisha, India
| | - Mani Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Lakshmi Bai College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - R Paulraj
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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de Freitas MA, da Cruz RP, dos Santos ATL, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Machado AJT, dos Santos JFS, Rocha JE, Boligon AA, Bezerra CF, de Freitas TS, do Nascimento Silva MK, Mendonça ACAM, da Costa JGM, Coutinho HDM, da Cunha FAB, Filho JR, Morais-Braga MFB. HPLC-DAD analysis and antimicrobial activities of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae). 3 Biotech 2022; 12:61. [PMID: 35186658 PMCID: PMC8818589 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondias mombin is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, indicating that extracts obtained from this species may present pharmacological activities against pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this work was to investigate the chemical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from the leaves (aqueous) and bark (hydroethanolic) of S. mombin both as single treatments and in combination with conventional drugs. Following a qualitative chemical prospection, the extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution. The combined activity of drugs and extracts was verified by adding a subinhibitory concentration of the extract in the presence of variable drug concentrations. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by a subculture of the microdilution test, while the effect of the in vitro treatments on morphological transition was analyzed by subculture in moist chambers. While the qualitative analysis detected the presence of phenols and flavonoids, the HPLC analysis identified quercetin, caffeic acid, and catechin as major components in the leaf extract, whereas kaempferol and quercetin were found as major compounds in the bark extract. The extracts showed effective antibacterial activities only against the Gram-negative strains. With regard to the combined activity, the leaf extract potentiated the action of gentamicin and imipenem (against Staphylococcus aureus), while the bark extract potentiated the effect of norfloxacin (against S. aureus), imipenem (against Escherichia coli), and norfloxacin (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A more significant antifungal (fungistatic) effect was achieved with the bark extract (even though at high concentrations), which further enhanced the activity of fluconazole. The extracts also inhibited the emission of filaments by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Together, these findings suggest that that the extract constituents may act by favoring the permeability of microbial cells to conventional drugs, as well as by affecting virulence mechanisms in Candida strains.
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Chemical Composition and Preliminary Toxicity Evaluation of the Essential Oil from Peperomia circinnata Link var. circinnata. ( Piperaceae) in Artemia salina Leach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237359. [PMID: 34885940 PMCID: PMC8659193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peperomia Ruiz and Pav, the second largest genus of the Piperaceae, has over the years shown potential biological activities. In this sense, the present work aimed to carry out a seasonal and circadian study on the chemical composition of Peperomia circinata essential oils and aromas, as well as to evaluate the preliminary toxicity in Artemia salina Leach and carry out an in silico study on the interaction mechanism. The chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography (GC/MS and GC-FID). In the seasonal study the essential oil yields had a variation of 1.2–7.9%, and in the circadian study the variation was 1.5–5.6%. The major compounds in the seasonal study were β-phellandrene and elemicin, in the circadian they were β-phellandrene and myrcene, and the aroma was characterized by the presence of β-phellandrene. The multivariate analysis showed that the period and time of collection influenced the essential oil and aroma chemical composition. The highest toxicity value was observed for the essential oil obtained from the dry material, collected in July with a value of 14.45 ± 0.25 μg·mL−1, the in silico study showed that the major compounds may be related to potential biological activity demonstrated by the present study.
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Maduro CEP, de Camargo RG, Hendges APPK, Ferriani AP, da Silva AR, Duarte MCT, do Amaral W, Sales Maia BHLN. Essential Oils from Piper caldense C. DC. and Piper xylosteoides (Kunth) Steud.: Seasonal Variation of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100495. [PMID: 34669236 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) chemical composition can be affected by several environmental factors, impacting their desired biological activities. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Piper caldense and Piper xylosteoides leaves EOs. Their chemical composition was determined by GC/MS and GC-FID analyses, resulting in the identification of eighty compounds. P. caldense EOs were mainly consisted of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas in P. xylosteoides EOs, monoterpene hydrocarbons were predominant. EOs from both species strongly inhibited B. subtilis (MIC=0.25 mg mL-1 ), while only P. caldense EOs showed strong activity against S. aureus (MIC=0.50 mg mL-1 ). P. caldense spring EO showed the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial action amongst all samples. For each species, PCA seasonally differentiated EOs chemical composition. In addition, as expected, PCA of all samples showed a distinction between the two species. This study has successfully demonstrated the importance of evaluating the seasonal variation of EOs chemical composition and antimicrobial activity in obtaining a product with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo P Maduro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - Rebeca G de Camargo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - Ana Paula P K Hendges
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - Aurea P Ferriani
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - Allan R da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - Marta Cristina T Duarte
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP, Brazil, 13148-218
| | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - Beatriz Helena L N Sales Maia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 81531-980
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Phytochemical profile and anti-Candida and cytotoxic potential of Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Vega Gomez MC, Rolón M, Coronel C, Pereira Carneiro JN, Lucas dos Santos AT, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Almeida de Menezes S, Everson da Silva L, Melo Coutinho HD, do Amaral W, Ribeiro-Filho J, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF. Antiparasitic effect of essential oils obtained from two species of Piper L. native to the Atlantic forest. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leal ALAB, Bezerra CF, Confortin C, da Silva LE, Marinho EM, Marinho MM, Vasconcelos MA, da Silva TG, Marinho ES, Teixeira AMR, Coutinho HDM, Barreto HM, Dos Santos HS. Chemical composition and potentiating action of Norfloxacin mediated by the essential oil of Piper caldense C.D.C. against Staphylococcus aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4727-4736. [PMID: 34052872 PMCID: PMC8164493 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms has increased in the last years. Piper species have been reported as a natural source of phytochemicals that can help in combating fungal and bacterial infections. This study had as objectives characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil from Piper caldense (EOPC), evaluate its potential antimicrobial activity, and investigate the synergistic effect with Norfloxacin against multidrug-resistant S. aureus overproducing efflux pumps, as well as, verify the EOPC ability to inhibit the Candida albicans filamentation. EOPC was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography, allowing the identification of 24 compounds (91.9%) classified as hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (49.6%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (39.5%). Antimicrobial tests were performed using a 96-well plate microdilution method against C. albicans ATCC 10231, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 standard strains, as well as against multidrug-resistant strains S. aureus SA1199B (overexpressing norA gene), S. aureus K2068 (overexpressing mepA gene) and S. aureus K4100 (overexpressing qacC gene). The oil showed activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 (≥ 512 µg/mL) and was able to inhibit hyphae formation, an important mechanism of virulence of C. albicans. On the other hand, EOPC was inactive against all bacterial strains tested (≤ 1,024 µg mL). However, when combined with Norfloxacin at subinhibitory concentration EOPC reduced the Norfloxacin and Ethidium bromide MIC values against S. aureus strains SA1199B, K2068 and K4100. These results indicate that EOPC is a source of phytochemicals acting as NorA, MepA and QacC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitolog, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Camila Fonseca Bezerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila Confortin
- Postgraduate Programme in Sustainable Territorial, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Everson da Silva
- Postgraduate Programme in Sustainable Territorial, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu, State University of Ceará, Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Terezinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Drug Planning and Synthesis Laboratory-LPSF, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus FAFIDAM, Limoeiro do Norte, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Vale do Acarau State University, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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