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Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study of split-body comparison of topical hydroquinone and hexylresorcinol for skin pigment appearance. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:1207-1214. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Spadari F, Pulicari F, Pellegrini M, Scribante A, Garagiola U. Multidisciplinary approach to Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: from diagnosis to surgical treatment of jawbones. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 44:25. [PMID: 35843976 PMCID: PMC9288940 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-022-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gorlin syndrome, also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) or basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome. It is characterized by the presence of numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), along with skeletal, ophthalmic, and neurological abnormalities. It is essential to anticipate the diagnosis by identifying the pathology through the available diagnostic tests, clinical signs, and radiological manifestations, setting up an adequate treatment plan. MAIN BODY In the first part, we searched recent databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library by analyzing the etiopathogenesis of the disease, identifying the genetic alterations underlying them. Subsequently, we defined what are, to date, the major and minor clinical diagnostic criteria, the possible genetic tests to be performed, and the pathologies with which to perform differential diagnosis. The radiological investigations were reviewed based on the most recent literature, and in the second part, we performed a review regarding the existing jawbone protocols, treating simple enucleation, enucleation with bone curettage in association or not with topical use of cytotoxic chemicals, and "en bloc" resection followed by possible bone reconstruction, marsupialization, decompression, and cryotherapy. CONCLUSION To promote the most efficient and accurate management of GGS, this article summarizes the clinical features of the disease, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and surgical protocols. To arrive at an early diagnosis of the syndrome, it would be advisable to perform radiographic and clinical examinations from the young age of the patient. The management of the patient with GGS requires a multidisciplinary approach ensuring an adequate quality of life and effective treatment of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spadari
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, School of Orthodontics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pulicari
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, School of Orthodontics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, School of Orthodontics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Xia W, Chakka VP, Chen K, Wang F, Xie YY, Hider RC, Zhou T. A Novel Stilbene Analogue: Antioxidant Activity and Application in Controlling the Quality and Bacterial Growth of Shrimp Refrigerated at 4ºC. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.2024636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Vara Prasad Chakka
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xie
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P R China
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Haddad NA, Watts E, Lively JA. Evaluation of Post-Harvest Procedures for Quality Enhancement in the Louisiana Commercial Shrimp Industry. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.2011811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Haddad
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Evelyn Watts
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julie A. Lively
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Lee IS, Kim DW, Oh JH, Lee SK, Choi JY, Kim SG, Kim TW. Effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol on Craniofacial Growth in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8935. [PMID: 34445640 PMCID: PMC8396282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been used as a food additive, however, it has been recently demonstrated as a Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Unlike other HDACi, 4HR can be taken through foods. Unfortunately, some HDACi have an influence on craniofacial growth, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4HR on craniofacial growth. Saos-2 cells (osteoblast-like cells) were used for the evaluation of HDACi and its associated activities after 4HR administration. For the evaluation of craniofacial growth, 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR was administered weekly to 4 week old rats (male: 10, female: 10) for 12 weeks. Ten rats were used for untreated control (males: 5, females: 5). Body weight was recorded every week. Serum and head samples were collected at 12 weeks after initial administration. Craniofacial growth was evaluated by micro-computerized tomography. Serum was used for ELISA (testosterone and estrogen) and immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). The administration of 4HR (1-100 μM) showed significant HDACi activity (p < 0.05). Body weight was significantly different in male rats (p < 0.05), and mandibular size was significantly smaller in 4HR-treated male rats with reduced testosterone levels. However, the mandibular size was significantly higher in 4HR treated female rats with increased growth hormone levels. In conclusion, 4HR had HDACi activity in Saos-2 cells. The administration of 4HR on growing rats showed different responses in body weight and mandibular size between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Song Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 3080, Korea;
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Institution of Hydrogen Magnetic Reaction Gene Regulation, Daejeon 34140, Korea;
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 3080, Korea;
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Kang YJ, Kim SG. The effect of 4-hexylresocinol administration on SCC-9 cells: mass spectrometric identification of proteins and cDNA microarray analysis. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 43:28. [PMID: 34333710 PMCID: PMC8325742 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-021-00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In stress situations, bacteria produce dormancy-inducing factors to stop cell growth. The dormancy-inducing factors may have an inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth. Here we analyzed the differentially expressed protein profiles after 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR), one of the dormancy-inducing factors, administration using in vitro oral squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-9). METHOD The control group was SCC-9 cells culture without 4HR administration. The experimental group received 10 μg/mL of 4HR. Collected proteins from each group were loaded for 2D electrophoresis. Among the separated proteins, 20 differentially expressed proteins were selected and processed for LC-MS/MS. RESULTS In proteomic analysis, the expression of keratin 1, keratin 10, and histone H2B were increased. In cDNA microarray assay, the genes related to the cellular differentiation (involucrin, keratin 13, 14) were highly expressed in the 4HR treated group (fold ratio > 2.0; Table 2). Interestingly, histone family was upregulated in the cDNA microarray assay. CONCLUSION The administration of 4HR on SCC-9 cells increased epithelial cell differentiation markers and histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Jin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jibyun-dong, Gangneung, Gangwondo, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jibyun-dong, Gangneung, Gangwondo, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Inhibitory Effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol on Root Resorption Induced by Orthodontic Tooth Movement. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is caused by an imbalance between the bone turnover rate and applied mechanical stress. The administration of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) increases the bone turnover rate and factors associated with bone formation. Thus, 4HR may show protective activity against root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). A total of 40 rats (male: 20; female: 20) were included in this study, and the mandibular first molar was subjected to excessive orthodontic force. The experimental group (n = 20) received 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR every 2 weeks. The controls (n = 20) received a solvent without 4HR. Both groups had the same sex distribution. On Day 28 after the initiation of OTM, all the animals were sacrificed for micro-computed tomography analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The ratios of the root length and root volume to the total volume were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of OPG, RANKL, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2 in the experimental group according to Western blotting were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). Their expression was mainly found in the periodontal ligament area. In conclusion, the administration of 4HR decreased the root resorption caused by OTM and increased the expression levels of OPG, RANKL, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2.
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Kim DW, Jo YY, Garagiola U, Choi JY, Kang YJ, Oh JH, Kim SG. Increased Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors by 4-hexylresorcinol is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Accelerates Capillary Regeneration in the Burns in Diabetic Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3473. [PMID: 32423083 PMCID: PMC7279008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hexyl resorcinol (4HR) is an organic compound and has been used in skin care application. 4HR is an M2-type macrophage activator and elevates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-independent pathway. As endothelial cells are important in wound healing, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 4HR, and changes in VEGF-A, -C, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression were investigated. The administration of 4HR increased the expression level of VEGF-A, -C, and TGF-β1. The application of TGF-β1 protein also increased the expression level of VEGF-A and -C. Knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting to TGF-β1 and the selective chemical inhibition (A83-01) to ALK5 confirmed the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the 4-HR-mediated VEGFs expression. 4HR application in a burn model of diabetic rats demonstrated an increased level of angiogenic proteins with wound healing. Compared to sericin application, the 4HR application group showed more prominent capillary regeneration. Collectively, 4HR activated TGF-β1/ALK5/VEGFs signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Yei-Jin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (J.-H.O.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (J.-H.O.)
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (J.-H.O.)
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Abstract
4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), as a derivative of phenolic lipids, has biological and pharmacological properties that are beneficial when used with a biomaterial. It has antimicrobial and antiseptic activity and can thus prevent contamination and infection of biomaterials. 4-HR suppresses the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway related to osteoclast differentiation. The suppression of NF-κB increases the bone formation marker and contributes to new bone formation. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and suppressed by 4-HR. Suppression of TNF-α decreases osteoclast activity and promotes wound healing. 4-HR increases the vascular endothelial growth factor and has an anti-thrombotic effect. When incorporated into silk vascular patches, it promotes endothelium wound healing. Recently, 4-HR has exhibited biological properties and has been successfully incorporated into various biomaterials. Consequently, it is a useful pharmacological chemical that can be used with biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering.
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