1
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Fratto E, Wang J, Yang Z, Sun H, Gu Z. Site-selective core/shell deposition of tin on multi-segment nanowires for magnetic assembly and soldered interconnection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:355604. [PMID: 38834041 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad53d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology continues to grow with the ongoing discovery and characterization of novel nanomaterials with unconventional size-dependent properties; however, the ability to apply modern manufacturing strategies for practical device design of these nanoscale structures is significantly limited by their small size. Although interconnection has been previously demonstrated between nanoscale components, such approaches often require the use of expensive oxidation-resistant noble metal materials and time-consuming or untargeted strategies for welded interconnection such as laser ablation or plasmonic resonance across randomly oriented component networks. In this work, a three-segment gold-nickel-gold nanowire structure is synthesized using templated electrodeposition and modified via monolayer-directed aqueous chemical reduction of tin solder selectively on the gold segments. This core/shell nanowire structure is capable of directed magnetic assembly tip-to-tip and along substrate pads in network orientation. Upon infrared heating in a flux vapor atmosphere, the solder payload melts and establishes robust and highly conductive wire-wire joints. The targeted solder deposition strategy has been applied to various other multi-segment gold/nickel nanowire configurations and other metallic systems to demonstrate the capability of the approach. This core/shell technique of pre-loading magnetically active nanowires with solder material simplifies the associated challenges of size-dependent component orientation in the manufacture of nanoscale electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Fratto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Jirui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Zhengyang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
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2
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Tiryaki E, Zorlu T, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Magnetic-Plasmonic Nanocomposites as Versatile Substrates for Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303987. [PMID: 38294096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, a highly sensitive technique for detecting trace-level analytes, relies on plasmonic substrates. The choice of substrate, its morphology, and the excitation wavelength are crucial in SERS applications. To address advanced SERS requirements, the design and use of efficient nanocomposite substrates have become increasingly important. Notably, magnetic-plasmonic (MP) nanocomposites, which combine magnetic and plasmonic properties within a single particle system, stand out as promising nanoarchitectures with versatile applications in nanomedicine and SERS spectroscopy. In this review, we present an overview of MP nanocomposite fabrication methods, explore surface functionalization strategies, and evaluate their use in SERS. Our focus is on how different nanocomposite designs, magnetic and plasmonic properties, and surface modifications can significantly influence their SERS-related characteristics, thereby affecting their performance in specific applications such as separation, environmental monitoring, and biological applications. Reviewing recent studies highlights the multifaceted nature of these materials, which have great potential to transform SERS applications across a range of fields, from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the prospects of MP nanocomposites, anticipating favorable developments that will make substantial contributions to various scientific and technological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Tiryaki
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Geneva, 16163, Geneve, Italy
| | - Tolga Zorlu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Catalysis, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Fu M, Hartmann R, Braun J, Andreev S, Pietsch T, Scheer E. Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:360-366. [PMID: 38590428 PMCID: PMC10999983 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel method combining anodic aluminum oxide template synthesis and nanolithography to selectively deposit vertically patterned magnetic nanowires on a Si substrate. With this approach we fabricated three-dimensional nanowire-based spin valve devices without the need of complex etching processes or additional spacer coating. Through this method, we successfully obtained NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays with a controlled sequence along the long axis of the nanowires. Both magnetic switching and excitation phenomena driven by spin-polarized currents were clearly demonstrated in our NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires. Moreover, the critical currents for switching and excitation were observed to be modulated in an oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Fu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roman Hartmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julian Braun
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sergej Andreev
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elke Scheer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Yoon J, Moon JH, Chung J, Kim YJ, Kim K, Kang HS, Jeon YS, Oh E, Lee SH, Han K, Lee D, Lee CH, Kim YK, Lee D. Exploring the Magnetic Properties of Individual Barcode Nanowires using Wide-Field Diamond Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304129. [PMID: 37264689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A barcode magnetic nanowire typically comprises a multilayer magnetic structure in a single body with more than one segment type. Interestingly, due to selective functionalization and novel interactions between the layers, it has attracted significant attention, particularly in bioengineering. However, analyzing the magnetic properties at the individual nanowire level remains challenging. Herein, the characterization of a single magnetic nanowire is investigated at room temperature under ambient conditions based on magnetic images obtained via wide-field quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Consequently, critical magnetic properties of a single nanowire can be extracted, such as saturation magnetization and coercivity, by comparing the experimental result with that of micromagnetic simulation. This study opens up the possibility for a versatile in situ characterization method suited to individual magnetic nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungbae Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jugyeong Chung
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seong Kang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sang Jeon
- Center for Hydrogen∙Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Piraux L, Marchal N, Van Velthem P, da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes T, Ferain E, Issi JP, Antohe VA. Polycrystalline bismuth nanowire networks for flexible longitudinal and transverse thermoelectrics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13708-13717. [PMID: 37564030 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the preparation and the characterization of structural, electrical and thermoelectric properties of nanocomposite films formed from three-dimensional networks of polycrystalline bismuth (Bi) nanowires (NWs). The samples were fabricated by electrodeposition within polycarbonate (PC) templates with crossed cylindrical nanopores, yielding self-supported networks of Bi crossed nanowires (CNWs) with mean diameter values ranging from 23 nm to 230 nm. Temperature changes in electrical resistance and thermopower were studied by considering electric and thermal currents flowing in the plane of the films. While the values of the Seebeck coefficient are close to those of polycrystalline Bi for diameters greater than 100 nm, a progressive decrease in thermopower appears at smaller diameters, due to an increasing contribution of surface charge carriers as the diameter decreases. Transverse thermoelectricity based on the Nernst effect was also demonstrated on a network of Bi CNWs 230 nm in diameter. Such hierarchical architectures based on Bi CNWs are extremely robust, offering a reliable solution for the next generation of flexible thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Piraux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Marchal
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Van Velthem
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | - Etienne Ferain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- it4ip s.a., Avenue Jean-Etienne Lenoir 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Issi
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Vlad-Andrei Antohe
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- R&D Center for Materials and Electronic & Optoelectronic Devices (MDEO), Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania.
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6
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Belim SV, Bychkov IV. Magnetic Properties of 2D Nanowire Arrays: Computer Simulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093425. [PMID: 37176309 PMCID: PMC10179856 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper considers a nanowires 2D array located in the nodes of a square lattice. Computer simulations use the Heisenberg model and Metropolis algorithm. The array consists of small nanowires that are monodomain. The exchange interaction orders the spins within a single nanowire. Dipole-dipole forces act between neighboring nanowires. The shape of an individual nanowire affects its magnetic anisotropy. Computer simulations examine the phase transition temperature and magnetization behavior of the system. The type of magnetic moments ordering in the array of nanowires depends on the orientation of their long axis. We consider two types of systems. The nanowires' long axes are oriented perpendicular to the plane of their location in the first case. A dipole-dipole interaction results in first-type superantiferromagnetic ordering of the nanowires' magnetic moments for such orientation. The nanowires' long axes are oriented in the plane of the system in the second case. Dipole-dipole interaction results in second-type superantiferromagnetic ordering in such systems. The dependence of the phase transition temperature on the dipole-dipole interaction intensity is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Belim
- Department of Physics, Omsk State Technical University, 644050 Omsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Bychkov
- Department of Radiophysics and Electronics, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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7
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García J, Gutiérrez R, González AS, Jiménez-Ramirez AI, Álvarez Y, Vega V, Reith H, Leistner K, Luna C, Nielsch K, Prida VM. Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH) 2) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087036. [PMID: 37108198 PMCID: PMC10138631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuning and controlling the magnetic properties of nanomaterials is crucial to implement new and reliable technologies based on magnetic hyperthermia, spintronics, or sensors, among others. Despite variations in the alloy composition as well as the realization of several post material fabrication treatments, magnetic heterostructures as ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupled layers have been widely used to modify or generate unidirectional magnetic anisotropies. In this work, a pure electrochemical approach has been used to fabricate core (FM)/shell (AFM) Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)2) nanowire arrays, avoiding thermal oxidation procedures incompatible with integrative semiconductor technologies. Besides the morphology and compositional characterization of these core/shell nanowires, their peculiar magnetic properties have been studied by temperature dependent (isothermal) hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic curves and FORC analysis, revealing the existence of two different effects derived from Ni nanowires' surface oxidation over the magnetic performance of the array. First of all, a magnetic hardening of the nanowires along the parallel direction of the applied magnetic field with respect their long axis (easy magnetization axis) has been found. The increase in coercivity, as an effect of surface oxidation, has been observed to be around 17% (43%) at 300 K (50 K). On the other hand, an increasing exchange bias effect on decreasing temperature has been encountered when field cooling (3T) the oxidized Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)2) nanowires below 100 K along their parallel lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana S González
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I Jiménez-Ramirez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Álvarez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Víctor Vega
- Laboratorio de Membranas Nanoporosas, Edificio de Servicios Científico Técnicos "Severo Ochoa", Universidad de Oviedo, C/Fernando Bonguera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Heiko Reith
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin Leistner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Carlos Luna
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas (FCFM), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Víctor M Prida
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
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8
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Khurshid H, Yoosuf R, Zafar H, Attanayake SB, Azeem M, Issa BA, Anjum DH, Srikanth H. From multi-segmented to core/shell nanorods: morphology evolution in Fe-Au nanorods by tuning fabrication conditions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:185602. [PMID: 36716488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to obtain hybrid magneto-plasmonic nanostructures, we have developed multisegmented and core/shell structured Fe-Au nanorods using template assisted electrochemical deposition. A facile method of tuning the growth pattern of multisegmented nanorods into core/shell structured is demonstrated. With a precise control of current density and deposition time, a brick-stacked wire like growth led to the formation of hollow nanotubes that could be further tuned to multilayered hollow nanotubes and core/shell structured nanorods. TEM imaging and STEM-EELS technique were used to explore the morphology, microstructure and the distribution of Au and Fe in the nanorods. The easy magnetization direction was found to be perpendicular to the nanorods' growth direction in the segmented nanorods. On the other hand, core/shell nanorods exhibited isotropic behavior. Our findings provide deeper insights into the fabrication of hybrid nanorods and the opportunity to tune the fabrication method to vary their morphology accordingly. Such studies will benefit design of hybrid nanorods with specific morphologies and physical properties and hence their integration into sensing, spintronics and other potential biomedical and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahana Yoosuf
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Supun B Attanayake
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bashar A Issa
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hariharan Srikanth
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, United States of America
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9
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Bhattacharya D, Chen Z, Jensen CJ, Liu C, Burks EC, Gilbert DA, Zhang X, Yin G, Liu K. 3D Interconnected Magnetic Nanowire Networks as Potential Integrated Multistate Memristors. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:10010-10017. [PMID: 36480011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interconnected magnetic nanowire (NW) networks offer a promising platform for three-dimensional (3D) information storage and integrated neuromorphic computing. Here we report discrete propagation of magnetic states in interconnected Co nanowire networks driven by magnetic field and current, manifested in distinct magnetoresistance (MR) features. In these networks, when only a few interconnected NWs were measured, multiple MR kinks and local minima were observed, including a significant minimum at a positive field during the descending field sweep. Micromagnetic simulations showed that this unusual feature was due to domain wall (DW) pinning at the NW intersections, which was confirmed by off-axis electron holography imaging. In a complex network with many intersections, sequential switching of nanowire sections separated by interconnects was observed, along with stochastic characteristics. The pinning/depinning of the DWs can be further controlled by the driving current density. These results illustrate the promise of such interconnected networks as integrated multistate memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | | | - Chen Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward C Burks
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California95618, United States
| | - Dustin A Gilbert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gen Yin
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
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10
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Moise CC, Mihai GV, Anicăi L, Monaico EV, Ursaki VV, Enăchescu M, Tiginyanu IM. Electrochemical Deposition of Ferromagnetic Ni Nanoparticles in InP Nanotemplates Fabricated by Anodic Etching Using Environmentally Friendly Electrolyte. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3787. [PMID: 36364561 PMCID: PMC9656686 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Porous InP templates possessing a thickness of up to 100 µm and uniformly distributed porosity were prepared by anodic etching of InP substrates exhibiting different electrical conductivities, involving an environmentally friendly electrolyte. Ni nanoparticles were successfully directly deposited by pulsed electroplating into prefabricated InP templates without any additional deposition of intermediary layers. The parameters of electrodeposition, including the pulse amplitude, pulse width and interval between pulses, were optimized to reach a uniform metal deposition covering the inner surface of the nanopores. The electrochemical dissolution of n-InP single crystals was investigated by measuring the current-voltage dependences, while the Ni-decorated n-InP templates have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The proposed technology is expected to be of interest for sensing and photocatalytic applications, as well as for the exploration of their plasmonic and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Călin Constantin Moise
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- S.C. NanoPRO START MC S.R.L., Mitropolit Antim Ivireanu Street 40, 110310 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Geanina Valentina Mihai
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liana Anicăi
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eduard V. Monaico
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Bd. Stefan cel Mare 168, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Veaceslav V. Ursaki
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Bd. Stefan cel Mare 168, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Marius Enăchescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion M. Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Bd. Stefan cel Mare 168, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
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11
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Monaico EV, Morari V, Kutuzau M, Ursaki VV, Nielsch K, Tiginyanu IM. Magnetic Properties of GaAs/NiFe Coaxial Core-Shell Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186262. [PMID: 36143574 PMCID: PMC9502629 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uniform nanogranular NiFe layers with Ni contents of 65%, 80%, and 100% have been electroplated in the potentiostatic deposition mode on both planar substrates and arrays of nanowires prepared by the anodization of GaAs substrates. The fabricated planar and coaxial core-shell ferromagnetic structures have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). To determine the perspectives for applications, a comparative analysis of magnetic properties, in terms of the saturation and remanence moment, the squareness ratio, and the coercivity, was performed for structures with different Ni contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard V. Monaico
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Vadim Morari
- Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies “D. Ghitu”, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Maksim Kutuzau
- Institute for Metallic Materials (IMW), Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Veaceslav V. Ursaki
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic Materials (IMW), Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ion M. Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
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Fernández-González C, Guedeja-Marrón A, Rodilla BL, Arché-Nuñez A, Corcuera R, Lucas I, González MT, Varela M, de la Presa P, Aballe L, Pérez L, Ruiz-Gómez S. Electrodeposited Magnetic Nanowires with Radial Modulation of Composition. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152565. [PMID: 35893533 PMCID: PMC9370789 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, magnetic nanowires have gained attention due to their potential implementation as building blocks in spintronics applications and, in particular, in domain-wall- based devices. In these devices, the control of the magnetic properties is a must. Cylindrical magnetic nanowires can be synthesized rather easily by electrodeposition and the control of their magnetic properties can be achieved by modulating the composition of the nanowire along the axial direction. In this work, we report the possibility of introducing changes in the composition along the radial direction, increasing the degrees of freedom to harness the magnetization. In particular, we report the synthesis, using template-assisted deposition, of FeNi (or Co) magnetic nanowires, coated with a Au/Co (Au/FeNi) bilayer. The diameter of the nanowire as well as the thickness of both layers can be tuned at will. In addition to a detailed structural characterization, we report a preliminary study on the magnetic properties, establishing the role of each layer in the global collective behavior of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fernández-González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados—IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.L.R.); (A.A.-N.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Alejandra Guedeja-Marrón
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (M.V.); (P.d.l.P.)
| | - Beatriz L. Rodilla
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados—IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.L.R.); (A.A.-N.); (M.T.G.)
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (M.V.); (P.d.l.P.)
| | - Ana Arché-Nuñez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados—IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.L.R.); (A.A.-N.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Rubén Corcuera
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza—-CSIC, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.C.); (I.L.)
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Lucas
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza—-CSIC, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.C.); (I.L.)
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados—IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.L.R.); (A.A.-N.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Maria Varela
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (M.V.); (P.d.l.P.)
| | - Patricia de la Presa
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (M.V.); (P.d.l.P.)
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain
| | - Lucía Aballe
- Alba Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain;
| | - Lucas Pérez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados—IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.L.R.); (A.A.-N.); (M.T.G.)
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (M.V.); (P.d.l.P.)
- Surface Science and Magnetism of Low Dimensional Systems, UCM, Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (S.R.-G.)
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Monaico EV, Morari V, Ursaki VV, Nielsch K, Tiginyanu IM. Core–Shell GaAs-Fe Nanowire Arrays: Fabrication Using Electrochemical Etching and Deposition and Study of Their Magnetic Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091506. [PMID: 35564215 PMCID: PMC9104038 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of GaAs nanowire templates with the cost-effective electrochemical etching of (001) and (111)B GaAs substrates in a 1 M HNO3 electrolyte is reported. The electrochemical etching resulted in the obtaining of GaAs nanowires with both perpendicular and parallel orientations with respect to the wafer surface. Core–shell GaAs-Fe nanowire arrays have been prepared by galvanostatic Fe deposition into these templates. The fabricated arrays have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The magnetic properties of the polycrystalline Fe nanotubes constituting the shells of the cylindrical structures, such as the saturation and remanence moment, squareness ratio, and coercivity, were analyzed in relation to previously reported data on ferromagnetic nanowires and nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard V. Monaico
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.V.U.); (I.M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vadim Morari
- Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies “D. Ghitu”, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Veaceslav V. Ursaki
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.V.U.); (I.M.T.)
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic Materials (IMW), Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Ion M. Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.V.U.); (I.M.T.)
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
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Formation of Nanowires of Various Types in the Process of Galvanic Deposition of Iron Group Metals into the Pores of a Track Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020195. [PMID: 35207116 PMCID: PMC8879199 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The processes of formation of one-dimensional nanostructures by the method of matrix synthesis was studied in this work. Nanowires (NWs) from magnetic metals of iron-group and copper (3-d metals) were synthesized in the pores of matrix-track membranes by galvanic deposition. NWs with both homogeneous elemental distribution (alloys) and with periodically alternating parts with different composition (layers) were obtained in matrices with different pore diameters and under different parameters of the galvanic process. The transport of ions, which determined the growth of wires, in pores of different sizes was analyzed. The influence of the size of pore channels on the features of NWs growth, the correlation between the elemental composition of the NWs and the growth electrolyte, as well as the influence of the growth conditions (voltage and pore diameter) were investigated. Approaches to formation of thin layers in layered NWs were studied. This included the choice of methods for controlling the pulse duration, slowing down the growth rate by the dilution of the solution, the use of additives and the work with reference electrode. The study of NWs was carried out using visualization and analysis of their structure using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, electron diffraction, energy dispersive analysis, and elemental mapping. For the studied types of samples, a relationship was established between the growth conditions and the structure. This data raises the possibility of varying the magnetic properties of NWs.
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Cui Y, Chu Y, Pan Z, Xing Y, Huang S, Xu H. Anisotropic magnetoresistance as evidence of spin-momentum inter-locking in topological Kondo insulator SmB 6 nanowires. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20417-20424. [PMID: 34878477 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SmB6, which opens up an insulating bulk gap due to hybridization between itinerant d-electrons and localized f-electrons below a critical temperature, turns out to be a topological Kondo insulator possessing exotic conducting states on its surface. However, measurement of the surface-states in SmB6 draws controversial conclusions, depending on the growth methods and experimental techniques used. Herein, we report anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) observed in the Kondo energy gap of a single SmB6 nanowire that is immune to magnetic dopant pollution and features a square cross-section to show high-symmetry crystal facets. The AMR clearly shows a cosine function of included angle θ between magnetic field and measuring current with a period of π. The positive AMR is interpreted by anisotropically lifting the topological protection of spin-momentum inter-locking surface-states by rotating the in-plane magnetic field, which, therefore, provides the transport evidence that supports the topologically nontrivial nature of the SmB6 surface-states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Zhencun Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yingjie Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Shaoyun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Hongqi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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Khurshid H, Yoosuf R, Issa BA, Attaelmanan AG, Hadjipanayis G. Tuning Easy Magnetization Direction and Magnetostatic Interactions in High Aspect Ratio Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113042. [PMID: 34835808 PMCID: PMC8621815 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt nanowires have been synthesized by electrochemical deposition using track-etched anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Nanowires with varying spacing-to-diameter ratios were prepared, and their magnetic properties were investigated. It is found that the nanowires’ easy magnetization direction switches from parallel to perpendicular to the nanowire growth direction when the nanowire’s spacing-to-diameter ratio is reduced below 0.7, or when the nanowires’ packing density is increased above 5%. Upon further reduction in the spacing-to-diameter ratio, nanowires’ magnetic properties exhibit an isotropic behavior. Apart from shape anisotropy, strong dipolar interactions among nanowires facilitate additional uniaxial anisotropy, favoring an easy magnetization direction perpendicular to their growth direction. The magnetic interactions among the nanowires were studied using the standard method of remanence curves. The demagnetization curves and Delta m (Δm) plots showed that the nanowires interact via dipolar interactions that act as an additional uniaxial anisotropy favoring an easy magnetization direction perpendicular to the nanowire growth direction. The broadening of the dipolar component of Δm plots indicate an increase in the switching field distribution with the increase in the nanowires’ diameter. Our findings provide an important insight into the magnetic behavior of cobalt nanowires, meaning that it is crucial to design them according to the specific requirements for the application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.Y.); (A.G.A.)
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-50-726-0807
| | - Rahana Yoosuf
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.Y.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Bashar Afif Issa
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Atta G. Attaelmanan
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.Y.); (A.G.A.)
| | - George Hadjipanayis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
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Caspani S, Moraes S, Navas D, Proenca MP, Magalhães R, Nunes C, Araújo JP, Sousa CT. The Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cu Multilayered Nanowires: The Role of the Number of Fe Layers and Their Thickness. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2729. [PMID: 34685176 PMCID: PMC8538472 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-segmented bilayered Fe/Cu nanowires have been fabricated through the electrodeposition in porous anodic alumina membranes. We have assessed, with the support of micromagnetic simulations, the dependence of fabricated nanostructures' magnetic properties either on the number of Fe/Cu bilayers or on the length of the magnetic layers, by fixing both the nonmagnetic segment length and the wire diameter. The magnetic reversal, in the segmented Fe nanowires (NWs) with a 300 nm length, occurs through the nucleation and propagation of a vortex domain wall (V-DW) from the extremities of each segment. By increasing the number of bilayers, the coercive field progressively increases due to the small magnetostatic coupling between Fe segments, but the coercivity found in an Fe continuous nanowire is not reached, since the interactions between layers is limited by the Cu separation. On the other hand, Fe segments 30 nm in length have exhibited a vortex configuration, with around 60% of the magnetization pointing parallel to the wires' long axis, which is equivalent to an isolated Fe nanodisc. By increasing the Fe segment length, a magnetic reversal occurred through the nucleation and propagation of a V-DW from the extremities of each segment, similar to what happens in a long cylindrical Fe nanowire. The particular case of the Fe/Cu bilayered nanowires with Fe segments 20 nm in length revealed a magnetization oriented in opposite directions, forming a synthetic antiferromagnetic system with coercivity and remanence values close to zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Caspani
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Suellen Moraes
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - David Navas
- ICMM-CSIC-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana P. Proenca
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
- ISOM and Dpto. Electrónica Física, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Pedro Araújo
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Célia T. Sousa
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
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Fabrication of Superconducting Nanowires Using the Template Method. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081970. [PMID: 34443801 PMCID: PMC8398988 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of superconducting nanowires fabricated by the anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template technique has been reviewed. This templating method was applied to conventional metallic superconductors, as well as to several high-temperature superconductors (HTSc). For filling the templates with superconducting material, several different techniques have been applied in the literature, including electrodeposition, sol-gel techniques, sputtering, and melting. Here, we discuss the various superconducting materials employed and the results obtained. The arising problems in the fabrication process and the difficulties concerning the separation of the nanowires from the templates are pointed out in detail. Furthermore, we compare HTSc nanowires prepared by AAO templating and electrospinning with each other, and give an outlook to further research directions.
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Patiño Cárdenas J, Encinas A, Ramírez Villegas R, de la Torre Medina J. Control of the asymmetric growth of nanowire arrays with gradient profiles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25892-25900. [PMID: 35479484 PMCID: PMC9037112 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel electrochemical methodology for the growth of arrays of Ni and Co nanowires (NWs) with linear and non-linear varying micro-height gradient profiles (μHGPs), has been developed. The growth mechanism of these microstructures consists of a three-dimensional growth originating from the allowed electrical contact between the electrolyte and the edges of the cathode at the bottom side of porous alumina membranes. It has been shown that the morphology of these microstructures strongly depends on electrodeposition parameters like the cation material and concentration and the reduction potential. At constant reduction potentials, linear Ni μHGPs with trapezoid-like geometry are obtained, whereas deviations from this simple morphology are observed for Co μHGPs. In this regime, the μHGPs average inclination angle decreases for more negative reduction potential values, leading as a result to more laterally extended microstructures. Besides, more complex morphologies have been obtained by varying the reduction potential using a simple power function of time. Using this strategy allows us to accelerate or decelerate the reduction potential in order to change the μHGPs morphology, so to obtain convex- or concave-like profiles. This methodology is a novel and reliable strategy to synthesize μHGPs into porous alumina membranes with controlled and well-defined morphologies. Furthermore, the synthesized low dimensional asymmetrically loaded nanowired substrates with μHGPs are interesting for their application in micro-antennas for localized electromagnetic radiation, magnetic stray field gradients in microfluidic systems, non-reciprocal microwave absorption, and super-capacitive devices for which a very large surface area and controlled morphology are key requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Patiño Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales - Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Armando Encinas
- División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C. Caminio a la Presa 2055 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP Mexico
| | - Rossana Ramírez Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales - Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Joaquín de la Torre Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales - Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190 Morelia Mexico
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Tishkevich D, Vorobjova A, Shimanovich D, Kaniukov E, Kozlovskiy A, Zdorovets M, Vinnik D, Turutin A, Kubasov I, Kislyuk A, Dong M, Sayyed MI, Zubar T, Trukhanov A. Magnetic Properties of the Densely Packed Ultra-Long Ni Nanowires Encapsulated in Alumina Membrane. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1775. [PMID: 34361161 PMCID: PMC8308109 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
High-quality and compact arrays of Ni nanowires with a high ratio (up to 700) were obtained by DC electrochemical deposition into porous anodic alumina membranes with a distance between pores equal to 105 nm. The nanowire arrays were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and vibration magnetometry at 300 K and 4.2 K. Microscopic and X-ray diffraction results showed that Ni nanowires are homogeneous, with smooth walls and mostly single-crystalline materials with a 220-oriented growth direction. The magnetic properties of the samples (coercivity and squareness) depend more on the length of the nanowires and the packing factor (the volume fraction of the nanowires in the membrane). It is shown that the dipolar interaction changes the demagnetizing field during a reversal magnetization of the Ni nanowires, and the general effective field of magnetostatic uniaxial shape anisotropy. The effect of magnetostatic interaction between ultra-long nanowires (with an aspect ratio of >500) in samples with a packing factor of ≥37% leads to a reversal magnetization state, in which a "curling"-type model of nanowire behavior is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Tishkevich
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Alla Vorobjova
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Dmitry Shimanovich
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Egor Kaniukov
- Department of Technology of Electronic Materials, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology, «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (A.T.); (I.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Artem Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.K.); (M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.K.); (M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Denis Vinnik
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Andrei Turutin
- Department of Technology of Electronic Materials, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology, «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (A.T.); (I.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Physics and I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ilya Kubasov
- Department of Technology of Electronic Materials, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology, «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (A.T.); (I.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Kislyuk
- Department of Technology of Electronic Materials, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology, «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (A.T.); (I.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Mengge Dong
- Department of Resource and Environment, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatiana Zubar
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Alex Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
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21
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Magnetocaloric effect in nickel and iron nanowires with a domain wall. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Relation of the average interaction field with the coercive and interaction field distributions in First order reversal curve diagrams of nanowire arrays. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21396. [PMID: 33288826 PMCID: PMC7721885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First-order reversal curve diagrams, or FORC diagrams, have been studied to determine if the widths of their distributions along the interaction and coercivity axes can be related to the mean-field magnetization dependent interaction field (MDIF). Arrays of nanowires with diameters ranging from 18 up to 100 nm and packing fractions varying from 0.4 to 12% have been analyzed. The mean-field MDIF has been measured using the remanence curves and used as a measuring scale on the FORC diagrams. Based on these measurements, the full width of the interaction field distribution and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the FORC distribution profile along the interaction field direction are shown to be proportional to the MDIF, and the relation between them is found. Moreover, by interpreting the full width of the coercive field distribution in terms of the dipolar induced shearing, a simple relation is found between the width of this distribution and the MDIF. Furthermore, we show that the width of the FORC distribution along the coercive field axis is equal to the width of the switching field distribution obtained by the derivation of the DC remanence curve. This was further verified with the switching field distribution determined using in-field magnetic force microscopy (MFM) for very low density nanowires. The results are further supported by the good agreement found between the experiments and the values calculated using the mean-field model, which provides analytical expressions for both FORC distributions.
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Stadler BJH. A Guideline for Effectively Synthesizing and Characterizing Magnetic Nanoparticles for Advancing Nanobiotechnology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2554. [PMID: 32365832 PMCID: PMC7248791 DOI: 10.3390/s20092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable multimodal functionalities of magnetic nanoparticles, conferred by their size and morphology, are very important in resolving challenges slowing the progression of nanobiotechnology. The rapid and revolutionary expansion of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology, especially in nanomedicine and therapeutics, demands an overview of the current state of the art for synthesizing and characterizing magnetic nanoparticles. In this review, we explain the synthesis routes for tailoring the size, morphology, composition, and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles. The pros and cons of the most popularly used characterization techniques for determining the aforementioned parameters, with particular focus on nanomedicine and biosensing applications, are discussed. Moreover, we provide numerous biomedical applications and highlight their challenges and requirements that must be met using the magnetic nanoparticles to achieve the most effective outcomes. Finally, we conclude this review by providing an insight towards resolving the persisting challenges and the future directions. This review should be an excellent source of information for beginners in this field who are looking for a groundbreaking start but they have been overwhelmed by the volume of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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