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Kurzyna-Szklarek M, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Analysis of the chemical composition of natural carbohydrates - An overview of methods. Food Chem 2022; 394:133466. [PMID: 35716502 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural carbohydrates are gaining importance over a wide spectrum of human activity due to their versatile functionalities. The properties of carbohydrates are currently used in many branches of industry and new possibilities of their utilization, like in medicine or materials science, are demonstrated systematically. The attractive properties of carbohydrates result from their chemical structure and ability to form macromolecules and derivatives. Each application of carbohydrate requires a knowledge of their chemical composition, which due to the number and differentiation of monosaccharides and their spatial forms is often challenging. This review presents an overview on sample preparation and the methods used for the determination of the fine chemical structure of natural carbohydrates. Most popular and reliable colorimetric, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are presented with an emphasis on their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Di Matteo G, Di Matteo P, Sambucci M, Tirillò J, Giusti AM, Vinci G, Gobbi L, Prencipe SA, Salvo A, Ingallina C, Spano M, Sobolev AP, Proietti N, Di Tullio V, Russo P, Mannina L, Valente M. Commercial Bio-Packaging to Preserve the Quality and Extend the Shelf-Life of Vegetables: The Case-Study of Pumpkin Samples Studied by a Multimethodological Approach. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102440. [PMID: 34681489 PMCID: PMC8535681 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A multidisciplinary protocol is proposed to monitor the preservation of fresh pumpkin samples (FP) using three commercial polymeric films: A made of biodegradable cellophane from regenerated cellulose pulp; B from corn starch, cassava and eucalyptus, C made of polylactic acid from corn starch, and a polyethylene film used as reference (REF). Chemical, mechanical and microbiological analyses were applied on packaging and fresh and packaged samples at different times. After an 11-day period, NMR spectroscopy results showed a sucrose increase and a malic acid decrease in all the biofilms with respect to FP; fructose, glucose, galactose levels remained quite constant in biofilms B and C; the most abundant amino acids remained quite constant in biofilm A and decreased significantly in biofilm B. From microbiological analyses total microbial count was below the threshold value up to 7 days for samples in all the films, and 11 days for biofilm C. The lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and molds counts were below the acceptability limit during the 11 days for all packages. In the case of biofilm C, the most promising packaging for microbiological point of view, aroma analysis was also carried out. In this paper, you can find all the analysis performed and all the values found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Chimica degli Alimenti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00182 Roma, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Paola Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Matteo Sambucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Jacopo Tirillò
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Vinci
- Dipartimento di Management, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (L.G.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Laura Gobbi
- Dipartimento di Management, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (L.G.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Sabrina Antonia Prencipe
- Dipartimento di Management, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (L.G.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Chimica degli Alimenti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00182 Roma, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Chimica degli Alimenti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00182 Roma, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Chimica degli Alimenti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00182 Roma, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Segre-Capitani”, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (A.P.S.); (N.P.); (V.D.T.)
| | - Noemi Proietti
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Segre-Capitani”, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (A.P.S.); (N.P.); (V.D.T.)
| | - Valeria Di Tullio
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Segre-Capitani”, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (A.P.S.); (N.P.); (V.D.T.)
| | - Paola Russo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (L.M.); Tel.: +39-06-44585565 (P.R.); +39-06-499137352 (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Chimica degli Alimenti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00182 Roma, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (L.M.); Tel.: +39-06-44585565 (P.R.); +39-06-499137352 (L.M.)
| | - Marco Valente
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.V.)
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3
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Fortuny AP, Bueno RA, Pereira da Costa JH, Zanor MI, Rodríguez GR. Tomato fruit quality traits and metabolite content are affected by reciprocal crosses and heterosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5407-5425. [PMID: 34013312 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis occurs when the F1s outperform their parental lines for a trait. Reciprocal hybrids are obtained by changing the cross direction of parental genotypes. Both biological phenomena could affect the external and internal attributes of fleshy fruits. This work aimed to detect reciprocal effects and heterosis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit quality traits and metabolite content. Twelve agronomic traits and 28 metabolites identified and estimated by 1H-NMR were evaluated in five cultivars grown in two environments. Given that the genotype component was more important than the phenotype, the traits were evaluated following a full diallel mating design among those cultivars, in a greenhouse. Hybrids showed a higher phenotypic diversity than parental lines. Interestingly, the metabolites, mainly amino acids, displayed more reciprocal effects and heterosis. Agronomic traits were more influenced by general combining ability (GCA) and metabolites by specific combining ability (SCA). Furthermore, the genetic distance between parental lines was not causally related to the occurrence of reciprocal effects or heterosis. Hybrids with heterosis and a high content of metabolites linked to tomato flavour and nutritious components were obtained. Our results highlight the impact of selecting a cultivar as male or female in a cross to enhance the variability of fruit attributes through hybrids as well as the possibility to exploit heterosis for fruit composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina P Fortuny
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo A Bueno
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Javier H Pereira da Costa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Inés Zanor
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gustavo R Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Spano M, Di Matteo G, Ingallina C, Botta B, Quaglio D, Ghirga F, Balducci S, Cammarone S, Campiglia E, Giusti AM, Vinci G, Rapa M, Ciano S, Mannina L, Sobolev AP. A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages. Molecules 2021; 26:2912. [PMID: 34068911 PMCID: PMC8156653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven Cannabis sativa L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the beginning of flowering to end of flowering/beginning of seed formation, using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and targeted (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and spectrophotometry) analyses. The tetrahydrocannabinol content was always below the legal limits (<0.6%) in all the analyzed samples. The NMR metabolite profile (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and minor compounds) subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) showed a strong variability according to the harvesting stages: samples harvested in stage I were characterized by a high content of sucrose and myo-inositol, whereas the ones harvested in stage II showed high levels of succinic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and threonine. Samples harvested in stage III were characterized by high levels of glucose, fructose, choline, trigonelline, malic acid, formic acid, and some amino acids. The ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids content indicated that all plants grew up exposed to the sun, the Eletta Campana cultivar having the highest pigment amount. Tiborszallasi cultivar showed the highest polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was generally observed in stage II. All these results suggested that the Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences of each analyzed dioecious hemp cultivar presented a peculiar chemical profile affected by the harvesting stage. This information could be useful for producers and industries to harvest inflorescences in the appropriate stage to obtain samples with a peculiar chemical profile suitable for proper applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Spano
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Balducci
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Cammarone
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Enio Campiglia
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Vinci
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Mattia Rapa
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Ciano
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (B.B.); (D.Q.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy;
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Çolak NG, Eken NT, Frary A, Doğanlar S. Chromatographic Analysis for Targeted Metabolomics of Antioxidant and Flavor-Related Metabolites in Tomato. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3929. [PMID: 33796605 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted metabolomics is a useful approach to evaluate crop breeding studies. Antioxidant and flavor-related traits are of increasing interest and are considered quality traits in tomato breeding. The present study presents chromatographic methods to study antioxidants (carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, phenolic compounds, and glutathione) and flavor-related characters (sugars and organic acids) in tomato. Two different extraction methods (for polar and apolar entities) were applied to isolate the targeted compounds. The extraction methods developed in this work were time and cost-effective since no further purification was needed. Carotenoids, vitamin C, glutathione, and phenolic acids were analyzed by HPLC-PDA using a RP C18 column at an appropriate wavelength for each compound. Vitamin E and sugars were analyzed by HPLC with RP C18 and NH2 columns and detected by FLD and RI detectors, respectively. In addition, organic acids were analyzed with GC-FID using a Rtx 5DA column after derivatization with MSTFA. As a result, sensitive analytical methods to quantify important plant metabolites were developed and are described herein. These methods are not only applicable in tomato but are also useful to characterize other species for flavor-related and antioxidant compounds. Thus, these protocols can be used to guide selection in crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Gürbüz Çolak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.,Plant Science and Technology and Application Center, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Tek Eken
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anne Frary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sami Doğanlar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.,Plant Science and Technology and Application Center, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020289. [PMID: 33535442 PMCID: PMC7912530 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) resonances from hydroalcoholic and organic apple extracts with respect to literature data was reported, identifying fructose tautomeric forms, galacturonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), p-coumaroyl moiety, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The chemical profile of each apple cultivar was defined by thorough quantitative NMR analysis of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and xylose), nine organic acids (acetic, citric, formic, citramalic, lactic, malic, quinic, and galacturonic acids), six amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, isoleucine, and valine), rhamnitol, p-coumaroyl derivative, phloretin/phloridzin and choline, as well as β-sitosterol, fatty acid chains, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Finally, the application of PCA analysis allowed us to highlight possible differences/similarities. The Magnana cultivar showed the highest content of sugars, GABA, valine, isoleucine, and alanine. The Runsé cultivar was characterized by high amounts of organic acids, whereas the Gamba Fina cultivar showed a high content of chlorogenic acid. A significant amount of quinic acid was detected in the Carla cultivar. The knowledge of apple chemical profiles can be useful for industries interested in specific compounds for obtaining ingredients of food supplements and functional foods and for promoting apple valorization and preservation.
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Ghirga F, Quaglio D, Mori M, Cammarone S, Iazzetti A, Goggiamani A, Ingallina C, Botta B, Calcaterra A. A unique high-diversity natural product collection as a reservoir of new therapeutic leads. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We review the successful application of computer-aided methods to screen a unique and high-diversity in house collection library composed of around 1000 individual natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ghirga
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 00161 Rome
- Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- University of Siena
- 53100 Siena
| | - Silvia Cammarone
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Antonella Goggiamani
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs
- “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”
- The Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
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8
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Ingallina C, Maccelli A, Spano M, Di Matteo G, Di Sotto A, Giusti AM, Vinci G, Di Giacomo S, Rapa M, Ciano S, Fraschetti C, Filippi A, Simonetti G, Cordeiro C, Silva MS, Crestoni ME, Sobolev AP, Fornarini S, Mannina L. Chemico-Biological Characterization of Torpedino Di Fondi ® Tomato Fruits: A Comparison with San Marzano Cultivar at Two Ripeness Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101027. [PMID: 33096834 PMCID: PMC7590105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Torpedino di Fondi (TF) is a hybrid tomato landrace developed in Sicily and recently introduced in the south Lazio area along with the classical San Marzano (SM) cultivar. The present study aimed at characterizing TF tomatoes at both pink and red ripening stages, and at comparing them with traditional SM tomatoes. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of morphological, chemical (FT-ICR MS, NMR, HPLC, and spectrophotometric methods), and biological (antioxidant and antifungal in vitro activity) analyses was applied. Morphological analysis confirmed the mini-San Marzano nature and the peculiar crunchy and solid consistency of TF fruits. Pink TF tomatoes displayed the highest content of hydrophilic antioxidants, like total polyphenols (0.192 mg/g), tannins (0.013 mg/g), flavonoids (0.204 mg/g), and chlorophylls a (0.344 mg/g) and b (0.161 mg/g), whereas red TF fruits were characterized by the highest levels of fructose (3000 mg/100 g), glucose (2000 mg/100 g), tryptophan (2.7 mg/100 g), phenylalanine (13 mg/100 g), alanine (25 mg/100 g), and total tri-unsaturated fatty acids (13% mol). Red SM fruits revealed the greatest content of lipophilic antioxidants, with 1234 mg/g of total carotenoids. In agreement with phenolics content, TF cultivar showed the greatest antioxidant activity. Lastly, red TF inhibited Candida species (albicans, glabrata and krusei) growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Ingallina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “V. Ersparmer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Vinci
- Dipartimento di Management, Laboratorio di Merceologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “V. Ersparmer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Mattia Rapa
- Dipartimento di Management, Laboratorio di Merceologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Ciano
- Dipartimento di Management, Laboratorio di Merceologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo-Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo-Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (A.P.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-3596 (M.E.C.); +39-06-9067-2385 (A.P.S.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, CNR, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (A.P.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-3596 (M.E.C.); +39-06-9067-2385 (A.P.S.)
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
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Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nine commercial hemp seed oils from different countries were studied using a multimethodological approach to obtain information about their quality and chemical composition. Due to the lack of a specific regulation for hemp seed oils, quality parameters used in the case of olive oils (free acidity, peroxides number, spectrophotometer parameters) and anisidine number were measured and compared with those reported for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Free acidity and peroxides number showed a great variability, ranging from 0.4 to 17.24% and from 4.32 to 22.14 meqO2/kg, respectively, whereas the anisidine number ranged from 0.11 to 3.58. K232 value turned out to be generally below the limit reported for EVOO, whereas K270 and ΔK values were higher, with respect to EVOO limits, due to the high amount of tri-unsaturated fatty chains. Colorimetric analysis showed a peculiar curve trend that could represent the fingerprint of this product. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance methodology allowed to measure the amount of fatty chains, ω-6:ω-3 ratio, β-sitosterol, and aldehydes. The ω-6:ω-3 ratio turned out to be, in some cases, different from that reported on the bottle labels. Finally, lipoperoxidation assays were also carried out under different storage (light and temperature) and time exposure conditions, confirming that the exposure to direct light is the condition that interferes more with the product quality.
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Ingallina C, Spano M, Sobolev AP, Esposito C, Santarcangelo C, Baldi A, Daglia M, Mannina L. Characterization of Local Products for Their Industrial Use: The Case of Italian Potato Cultivars Analyzed by Untargeted and Targeted Methodologies. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091216. [PMID: 32887216 PMCID: PMC7555304 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical characterization of local Italian potato cultivars is reported to promote their preservation and use as high quality raw material in food industries. Twenty potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from Piedmont and Liguria Italian regions were investigated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn (Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Detector) methodologies. Water soluble and lipophilic metabolites were identified and quantified. With respect to literature data, a more complete 1H (protonic) spectral assignment of the aqueous potato extracts was reported, whereas the 1H NMR assignment of potato organic extracts was reported here for the first time. Phenolics resulted to be in high concentrations in the purple–blue colored Rouge des Flandres, Bergerac, Fleur Bleu, and Blue Star cultivars. Servane, Piatlina, and Malou showed the highest amount of galacturonic acid, a marker of pectin presence, whereas Jelly cultivar was characterized by high levels of monosaccharides. Roseval and Rubra Spes contained high levels of citric acid involved in the inhibition of the enzymatic browning in fresh-cut potato. High levels of the amino acids involved in the formation of pleasant-smell volatile compounds during potato cooking were detected in Rouge des Flandres, Blue Star, Bergerac, Roseval, and Ratte cultivars. These results suggest that each local cultivar is characterized by a proper chemical profile related to specific proprieties that can be useful to obtain high quality industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Ingallina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.S.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-06-9067-2385 (A.P.S.); +39-081-678644 (M.D.)
| | - Cristina Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.E.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.E.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Tefarco Innova, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A-Campus, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.E.); (C.S.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (A.P.S.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-06-9067-2385 (A.P.S.); +39-081-678644 (M.D.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
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