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Todorov AR, Dryś M, Gazagnaire E, Podder M, Kilpeläinen I. Cellulose carbamates via transcarbamoylation/transurethanization of methyl carbamates in superbase-acid conjugate ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23118-23128. [PMID: 39040690 PMCID: PMC11262085 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A sustainable homogeneous transcarbamoylation/transurethanization protocol for cellulose modification with methyl N-substituted carbamates was developed. The protocol utilizes the superbase ionic liquid [mTBNH][OAc], not only as a green reaction medium, but also as a promotor of the transformation. This approach allows to obtain different cellulose carbamates with controllable degrees of substitution. The solubility of the obtained materials from the newly developed method was compared with the solubility of materials obtained from the isocyanate approach, where some intrinsic trends were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar R Todorov
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Magdalena Dryś
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Latokartanonkaari 9 00790 Helsinki Finland
| | - Eva Gazagnaire
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Manisha Podder
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
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Yadav C, Lee JM, Mohanty P, Li X, Jang WD. Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15108-15145. [PMID: 37712254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional 'nanocellulose' has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials. Bestowed with multifunctional attributes, such as renewability and abundance of its source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, superior mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, tunable self-assembly and surface chemistry, nanocellulose presents exclusive opportunities for a wide range of novel applications. However, to alleviate its intrinsic hydrophilicity-related constraints surface functionalization is inevitably needed to foster various targeted applications. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose offer opportunities for grafting small molecules or macromolecular entities using either a 'graft onto' or 'graft from' approach, resulting in materials with distinctive functionalities. Most of the reviews published to date extensively discussed 'graft from' modification approaches, however 'graft onto' approaches are not well discussed. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of 'graft onto' approaches. Furthermore, insight into some of the recently emerging applications of this grafted nanocellulose including advanced nanocomposite formulation, stimuli-responsive materials, bioimaging, sensing, biomedicine, packaging, and wastewater treatment has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sayed M, Saddik AA, Kamal El-Dean AM, Fatehi P, Soliman AIA. A post-sulfonated one-pot synthesized magnetic cellulose nanocomposite for Knoevenagel and Thorpe-Ziegler reactions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28051-28062. [PMID: 37746344 PMCID: PMC10517101 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biodegradable and active cellulosic-based heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of different organic compounds would be attractive in pharmaceutical and petrochemical-related industries. Herein, a post-sulfonated composite of one-pot synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was used as an effective and easily separable heterogeneous catalyst for activating the Knoevenagel and Thorpe-Ziegler reactions. The composite was developed hydrothermally from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), iron chlorides, urea, and hydrochloric acid at 180 °C for 20 h in a one-pot reaction. After collecting the magnetic CNCs (MCNCs), post-sulfonation was performed using chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO3H) in DMF at room temperature producing sulfonated MCNCs (SMCNCs). The results confirmed the presence of sulfonated Fe3O4 and CNCs with a hydrodynamic size of 391 nm (±25). The presence of cellulose was beneficial for preventing Fe3O4 oxidation or the formation of agglomerations without requiring the presence of capping agents, organic solvents, or an inert environment. The SMCNC catalyst was applied to activate the Knoevenagel condensation and the Thorpe-Ziegler reaction with determining the optimal reaction conditions. The presence of the SMCNC catalyst facilitated these transformations under green procedures, which enabled us to synthesize a new series of olefins and thienopyridines, and the yields of some isolated olefins and thienopyridines were up to 99% and 95%, respectively. Besides, the catalyst was stable for five cycles without a significant decrease in its reactivity, and the mechanistic routes of both reactions on the SMCNCs were postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University El-Kharja 72511 Egypt
| | | | | | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON P7B5E1 Canada
| | - Ahmed I A Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON P7B5E1 Canada
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Wang L, Li K, Copenhaver K, Mackay S, Lamm ME, Zhao X, Dixon B, Wang J, Han Y, Neivandt D, Johnson DA, Walker CC, Ozcan S, Gardner DJ. Review on Nonconventional Fibrillation Methods of Producing Cellulose Nanofibrils and Their Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4037-4059. [PMID: 34506126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) continues to receive considerable attention because of their desirable material characteristics for a variety of consumer applications. There are, however, challenges that remain in transitioning CNFs from research to widespread adoption in the industrial sectors, including production cost and material performance. This Review covers CNFs produced from nonconventional fibrillation methods as a potential alternative solution. Pretreating biomass by biological, chemical, mechanical, or physical means can render plant feedstocks more facile for processing and thus lower energy requirements to produce CNFs. CNFs from nonconventional fibrillation methods have been investigated for various applications, including films, composites, aerogels, and Pickering emulsifiers. Continued research is needed to develop protocols to standardize the characterization (e.g., degree of fibrillation) of the lignocellulosic fibrillation processes and resulting CNF products to make them more attractive to the industry for specific product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States.,Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Kai Li
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Katie Copenhaver
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Susan Mackay
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Meghan E Lamm
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xianhui Zhao
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States.,Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Brandon Dixon
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Yousoo Han
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States.,Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - David Neivandt
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Donna A Johnson
- Process Development Center, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Colleen C Walker
- Process Development Center, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States.,Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
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