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Marques F, Pereira F, Machado L, Martins JT, Pereira RN, Costa MM, Genisheva Z, Pereira H, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA, Geada P. Comparison of Different Pretreatment Processes Envisaging the Potential Use of Food Waste as Microalgae Substrate. Foods 2024; 13:1018. [PMID: 38611325 PMCID: PMC11011475 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant fraction of the food produced worldwide is currently lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, squandering natural and economic resources. Food waste valorization will be an important necessity in the coming years. This work investigates the ability of food waste to serve as a viable nutritional substrate for the heterotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The impact of different pretreatments on the elemental composition and microbial contamination of seven retail food waste mixtures was evaluated. Among the pretreatment methods applied to the food waste formulations, autoclaving was able to eliminate all microbial contamination and increase the availability of reducing sugars by 30%. Ohmic heating was also able to eliminate most of the contaminations in the food wastes in shorter time periods than autoclave. However, it has reduced the availability of reducing sugars, making it less preferable for microalgae heterotrophic cultivation. The direct utilization of food waste containing essential nutrients from fruits, vegetables, dairy and bakery products, and meat on the heterotrophic growth of microalgae allowed a biomass concentration of 2.2 × 108 cells·mL-1, being the culture able to consume more than 42% of the reducing sugars present in the substrate, thus demonstrating the economic and environmental potential of these wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Marques
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Francisco Pereira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Luís Machado
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Joana T. Martins
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N. Pereira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Monya M. Costa
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.C.); (H.P.)
| | | | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.C.); (H.P.)
| | - António A. Vicente
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José A. Teixeira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Geada
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.M.); (F.P.); (L.M.); (J.T.M.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.); (P.G.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Mehta P, Rani R, Gupta R, Mathur A, Ramakumar SSV. Simultaneous production of high-value lipids in Schizochytrium sp. by synergism of chemical modulators. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6135-6149. [PMID: 37555947 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on the simultaneous improvement of biomass, lipid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) productivities in a single reactor using modulator control strategies. The efficacy of three different biochemical modulators, sesamol (Ses), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as potential stimulants in augmenting the biomass, lipid, and DHA production of Schizochytrium sp. MTCC 5890 was elucidated. After 48 h of cultivation, among tested modulators, the individual supplementation of 6-BAP and Ses showed improvement in biomass, lipid, and DHA accumulation by 28.2%, 56.1%, and 87.2% and 21.7%, 47.9%, and 91%, respectively, over the non-supplemented group. In addition, the cooperative effect of selected concentrations, i.e., 10 mgL-1 6-BAP and 200 mgL-1 Ses, further increased the productivities of biomass of 13.5 gL-1d-1 ± 0.66, lipid of 7.4 gL-1d-1 ± 0.69, and DHA of 3.2 gL-1d-1 ± 1.09 representing 8%, 39%, and 69% increase over the individual addition of 6-BAP or Ses, respectively, in batch culture. Supplementation with 6-BAP + Ses at 12 h of time point eventually increased the lipid yield to 15.6 ± 0.42 gL-1 from 7.88 ± 0.31 gL-1 (control) and DHA yield to 6.4 ± 0.11 gL-1 from 2.23 ± 0.09 gL-1 (control), respectively. Furthermore, the process was optimized in continuous culture supplemented with 6-BAP + Ses for enhanced productivities. Continuous culture resulted in maximum biomass (2.04 ± 1.12 gL-1 day-1), lipid (1.0 ± 0.73 gL-1 day-1), and DHA (0.386 ± 0.22 gL-1 day-1) productivities, which were higher as compared with the batch and fed-batch processes by 26 ± 1.21%, 22 ± 1.01%, and 21 ± 0.98% and 24 ± 0.45%, 16 ± 0.38%, and 14 ± 0.12%, respectively. This work represents the potential application of the combined effect of modulators for the simultaneous enhancement of biomass production and lipid and DHA productivities. KEY POINTS: • The cumulative study of 6-BAP and sesamol proved to be more efficient in the simultaneous production of biomass, lipid, and DHA in a single reactor. • Addition of a combination of 6-BAP + Ses remarkably increased the biomass, lipid, and DHA productivities in tandem in continuous culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Mehta
- DBT-IOC Centre, R & D, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Rekha Rani
- DBT-IOC Centre, R & D, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Anshu Mathur
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India.
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Santo GE, Barros A, Costa M, Pereira H, Trovão M, Cardoso H, Carvalho B, Soares M, Correia N, Silva JT, Mateus M, Silva JL. Scenedesmus rubescens Heterotrophic Production Strategies for Added Value Biomass. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:411. [PMID: 37504942 PMCID: PMC10381400 DOI: 10.3390/md21070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae attract interest worldwide due to their potential for several applications. Scenedesmus is one of the first in vitro cultured algae due to their rapid growth and handling easiness. Within this genus, cells exhibit a highly resistant wall and propagate both auto- and heterotrophically. The main goal of the present work is to find scalable ways to produce a highly concentrated biomass of Scenedesmus rubescens in heterotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus rubescens growth was improved at the lab-scale by 3.2-fold (from 4.1 to 13 g/L of dry weight) through medium optimization by response surface methodology. Afterwards, scale-up was evaluated in 7 L stirred-tank reactor under fed-batch operation. Then, the optimized medium resulted in an overall productivity of 8.63 g/L/day and a maximum biomass concentration of 69.5 g/L. S. rubescens protein content achieved approximately 31% of dry weight, similar to the protein content of Chlorella vulgaris in heterotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Espírito Santo
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Margarida Costa
- Microalgae Section, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab-Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Trovão
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Helena Cardoso
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Carvalho
- GreenCoLab-Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Soares
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Nádia Correia
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Joana T Silva
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Marília Mateus
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana L Silva
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
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Oliveira J, Pardilhó S, Dias JM, Pires JCM. Microalgae to Bioenergy: Optimization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Saccharification. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:935. [PMID: 37508366 PMCID: PMC10376672 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising feedstock for bioethanol production, essentially due to their high growth rates and absence of lignin. Hydrolysis-where the monosaccharides are released for further fermentation-is considered a critical step, and its optimization is advised for each raw material. The present study focuses on the thermal acid hydrolysis (with sulfuric acid) of Aurantiochytrium sp. through a response surface methodology (RSM), studying the effect of acid concentration, hydrolysis time and biomass/acid ratio on both sugar concentration of the hydrolysate and biomass conversion yield. Preliminary studies allowed to establish the range of the variables to be optimized. The obtained models predicted a maximum sugar concentration (18.05 g/L; R2 = 0.990) after 90 min of hydrolysis, using 15% (w/v) biomass/acid ratio and sulfuric acid at 3.5% (v/v), whereas the maximum conversion yield (12.86 g/100 g; R2 = 0.876) was obtained using 9.3% (w/v) biomass/acid ratio, maintaining the other parameters. Model outputs indicate that the biomass/acid ratio and time are the most influential parameters on the sugar concentration and yield models, respectively. The study allowed to obtain a predictive model that is very well adjusted to the experimental data to find the best saccharification conditions for the Aurantiochytrium sp. microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Oliveira
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pardilhó
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M Dias
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José C M Pires
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Reboleira J, Félix R, Félix C, de Melo MMR, Silva CM, Saraiva JA, Bandarra NM, Teixeira B, Mendes R, Paulo MC, Coutinho J, Lemos MFL. Evaluating the Potential of the Defatted By-Product of Aurantiochytrium sp. Industrial Cultivation as a Functional Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123058. [PMID: 34945609 PMCID: PMC8701938 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While Aurantiochytrium sp. is an increasingly popular source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), its extraction generates high amounts of waste, including the spent, defatted residue. The composition and bioactivities of this by-product could prove to be a major part of the sustainable valorisation of this organism within the framework of a circular economy. In this study, the defatted biomass of commercial Aurantiochytrium sp. was nutritionally characterised, and its amino acid profile was detailed. Additionally, the antioxidant and prebiotic potentials of an enzymatically digested sample of defatted Aurantiochytrium sp. were evaluated under a set of miniaturised in vitro assays. The nutritional profile of the spent Aurantiochytrium biomass revealed a protein and dietary-fibre rich product, with values reaching 26.7% and 31.0% for each, respectively. It also held high concentrations of glutamic and aspartic acid, as well as a favourable lysine/arginine ratio of 3.73. The digested samples demonstrated significant Weissela cibaria and Bifidobacterium bifidum growth-enhancing potential. Residual ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity was likely attributed to antioxidant amino acids or peptides. The study demonstrated that some of the nutritional and functional potential that reside in the defatted Aurantiochytrium sp. waste encourages additional studies and the development of food supplements employing this resource's by-products under a biorefinery framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Reboleira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (J.R.); (R.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (J.R.); (R.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (J.R.); (R.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Marcelo M. R. de Melo
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.M.R.d.M.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Carlos M. Silva
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.M.R.d.M.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.M.B.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Teixeira
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.M.B.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rogério Mendes
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.M.B.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Paulo
- Depsiextracta Tecnologias e Biológicas, Lda., Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca Rua H, Lote 62, 2100-057 Coruche, Portugal; (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Joana Coutinho
- Depsiextracta Tecnologias e Biológicas, Lda., Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca Rua H, Lote 62, 2100-057 Coruche, Portugal; (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (J.R.); (R.F.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Bioprospecting of thraustochytrids for omega-3 fatty acids: A sustainable approach to reduce dependency on animal sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sustainable production of food grade omega-3 oil using aquatic protists: Reliability and future horizons. N Biotechnol 2021; 62:32-39. [PMID: 33486117 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological production of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has become a commercial alternative to fish oil in the past twenty years. Compared to PUFA production by fatty fishes, that from microorganisms has increased due to its promising sustainability and high product safety and to increasing awareness in the expanding vegan market. Although autotrophic production by microalgae seems to be more sustainable in the long term, to date most of the microbial production of omega-3 is carried out under heterotrophic conditions using conventional fermentation technologies. The present review critically analyzes the main reasons for this discrepancy and reports on the recent advances and the most promising approaches for its future development in the context of sustainability and circular economy.
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