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Atia-Tul-Noor, Kumar S, Schirmel N, Erk B, Manschwetus B, Alisaukas S, Braune M, Cirmi G, Czwalinna MK, Frühling U, Grosse-Wortmann U, Kschuev N, Kuschewski F, Lang T, Lindenblatt H, Litvinyuk I, Meister S, Moshammer R, Papadopoulou CC, Passow C, Roensch-Schulenburg J, Trost F, Hartl I, Düsterer S, Schulz S. Sub-50 fs temporal resolution in an FEL-optical laser pump-probe experiment at FLASH2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6597-6608. [PMID: 38439359 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
High temporal resolution is essential for ultra-fast pump-probe experiments. Arrival time jitter and drift measurements, as well as their control, become critical especially when combining XUV or X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) with optical lasers due to the large scale of such facilities and their distinct pulse generation processes. This paper presents the application of a laser pulse arrival time monitor that actively corrects the arrival time of an optical laser relative to the FEL's main optical clock. Combined with post-analysis single pulse jitter correction this new approach improves the temporal resolution for pump-probe experiments significantly. Benchmark measurements on photo-ionization of xenon atoms performed at FLASH beamline FL26, demonstrate a sub-50 fs FWHM overall temporal resolution.
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Schnorr K, Belina M, Augustin S, Lindenblatt H, Liu Y, Meister S, Pfeifer T, Schmid G, Treusch R, Trost F, Slavíˇek P, Moshammer R. Direct tracking of ultrafast proton transfer in water dimers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7864. [PMID: 37436977 PMCID: PMC10337913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon ionization, water forms a highly acidic radical cation H2O+· that undergoes ultrafast proton transfer (PT)-a pivotal step in water radiation chemistry, initiating the production of reactive H3O+, OH[Formula: see text] radicals, and a (hydrated) electron. Until recently, the time scales, mechanisms, and state-dependent reactivity of ultrafast PT could not be directly traced. Here, we investigate PT in water dimers using time-resolved ion coincidence spectroscopy applying a free-electron laser. An extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pump photon initiates PT, and only dimers that have undergone PT at the instance of the ionizing XUV probe photon result in distinct H3O+ + OH+ pairs. By tracking the delay-dependent yield and kinetic energy release of these ion pairs, we measure a PT time of (55 ± 20) femtoseconds and image the geometrical rearrangement of the dimer cations during and after PT. Our direct measurement shows good agreement with nonadiabatic dynamics simulations for the initial PT and allows us to benchmark nonadiabatic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Schnorr
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michal Belina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yifan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schmid
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petr Slavíˇek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Dreimann M, Wahlert F, Eckermann D, Rosenthal F, Roling S, Reiker T, Kuhlmann M, Toleikis S, Brachmanski M, Treusch R, Plönjes E, Siemer B, Zacharias H. The soft X-ray and XUV split-and-delay unit at beamlines FL23/24 at FLASH2. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:479-489. [PMID: 36891862 PMCID: PMC10000806 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A split-and-delay unit for the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral regions has been built which enables time-resolved experiments at beamlines FL23 and FL24 at the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH). Geometric wavefront splitting at a sharp edge of a beam splitting mirror is applied to split the incoming soft X-ray pulse into two beams. Ni and Pt coatings at grazing incidence angles have been chosen in order to cover the whole spectral range of FLASH2 and beyond, up to hν = 1800 eV. In the variable beam path with a grazing incidence angle of ϑd = 1.8°, the total transmission (T) ranges are of the order of 0.48 < T < 0.84 for hν < 100 eV and T > 0.50 for 100 eV < hν < 650 eV with the Ni coating, and T > 0.06 for hν < 1800 eV for the Pt coating. For a fixed beam path with a grazing incidence angle of ϑf = 1.3°, a transmission of T > 0.61 with the Ni coating and T > 0.23 with a Pt coating is achieved. Soft X-ray pump/soft X-ray probe experiments are possible within a delay range of -5 ps < Δt < +18 ps with a nominal time resolution of tr = 66 as and a measured timing jitter of tj = 121 ± 2 as. First experiments with the split-and-delay unit determined the averaged coherence time of FLASH2 to be τc = 1.75 fs at λ = 8 nm, measured at a purposely reduced coherence of the free-electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dreimann
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Wahlert
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Eckermann
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenthal
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Reiker
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Brachmanski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Appi E, Papadopoulou CC, Mapa JL, Jusko C, Mosel P, Schoenberg A, Stock J, Feigl T, Ališauskas S, Lang T, Heyl CM, Manschwetus B, Brachmanski M, Braune M, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Meister S, Schoch P, Trabattoni A, Calegari F, Treusch R, Moshammer R, Hartl I, Morgner U, Kovacev M. Synchronized beamline at FLASH2 based on high-order harmonic generation for two-color dynamics studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:123004. [PMID: 34972439 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, integration, and operation of the novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline installed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH. The VUV source is based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gas and is driven by an optical laser system synchronized with the timing structure of the FEL. Ultrashort pulses in the spectral range from 10 to 40 eV are coupled with the FEL in the beamline FL26, which features a reaction microscope (REMI) permanent endstation for time-resolved studies of ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular targets. The connection of the high-pressure gas HHG source to the ultra-high vacuum FEL beamline requires a compact and reliable system, able to encounter the challenging vacuum requirements and coupling conditions. First commissioning results show the successful operation of the beamline, reaching a VUV focused beam size of about 20 µm at the REMI endstation. Proof-of-principle photo-electron momentum measurements in argon indicate the source capabilities for future two-color pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Appi
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - J L Mapa
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - C Jusko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - P Mosel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - J Stock
- Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen 73446, Germany
| | - T Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | - T Lang
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - H Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - F Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - S Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - P Schoch
- Institut für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - I Hartl
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - U Morgner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - M Kovacev
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
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