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Hasanudin H, Asri WR, Andini L, Riyanti F, Mara A, Hadiah F, Fanani Z. Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38923-38932. [PMID: 36340067 PMCID: PMC9631405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this preliminary research, the catalytic activity of isopropyl alcohol conversion to diisopropyl ether through dehydration reaction catalyzed by zeolite-Ni and zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 was comparatively described. The natural zeolite was treated with 1% HF and 6 N HCl prior to modifications using the impregnation method. Isopropyl alcohol conversion was examined at a mild temperature of 150 °C for 3.5 h on the reflux system with various catalyst loadings. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of nickel and nickel phosphate into the zeolite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a cubic-like structure on zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2, whereas homogenously distributed nickel species were observed on the zeolite-Ni catalyst. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis reinforced the accomplishment of zeolite modifications. The N2 physisorption isotherms showed a decline in the surface area and total pore volume of the zeolite because of the blocking of pores. The zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst had higher acidity than unmodified zeolite and zeolite-Ni catalysts, which inherently suggested that the presence of phosphate groups results in higher catalytic activity toward isopropyl alcohol. The highest catalytic activity was attained by 8 mEq/g metal loading zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 with isopropyl alcohol conversion of 81.51%, diisopropyl ether yield, and selectivity of 40.77 and 33.16%. The reusability study suggested that the zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst was still active and had sufficient catalytic activity stability toward isopropyl alcohol after the third cycle was reused. This nickel phosphate-based modified zeolite was adequately potential for diisopropyl ether production through isopropyl alcohol dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanudin Hasanudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- . Phone: +6281367471272
| | - Wan Ryan Asri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Lola Andini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Fahma Riyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Ady Mara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Hadiah
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas
Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Zainal Fanani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
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