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Li N, Niu X, Li L, Wang H, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhu C, Zai H, Bai Y, Ma S, Liu H, Liu X, Guo Z, Liu G, Fan R, Chen H, Wang J, Lun Y, Wang X, Hong J, Xie H, Jakob DS, Xu XG, Chen Q, Zhou H. Liquid medium annealing for fabricating durable perovskite solar cells with improved reproducibility. Science 2021; 373:561-567. [PMID: 34326239 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solution processing of semiconductors is highly promising for the high-throughput production of cost-effective electronics and optoelectronics. Although hybrid perovskites have potential in various device applications, challenges remain in the development of high-quality materials with simultaneously improved processing reproducibility and scalability. Here, we report a liquid medium annealing (LMA) technology that creates a robust chemical environment and constant heating field to modulate crystal growth over the entire film. Our method produces films with high crystallinity, fewer defects, desired stoichiometry, and overall film homogeneity. The resulting perovskite solar cells (PSCs) yield a stabilized power output of 24.04% (certified 23.7%, 0.08 cm2) and maintain 95% of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 2000 hours of operation. In addition, the 1-cm2 PSCs exhibit a stabilized power output of 23.15% (certified PCE 22.3%) and keep 90% of their initial PCE after 1120 hours of operation, which illustrates their feasibility for scalable fabrication. LMA is less climate dependent and produces devices in-house with negligible performance variance year round. This method thus opens a new and effective avenue to improving the quality of perovskite films and photovoltaic devices in a scalable and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxu Li
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Niu
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Centre, Chongqing 401120, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huachao Zai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xixia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Liu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rundong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuo Lun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, P.R. China
| | - Devon S Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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Xiao K, Huang Q, Luo J, Tang H, Xu A, Wang P, Ren H, Qin D, Xu W, Wang D. Efficient Nanocrystal Photovoltaics via Blade Coating Active Layer. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061522. [PMID: 34207563 PMCID: PMC8226763 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CdTe semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) solar cells have attracted much attention in recent year due to their low-cost solution fabrication process. However, there are still few reports about the fabrication of large area NC solar cells under ambient conditions. Aiming to push CdTe NC solar cells one step forward to the industry, this study used a novel blade coating technique to fabricate CdTe NC solar cells with different areas (0.16, 0.3, 0.5 cm2) under ambient conditions. By optimizing the deposition parameters of the CdTe NC's active layer, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NC solar cells showed a large improvement. Compared to the conventional spin-coated device, a lower post-treatment temperature is required by blade coated NC solar cells. Under the optimal deposition conditions, the NC solar cells with 0.16, 0.3, and 0.5 cm2 areas exhibited PCEs of 3.58, 2.82, and 1.93%, respectively. More importantly, the NC solar cells fabricated via the blading technique showed high stability where almost no efficiency degradation appeared after keeping the devices under ambient conditions for over 18 days. This is promising for low-cost, roll-by-roll, and large area industrial fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Qichuan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Huansong Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Ao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Donghuan Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (D.Q.); (W.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (D.Q.); (W.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.X.); (Q.H.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (A.X.); (P.W.); (H.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (D.Q.); (W.X.); (D.W.)
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