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Zhang H, Ma Y, Liao K, Yang W, Liu Z, Ding D, Yan H, Li W, Zhang L. Rydberg atom electric field sensing for metrology, communication and hybrid quantum systems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1515-1535. [PMID: 38614855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade. A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics, such as intensity sensitivity, bandwidth, phase, and accuracy. The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) are fundamental physics principles behind the stage. Furthermore, various techniques such as amplitude- or frequency-modulation, optical homodyne read-out, microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels. In this review, different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented, hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaiyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongsheng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Wenhui Li
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Linjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
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He J, Wang X, Wen X, Wang J. Stochastic switching in the Rydberg atomic ensemble. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33682-33689. [PMID: 33115027 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated stochastic switching in a bistable system implemented with the Rydberg atomic ensemble, which is realized by cascaded Rydberg excitation in a cesium vapor cell. Measurement of Rydberg state's population by means of the electromagnetically induced transparency allows us to investigate the nonlinear behavior in Rydberg atomic ensemble experimentally. The transition between the two states of the bistable system is driven by the intensity noise of the laser beams. Rydberg atomic ensemble accumulates energy in an equilibrium situation and brings the nonlinear system across the threshold, where stochastic switching occurs between the two states.
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