1
|
Morales CN, Morales-Máximo M, López-Sosa LB, López-Miranda A. Electron Microscopy Characterization of Stubble Residues (Zea mays) as a Solid Biofuel. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:90-91. [PMID: 37613166 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy N Morales
- Maestría en Sostenibilidad para el Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Mario Morales-Máximo
- Maestría en Sostenibilidad para el Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
- Maestría en Ingeniería para la Sostenibilidad Energética, Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis Bernardo López-Sosa
- Maestría en Sostenibilidad para el Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
- Maestría en Ingeniería para la Sostenibilidad Energética, Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Armando López-Miranda
- Dirección de Materiales de Referencia, Centro Nacional de Metrología, Queretaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jadwisieńczak K, Obidziński S, Choszcz D. Assessment of the Physical and Energetic Properties of Fuel Pellets Made from Sage Waste Biomass with the Addition of Rye Bran. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:58. [PMID: 36614397 PMCID: PMC9821062 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rye bran addition on the pelleting process of sage waste biomass, and the quality and energetic properties of fuel pellets. The pelleting process was conducted on an SS-4 test stand equipped with a P-300 pelletizer with flat die roller compactors. The addition of 20% rye bran reduced the pelletizer's power/energy consumption from 3.75 kW/107 kWh t-1 (0% rye bran content) to 3.19 kW/91 kWh t-1, decreased physical and bulk density, and increased the pellet durability index (PDI). The higher heating value-HHV (19.39 MJ kg-1 at 10% humidity) and the lower heating value-LHV (18.17 MJ kg-1) of sage waste biomass indicate that this plant material is highly suitable for heat generation. The addition of 20% rye bran decreased HHV by 2.07% and LHV by 2.67%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jadwisieńczak
- Department of Heavy Duty Machines and Research Methodology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sławomir Obidziński
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Choszcz
- Department of Heavy Duty Machines and Research Methodology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sintering and Fusibility Risks of Pellet Ash from Different Sources at Different Combustion Temperatures. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15145026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pellets are solid biofuels with a combustion efficiency of 85–90%, low CO2 emissions and costs, great comfort and versatility. However, the ash generated during combustion can present sintering and fusibility, decreasing boiler efficiency and potentially malfunctioning. Ash composition indexes can be useful to predict observed ash sintering and fusion but require further analysis for a variety of feedstocks. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the mineral composition of pellet ash from 15 biomasses of forest and agro-industrial sources on observed pellet ash slagging using a laboratory test. The chemical composition of pellets and the indexes B, NaK/B, SiP/CaMg and SiPNaK/CaMg at 550 and 1000 °C were determined. Pearson correlation tests were also performed between cumulative percentages of slag at different sieve sizes. The concentrations of CaO ranged from 4.49 to 65.95%, MgO varied from 1.99 to 17.61%, and the SiO2 concentration was between 16.11 and 28.24% and 2.19–56.75% at 550 and 1000 °C, respectively. Pellets of forest origin presented a low risk of slag formation, while those from agro-industrial sources showed a high risk of slag formation. The index SiPNaK/CaMg showed the highest correlation (R2 > 0.75) to observed slagging using the BioSlag test.
Collapse
|
4
|
Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the energy potential of pine wood waste for the production of solid biofuels, and was carried out in an indigenous community in the state of Michoacán. One of the main economic activities of this community is the production of handcrafted furniture, which generates a large amount of wood waste. The most relevant results obtained in this research show that the community generates approximately 2268 kg of sawdust and 5418 kg of shavings per week, and the estimated energy potential per year for both sawdust is 1.94 PJ and for shaving is 4.65 PJ. Based on the particle size observed, the wood residue can be used to generate pellets or briquettes. Other average results in sawdust and (shavings) are the following: initial moisture content 15.3% (16.8%), apparent density 169.23 kg/m3 (49.25 kg/m3), ash 0.43% (0.42%), volatile material 84.9% (83.60%), fixed carbon 14.65% (15.96%), hemicelluloses 12.89% (10.68%), cellulose 52.68% (52.82%), lignin 26.73% (25.98%), extractives 7.69% (10.51%), calorific value 17.6 MJ/kg (17.9 MJ/kg). The major chemical elements in the ash were Al, K. Fe, Ca, P, Na, and Mg. Finally, the results obtained indicate that this biomass can be used to generate pellets or briquettes in this indigenous community.
Collapse
|
5
|
Feasibility Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grain for Energy Use: Waste and Experimental Pellets. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Waste production is increasing every day as a consequence of human activities; thus, its valorization is becoming more important. For this purpose, the usage of wastes as biofuels is one of the most important aspects of sustainable strategies. This is the case of the main waste generated in brewing industries: brewers’ spent grain (BSG). In this sector, microbreweries are not able to properly manage the wastes that they generate due to lack of space. Consequently, the transformation of BSG to a high-quality biofuel might be an interesting option for this kind of small industry. In this work, we carried out a physical-energy characterization of BSG, as well as pellets from this waste. The initial characterization showed slightly unfavorable results concerning N and ash, with values of 3.76% and 3.37% db, respectively. Nevertheless, the physical characterization of the pellets was very good, with acceptable bulk density (662.96 kg·m−3 wb) and low heating value (LHV; 17.65 MJ·kg−1 wb), among others. This situation is very favorable for any of the intended uses (for energy use or animal feed, among others).
Collapse
|
6
|
Santana DAR, Scatolino MV, Lima MDR, de Oliveira Barros Junior U, Garcia DP, Andrade CR, de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro A, Trugilho PF, de Paula Protásio T. Pelletizing of lignocellulosic wastes as an environmentally friendly solution for the energy supply: insights on the properties of pellets from Brazilian biomasses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11598-11617. [PMID: 33128146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the circular bioeconomy and cleaner production, the incorporation of the by-products of plant biomass production in the bioenergy chain is fundamental. However, lignocellulosic wastes have properties that hinder their use for the production of biofuels. This study aims to evaluate how blends of lignocellulosic wastes improve the physical, chemical, and mechanical quality of pellets destined to the industrial sector, and to identify the challenges associated with the use of agroforestry biomass as raw material for pelletizing. Pellets were produced from blends of soybean wastes, sorghum wastes, pine needles, rice powder, Eucalyptus sawdust, and charcoal fines. Additionally, pure pellets composed of soybean wastes, sugarcane bagasse, and pine wood were evaluated. The effect of biomass type on the energy density, ash content, net heating value, and ultimate analysis was significant. The pellets produced with soybean wastes presented high contents of N (3.5-4.9%) and ashes (16.4-26.7%), besides low mechanical durability (≤ 96%), hindering its commercialization for industrial purposes. Pellets with sugarcane bagasse presented N (1.5%), S (0.03%), ashes (5.6%), mechanical durability (96.6%), and net heating value (15.1 MJ kg-1), suitable for industrial energy use in accordance with ISO 17225-6. The high N and ash contents and the low mechanical durability are the greatest challenges for the energy use of pellets produced from Brazilian agroforestry wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mário Vanoli Scatolino
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Douglas Roque Lima
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Rogério Andrade
- Federal University of Jataí - UFJ, Campus of Jatobá, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Fernando Trugilho
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Paula Protásio
- Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA, Campus of Parauapebas, Parauapebas, Pará, CEP 68515-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|