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Alford M, Udugama I, Yu W, Young B. Flexible digital twins from commercial off-the-shelf software solutions: a driver for energy efficiency and decarbonisation in process industries? CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The term ‘digital twin’ refers to a virtual simulation/model (virtual twin) of a physical plant or object (physical twin), where data flows between the virtual and physical twins. A digital twin can be used for different purposes, such as process optimisation/control, design, training, and maintenance/service. This manuscript found an increasing number of simulation and modelling publications in literature year on year, which illustrates the current trend towards implementing digital twins in a broad range of process engineering applications. A targeted literature review into the area found several commercial off-the-shelf software solutions (COTS) for different industrial applications providing the necessary flexibility to analyse a broad range of industries. However, most of the process modelling software is designed for petroleum and fine chemicals processes. There is still a need for software solutions that can model a broader range of applications. While most of the software found was licensed, open source process modelling software was also available. There is a lack of independent research into the accuracy of these software solutions. The literature review also found that 37% of the research based on process simulations is carried out to improve energy efficiencies. In comparison, 27% of the research found Decarbonization to be a secondary "added" benefit. It can be concluded that digital twins are ideally suited for driving energy efficiency improvements and decarbonisation goals. However, none of the COTS identified in the literature meets all the requirements for a digital twin. A solution to this problem is to create a layered digital twin, combining and interfacing different tools to accomplish a visually similar, self-optimising, self-learning virtual plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Alford
- Chemical and Materials Engineering , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Isuru Udugama
- The Department of Chemical Systems Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Wei Yu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Brent Young
- Chemical and Materials Engineering , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Abstract
Free and open-source hardware (FOSH) development has been shown to increase innovation and reduce economic costs. This article reviews the opportunity to use FOSH as a sanction to undercut imports and exports from a target criminal country. A formal methodology is presented for selecting strategic national investments in FOSH development to improve both national security and global safety. In this methodology, first the target country that is threatening national security or safety is identified. Next, the top imports from the target country as well as potentially other importing countries (allies) are quantified. Hardware is identified that could undercut imports/exports from the target country. Finally, methods to support the FOSH development are enumerated to support production in a commons-based peer production strategy. To demonstrate how this theoretical method works in practice, it is applied as a case study to a current criminal military aggressor nation, who is also a fossil-fuel exporter. The results show that there are numerous existing FOSH and opportunities to develop new FOSH for energy conservation and renewable energy to reduce fossil-fuel-energy demand. Widespread deployment would reduce the concomitant pollution, human health impacts, and environmental desecration as well as cut financing of military operations.
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Bamberg A, Urbas L, Bröcker S, Bortz M, Kockmann N. The Digital Twin – Your Ingenious Companion for Process Engineering and Smart Production. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bamberg
- Merck KGaA Process Development Frankfurter Strasse 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Leon Urbas
- Technische Universität Dresden AG Systemverfahrenstechnik Helmholtzstrasse 10 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sönke Bröcker
- Evonik Operations GmbH Rodenbacher Chaussee 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
| | - Michael Bortz
- Fraunhofer ITWM Abteilung Optimierung Fraunhofer-Platz 1 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund AG Apparatedesign Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
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