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Alexandrova LA, Oskolsky IA, Makarov DA, Jasko MV, Karpenko IL, Efremenkova OV, Vasilyeva BF, Avdanina DA, Ermolyuk AA, Benko EE, Kalinin SG, Kolganova TV, Berzina MY, Konstantinova ID, Chizhov AO, Kochetkov SN, Zhgun AA. New Biocides Based on N4-Alkylcytidines: Effects on Microorganisms and Application for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of Painting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3053. [PMID: 38474298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, capable of causing diseases in humans as destroying cultural heritage sites, is a great challenge for modern science. In this regard, it is necessary to develop fundamentally novel and highly active compounds. In this study, a series of N4-alkylcytidines, including 5- and 6-methylcytidine derivatives, with extended alkyl substituents, were obtained in order to develop a new generation of antibacterial and antifungal biocides based on nucleoside derivatives. It has been shown that N4-alkyl 5- or 6-methylcytidines effectively inhibit the growth of molds, isolated from the paintings in the halls of the Ancient Russian Paintings of the State Tretyakov Gallery, Russia, Moscow. The novel compounds showed activity similar to antiseptics commonly used to protect works of art, such as benzalkonium chloride, to which a number of microorganisms have acquired resistance. It was also shown that the activity of N4-alkylcytidines is comparable to that of some antibiotics used in medicine to fight Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis. N4-dodecyl-5- and 6-methylcytidines turned out to be the best. This compound seems promising for expanding the palette of antiseptics used in painting, since quite often the destruction of painting materials is caused by joint fungi and bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan A Oskolsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim V Jasko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Inna L Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Efremenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Byazilya F Vasilyeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Darya A Avdanina
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anna A Ermolyuk
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elizaveta E Benko
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Stanislav G Kalinin
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | | | - Maria Ya Berzina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina D Konstantinova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS 47 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Zhgun
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia
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2
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Zhgun AA. Fungal BGCs for Production of Secondary Metabolites: Main Types, Central Roles in Strain Improvement, and Regulation According to the Piano Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11184. [PMID: 37446362 PMCID: PMC10342363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes. Their regulation includes several levels, from pathway-specific regulators, whose genes are localized inside BGCs, to global regulators of the cell (taking into account changes in pH, carbon consumption, etc.) and global regulators of secondary metabolism (affecting epigenetic changes driven by velvet family proteins, LaeA, etc.). In addition, various low-molecular-weight substances can have a mediating effect on such regulatory processes. This review is devoted to a critical analysis of the available data on the "turning on" and "off" of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to signals in filamentous fungi. To describe the ongoing processes, the model of "piano regulation" is proposed, whereby pressing a certain key (signal) leads to the extraction of a certain sound from the "musical instrument of the fungus cell", which is expressed in the production of a specific secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Ramadan AMAA, Shehata RM, El-Sheikh HH, Ameen F, Stephenson SL, Zidan SAH, Al-Bedak OAM. Exploitation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Environmentally Sustainable Production, Purification, Characterization, and Application of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15760 under Solid-State Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104048. [PMID: 37241788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for identification, three strains of Aspergillus terreus were identified and designated AUMC 15760, AUMC 15762, and AUMC 15763 for the Assiut University Mycological Centre culture collection. The ability of the three strains to manufacture lovastatin in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The most potent strain was strain AUMC 15760, which was chosen to ferment nine types of lignocellulosic waste (barley bran, bean hay, date palm leaves, flax seeds, orange peels, rice straw, soy bean, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat bran), with sugarcane bagasse turning out to be the best substrate. After 10 days at pH 6.0 at 25 °C using sodium nitrate as the nitrogen source and a moisture content of 70%, the lovastatin output reached its maximum quantity (18.2 mg/g substrate). The medication was produced in lactone form as a white powder in its purest form using column chromatography. In-depth spectroscopy examination, including 1H, 13C-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, optical density, and LC-MS/MS analysis, as well as a comparison of the physical and spectroscopic data with published data, were used to identify the medication. At an IC50 of 69.536 ± 5.73 µM, the purified lovastatin displayed DPPH activity. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis had MICs of 1.25 mg/mL, whereas Candida albicans and Candida glabrata had MICs of 2.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL, respectively, against pure lovastatin. As a component of sustainable development, this study offers a green (environmentally friendly) method for using sugarcane bagasse waste to produce valuable chemicals and value-added commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M A A Ramadan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Reda M Shehata
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al Azhar University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Hussein H El-Sheikh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al Azhar University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven L Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Sabry A H Zidan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Alexandrova LA, Shevchenko OV, Jasko MV, Solyev PN, Karpenko IL, Negrya SD, Efremenkova OV, Vasilieva BF, Efimenko TA, Avdanina DA, Nuraeva GK, Potapov MP, Kukushkina VI, Kochetkov SN, Zhgun AA. 3′-Amino modifications enhance the antifungal properties of N4-alkyl-5-methylcytidines for potential biocides. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of 3′-modified N4-alkyl-5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidines has been synthesized and evaluated for biological activity. The replacement of the 3′-hydroxyl group with amino, aminoethyl and dialkylamino groups significantly enhances antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg V. Shevchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Jasko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel N. Solyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna L. Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey D. Negrya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Efremenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Byazilya F. Vasilieva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Efimenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya A. Avdanina
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulgina K. Nuraeva
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark P. Potapov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera I. Kukushkina
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Zhgun
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Zhgun AA, Eldarov MA. Polyamines Upregulate Cephalosporin C Production and Expression of β-Lactam Biosynthetic Genes in High-Yielding Acremonium chrysogenum Strain. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216636. [PMID: 34771045 PMCID: PMC8588317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-yielding production of pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi is obtained by random mutagenesis; such changes may be associated with shifts in the metabolism of polyamines. We have previously shown that, in the Acremonium chrysogenum cephalosporin C high-yielding strain (HY), the content of endogenous polyamines increased by four- to five-fold. Other studies have shown that the addition of exogenous polyamines can increase the production of target secondary metabolites in highly active fungal producers, in particular, increase the biosynthesis of β-lactams in the Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 strain, an improved producer of penicillin G. In the current study, we demonstrate that the introduction of exogenous polyamines, such as spermidine or 1,3-diaminopropane, to A. chrysogenum wild-type (WT) and HY strains, leads to an increase in colony germination and morphological changes in a complete agar medium. The addition of 5 mM polyamines during fermentation increases the production of cephalosporin C in the A. chrysogenum HY strain by 15-20% and upregulates genes belonging to the beta-lactam biosynthetic cluster. The data obtained indicate the intersection of the metabolisms of polyamines and beta-lactams in A. chrysogenum and are important for the construction of improved producers of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi.
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