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Buddin MMHS, Ahmad AL, Zainuddin MIF. Prediction of CO 2 Permeance across ZIF-L@PDMS/PES Composite Membrane. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:134. [PMID: 36837637 PMCID: PMC9966868 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current work predicted the permeance of CO2 across a ZIF-L@PDMS/PES composite membrane using two different models. The membrane was fabricated by dipping a PES hollow fiber membrane in a coating solution made using PDMS that contained ZIF-L. First, flat sheet ZIF-L@PDMS membranes were fabricated to verify the role of ZIF-L on the gas separation performance of the membrane. Based on the data, the presence of ZIF-L in the PDMS matrix allowed enhancement of both permeability and selectivity of CO2, where the maximum value was obtained at 1 wt% of ZIF-L. The performance of ZIF-L@PDMS layer, as a function of ZIF-L loading, was well-predicted by the Cussler model. Such information was then used to model the CO2 permeance across ZIF-L@PDMS/PES composite membrane via the correction factor, which was introduced in the resistance in series model. This work discovered that the model must consider the penetration depth and the inorganic loading (in the case of ZIF-L@PDMS/PES). The error between the predicted CO2 permeance and the experimental results was found to be minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meor Muhammad Hafiz Shah Buddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
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Medeiros GB, Lima FDA, de Almeida DS, Guerra VG, Aguiar ML. Modification and Functionalization of Fibers Formed by Electrospinning: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090861. [PMID: 36135880 PMCID: PMC9505773 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new materials with specific functionalities for certain applications has been increasing with the advent of nanotechnology. A technique widely used for this purpose is electrospinning, because control of several parameters involved in the process can yield nanoscale fibers. In addition to the production of innovative and small-scale materials, through structural, chemical, physical, and biological modifications in the fibers produced in electrospinning, it is possible to obtain specific properties for a given application. Thus, the produced fibers can serve different purposes, such as in the areas of sensors, catalysis, and environmental and medical fields. Given this context, this article presents a review of the electrospinning technique, addressing the parameters that influence the properties of the fibers formed and some techniques used to modify them as specific treatments that can be conducted during or after electrospinning. In situ addition of nanoparticles, changes in the configuration of the metallic collector, use of alternating current, electret fibers, core/shell method, coating, electrospray-coating, plasma, reinforcing composite materials, and thermal treatments are some of the examples addressed in this work. Therefore, this work contributes to a better comprehension of some of the techniques mentioned in the literature so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B. Medeiros
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235-SP 310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe de A. Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235-SP 310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. de Almeida
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Avenida dos Pioneiros, 3131, Londrina 86030-370, PR, Brazil
| | - Vádila G. Guerra
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235-SP 310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica L. Aguiar
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235-SP 310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
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Arruda LM, Moreira IP, Sanivada UK, Carvalho H, Fangueiro R. Development of Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets Screen-Printed on Woven and Knitted Fabrics: Optimisation of Active Layer Formulation and Transversal/Longitudinal Textile Direction. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155185. [PMID: 35897616 PMCID: PMC9369725 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although the force/pressure applied onto a textile substrate through a uniaxial compression is constant and independent of the yarn direction, it should be noted that such mechanical action causes a geometric change in the substrate, which can be identified by the reduction in its lateral thickness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the fabric orientation on both knitted and woven pressure sensors, in order to generate knowledge for a better design process during textile piezoresistive sensor development. For this purpose, these distinct textile structures were doped with different concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), using the screen-printing technique. The chemical and physical properties of these screen-printed fabrics were analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ground State Diffuse Reflectance and Raman Spectroscopy. Samples were subjected to tests determining linear electrical surface resistance and piezoresistive behaviour. In the results, a higher presence of conductive material was found in woven structures. For the doped samples, the electrical resistance varied between 105 Ω and 101 Ω, for the GNPs’ percentage increase. The lowest resistance value was observed for the woven fabric with 15% GNPs (3.67 ± 8.17 × 101 Ω). The samples showed different electrical behaviour according to the fabric orientation. Overall, greater sensitivity in the longitudinal direction and a lower coefficient of variation CV% of the measurement was identified in the transversal direction, coursewise for knitted and weftwise for woven fabrics. The woven fabric doped with 5% GNPs assembled in the weftwise direction was shown to be the most indicated for a piezoresistive sensor, due to its most uniform response and most accurate measure of mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Arruda
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Inês P. Moreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Helder Carvalho
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
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Recent Trends in Protective Textiles against Biological Threats: A Focus on Biological Warfare Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081599. [PMID: 35458353 PMCID: PMC9026340 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising threats to worldwide security (affecting the military, first responders, and civilians) urge us to develop efficient and versatile technological solutions to protect human beings. Soldiers, medical personnel, firefighters, and law enforcement officers should be adequately protected, so that their exposure to biological warfare agents (BWAs) is minimized, and infectious microorganisms cannot be spread so easily. Current bioprotective military garments include multilayered fabrics integrating activated carbon as a sorptive agent and a separate filtrating layer for passive protection. However, secondary contaminants emerge following their accumulation within the carbon filler. The clothing becomes too heavy and warm to wear, not breathable even, preventing the wearer from working for extended hours. Hence, a strong need exists to select and/or create selectively permeable layered fibrous structures with bioactive agents that offer an efficient filtering capability and biocidal skills, ensuring lightweightness, comfort, and multifunctionality. This review aims to showcase the main possibilities and trends of bioprotective textiles, focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO-based), and organic players such as chitosan (CS)-based small-scale particles and plant-derived compounds as bioactive agents. The textile itself should be further evaluated as the foundation for the barrier effect and in terms of comfort. The outputs of a thorough, standardized characterization should dictate the best elements for each approach.
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Costa SM, Fangueiro R, Ferreira DP. Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy: The Potentiality and Versatility of Electrospun Nanofibers. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100512. [PMID: 35247227 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising approach for the treatment of a broad range of diseases, including oncological and infectious diseases. This minimally invasive and localized therapy is based on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) able to destroy cancer cells and inactivate pathogens by combining the use of photosensitizers (PSs), light and molecular oxygen. To overcome the drawbacks of drug systemic administration, drug delivery systems (DDS) can be used to carrier the PSs, allowing higher therapeutic efficacy and minimal toxicological effects. Polymeric nanofibers produced by electrospinning emerged as powerful platforms for drug delivery applications. Electrospun nanofibers exhibit outstanding characteristics, such as large surface area to volume ratio associated with high drug loading, high porosity, flexibility, ability to incorporate and release a wide variety of therapeutic agents, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to the versatility of this technique, fibers with different morphologies and functionalities, including drug release profile can be produced. The possibility of scalability makes electrospinning even more attractive for the development of DDS. This review aims to explore and show an up to date of the huge potential of electrospun nanofibers as DDS for different PDT applications and discuss the opportunities and challenges in this field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Costa
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Diana P Ferreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
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Bazzi M, Shabani I, Mohandesi JA. Enhanced mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol electrospun nanofibers by incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104975. [PMID: 34823087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The subject of this paper is to develop a highly conductive Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)-Chitosan (CS)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (GNPs-CP) nanofibers with excellent mechanical properties. An experimental study was designed to produce nanofibers based on CP nanofibers as matrix and GNPs as reinforcement materials. The microstructure and the surface morphology of the electrospun nanofibers along with their electrical and mechanical properties were examined to study the effect of GNPs content. The SEM results showed that the gradual increase in GNPs content led to a porous web like morphology with no bead. There is a decrease in the diameter of nanofibers by increasing the concentration of GNPs to 1 wt% GNPs from 370 ± 40 nm for CP blend to 144 ± 18 nm for 1 wt% GNPs. Transmission electron microscopy results depicted that GNPs were dispersed uniformly confirmed by the absence of characteristic peak of graphite at 2θ = 26.5°. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results indicate the occurrence of a few interactions between GNPs and CP matrix. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement demonstrated that increasing GNPs content increased the specific surface area of nanofibers from 238.377 to 386.708 m2/g for 0 and 1 wt% GNPs content. The test results also show that the presence of GNPs considerably enhances tensile strength, elastic modulus and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the toughness of GNPs-CP nanofibers including 1 wt% GNPs significantly improved (12-fold) compared to the one for CP nanofibers. So, the proposed composite provides a decent functionality for nanofibers as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Bazzi
- Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Shabani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Aghazadeh Mohandesi
- Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
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Pais V, Mota C, Bessa J, Dias JG, Cunha F, Fangueiro R. Study of the Filtration Performance of Multilayer and Multiscale Fibrous Structures. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237147. [PMID: 34885301 PMCID: PMC8658242 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of small-diameter particles in the air has increased in recent decades, the development of efficient filtration systems is both urgent and necessary. Nanotechnology, more precisely, electrospun nanofibres, has been identified as a potential solution for this issue, since it allows for the production of membranes with high rates of fibres per unit area, increasing the probability of nanoparticle collision and consequent retention. In the present study, the electrospinning technique of polyamide nanofibre production was optimized with the variation of parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and needle diameter. The optimized polyamide nanofibres were combined with polypropylene and polyester microfibres to construct a multilayer and multiscale system with an increased filtration efficiency. We observed that the penetration value of the multilayer system with a PA membrane in the composition, produced for 20 min in the electrospinning, is 2.7 times smaller than the penetration value of the system with the absence of micro and nano fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Pais
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Mota
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Bessa
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando Cunha
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
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Araújo JC, Fangueiro R, Ferreira DP. Protective Multifunctional Fibrous Systems Based on Natural Fibers and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2654. [PMID: 34451193 PMCID: PMC8402111 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an unprecedented increase in the development of products and technologies to protect the human being has been observed. Now, more than ever, the world population is exposed to several threats, harmful to their well-being and health. Chemical and biological hazardous agents stand out as one of the biggest threats, not only for the military forces, but also for the civilians. Consequently, it's essential to develop personal protective systems that are able to protect their user, not only passively, but actively, being able to detect, adsorb, degrade and decontaminate pesticides, pollutants, microorganisms and most importantly: chemical/biological warfare agents. One recent strategy for the development of active fibrous structures with improved functions and new properties is their functionalization with nanoparticles (NPs), especially metal oxides. Although their known effectiveness in the decomposition of harmful agents, the NPs could also include other functionalities in the same structure using low quantities of material, without adding extra weight, which is of huge importance for a soldier in the battlefield. The use of natural fibers as the substrate is also very interesting, since this material is a much sustainable alternative when compared to synthetic ones, also providing excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Araújo
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana P Ferreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
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