Antidiabetic, Anticholesterol, and Antioxidant Activity of Gryllusbimaculatus Fermented by Bacillus and Lactobacillus Strains

Inhibition of DPP-IV Activity and Stimulation of GLP-1 Release by Gastrointestinally Digested Black Soldier Fly Prepupae

The beneficial effects of an insect-based diet on human health and, in particular, the regulatory ability of digested insects' proteins on the glycaemic response in humans are topics that need to be investigated deeper. In this work, we performed an in vitro study on the modulatory activity of gastrointestinal digested black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae on the enterohormone GLP-1 and its natural inhibitor, DPP-IV. We verified whether actions intended to valorise the starting insect biomass, i.e., insect-optimised growth substrates and prior fermentation, can positively impact human health. Our results highlight that the digested BSF proteins from all the prepupae samples had a high stimulatory and inhibitory ability on the GLP-1 secretion and the DPP-IV enzyme in the human GLUTag cell line. Gastrointestinal digestion significantly improved the DPP-IV inhibitory capacity of the whole insect protein. Moreover, it was seen that optimised diets or fermentation processes preceding the digestion, in any case, did not positively affect the efficacy of the answer. BSF was already considered one of the edible insects more suitable for human consumption for its optimal nutritional profile. The BSF bioactivity here shown, after simulated digestion, on glycaemic control systems makes this species even more promising.

Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria with potential probiotic activity and further investigation of their activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions of fermented batters

Probiotic microbiota plays a vital role in gastrointestinal health and possesses other beneficial attributes such as antimicrobial and antibiotic agents along with a significant role in the management of diabetes. The present study identifies the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from three traditionally fermented foods namely, jalebi, medhu vada, and kallappam batters at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. By 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, the isolates were identified. A similarity of >98% to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus RAMULAB13, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RAMULAB14, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus RAMULAB15, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RAMULAB16, Lacticaseibacillus casei RAMULAB17, Lacticaseibacillus casei RAMULAB20, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RAMULAB21 was suggested when searched for homology using NCBI database. Utilizing the cell-free supernatant (CS), intact cells (IC), and cell-free extract (CE) of the isolates, inhibitory potential activity against the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase was assessed. CS, CE, and IC of the isolates had a varying capability of inhibition against α-glucosidase (15.08 to 59.55%) and α-amylase (18.79 to 63.42%) enzymes. To assess the probiotic potential of seven isolates, various preliminary characteristics were examined. All the isolates exhibited substantial tolerance toward gastrointestinal conditions and also demonstrated the highest survival rate (> 99%), hydrophobicity (> 65%), aggregation (> 76%), adherence to HT-29 cells (> 84%), and chicken crop epithelial cells suggesting that the isolates had a high probiotic attribute. Additionally, the strains showed remarkable results in safety assessment assays (DNase and hemolytic), and antibacterial and antibiotic evaluations. The study concludes that the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) characterized possesses outstanding probiotic properties and has antidiabetic effects. In order to obtain various health advantages, LAB can be utilized as probiotic supplements.

Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Activity of Gryllus bimaculatus Water Extract on Non-Small Cancer Lung Cell via Apoptosis

Gryllus bimaculatus, traditionally used in oriental medicine, demonstrates functional and pharmacological potential through demonstrating immunomodulatory, hepato-protective properties, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined the effect of G. bimaculatus on cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. This is the first study to examine the anti-cancer effects of G. bimaculatus extracts on non-small cell lung cancer. Frozen G. bimaculatus was obtained, homogenized, and dissolved in distilled water. Using a freeze dryer, samples were concentrated until almost all the water was removed, and extracts were diluted in solutions of phosphate buffered saline. Anti-cancer effects of extracts on human non-small cancer lung cells were estimated based on cell cytotoxicity, western blot, and flow cytometry, using lipopolysaccharides as a positive control. H460 and A549 human non-small cell cancer lung cells were treated with G. bimaculatus water extracts of various concentrations, with lipopolysaccharide used as a pos-itive control. The results showed that treatment with the extract for 24 or 48 h inhibited H460 proliferation, demonstrated by reduced cell numbers with morphological changes. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the extracts induced cell death on H460. However, extracts did not show cytotoxic effects on A549 cells. In conclusion, the extract induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells, possibly via caspase, Bcl-2 family signaling pathways. Therefore, G. bimaculatus water extracts are safe and efficient natural materials that may have great potential in the treatment of lung cancer.