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Saiapina OY, Berketa K, Sverstiuk AS, Fayura L, Sibirny AA, Dzyadevych S, Soldatkin OO. Adaptation of Conductometric Monoenzyme Biosensor for Rapid Quantitative Analysis of L-arginine in Dietary Supplements. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4672. [PMID: 39066069 PMCID: PMC11281210 DOI: 10.3390/s24144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study reports on the development, adaptation, and optimization of a novel monoenzyme conductometric biosensor based on a recombinant arginine deiminase (ADI) for the determination of arginine in dietary supplements with a high accuracy of results. Aiming for the highly sensitive determination of arginine in real samples, we studied the effect of parameters of the working buffer solution (its pH, buffer capacity, ionic strength, temperature, and protein concentration) on the sensitivity of the biosensor to arginine. Thus, it was determined that the optimal buffer is a 5 mM phosphate buffer solution with pH 6.2, and the optimal temperature is 39.5 °C. The linear functioning range is 2.5-750 µM of L-arginine with a minimal limit of detection of 2 µM. The concentration of arginine in food additive samples was determined using the developed ADI-based biosensor. Based on the obtained results, the most effective method of biosensor analysis using the method of standard additions was chosen. It was also checked how the reproducibility of the biosensor changes during the analysis of pharmaceutical samples. The results of the determination of arginine in real samples using a conductometric biosensor based on ADI clearly correlated with the data obtained using the method of ion-exchange chromatography and enzymatic spectrophotometric analysis. We concluded that the developed biosensor would be effective for the accurate and selective determination of arginine in dietary supplements intended for the prevention and/or elimination of arginine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Saiapina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnyi Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.Y.S.); (S.D.); (O.O.S.)
| | - Kseniia Berketa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnyi Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.Y.S.); (S.D.); (O.O.S.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, 01003 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii S. Sverstiuk
- Department of Medical Informatics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli Str., 1, 46002 Ternopil, Ukraine
- Department of Computer Sciences, Ternopil National Ivan Puluj Technical University, Rus’ka Str., 56, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Lyubov Fayura
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (L.F.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Andriy A. Sibirny
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (L.F.); (A.A.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Rzeszow University, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sergei Dzyadevych
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnyi Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.Y.S.); (S.D.); (O.O.S.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, 01003 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Soldatkin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnyi Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.Y.S.); (S.D.); (O.O.S.)
- Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Beresteyskyi ave. 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Biological importance of arginine: A comprehensive review of the roles in structure, disorder, and functionality of peptides and proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128646. [PMID: 38061507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Arginine shows Jekyll and Hyde behavior in several respects. It participates in protein folding via ionic and H-bonds and cation-pi interactions; the charge and hydrophobicity of its side chain make it a disorder-promoting amino acid. Its methylation in histones; RNA binding proteins; chaperones regulates several cellular processes. The arginine-centric modifications are important in oncogenesis and as biomarkers in several cardiovascular diseases. The cross-links involving arginine in collagen and cornea are involved in pathogenesis of tissues but have also been useful in tissue engineering and wound-dressing materials. Arginine is a part of active site of several enzymes such as GTPases, peroxidases, and sulfotransferases. Its metabolic importance is obvious as it is involved in production of urea, NO, ornithine and citrulline. It can form unusual functional structures such as molecular tweezers in vitro and sprockets which engage DNA chains as part of histones in vivo. It has been used in design of cell-penetrating peptides as drugs. Arginine has been used as an excipient in both solid and injectable drug formulations; its role in suppressing opalescence due to liquid-liquid phase separation is particularly very promising. It has been known as a suppressor of protein aggregation during protein refolding. It has proved its usefulness in protein bioseparation processes like ion-exchange, hydrophobic and affinity chromatographies. Arginine is an amino acid, whose importance in biological sciences and biotechnology continues to grow in diverse ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Stasyuk N, Gayda G, Nogala W, Holdynski M, Demkiv O, Fayura L, Sibirny A, Gonchar M. Ammonium nanochelators in conjunction with arginine-specific enzymes in amperometric biosensors for arginine assay. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:47. [PMID: 38133683 PMCID: PMC10987348 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid L-arginine (Arg), usually presented in food products and biological liquids, can serve both as a useful indicator of food quality and an important biomarker in medicine. The biosensors based on Arg-selective enzymes are the most promising devices for Arg assay. In this research, three types of amperometric biosensors have been fabricated. They exploit arginine oxidase (ArgO), recombinant arginase I (ARG)/urease, and arginine deiminase (ADI) coupled with the ammonium-chelating redox-active nanoparticles. Cadmium-copper nanoparticles (nCdCu) as the most effective nanochelators were used for the development of ammonium chemosensors and enzyme-coupled Arg biosensors. The fabricated enzyme/nCdCu-containing bioelectrodes show wide linear ranges (up to 200 µM), satisfactory storage stabilities (14 days), and high sensitivities (A⋅M-1⋅m-2) to Arg: 1650, 1700, and 4500 for ADI-, ArgO- and ARG/urease-based sensors, respectively. All biosensors have been exploited to estimate Arg content in commercial juices. The obtained data correlate well with the values obtained by the reference method. A hypothetic scheme for mechanism of action of ammonium nanochelators in electron transfer reaction on the arginine-sensing electrodes has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Stasyuk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine.
| | - Galina Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Holdynski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olha Demkiv
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Lyubov Fayura
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Sibirny
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Rzeszow University, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine.
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Sun G, Wei X, Zhang D, Huang L, Liu H, Fang H. Immobilization of Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Application to Food Bioprocess Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:886. [PMID: 37754120 PMCID: PMC10526424 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors based on immobilized enzymes are among the most popular and commercially successful biosensors. The literature in this field suggests that modification of electrodes with nanomaterials is an excellent method for enzyme immobilization, which can greatly improve the stability and sensitivity of the sensor. However, the poor stability, weak reproducibility, and limited lifetime of the enzyme itself still limit the requirements for the development of enzyme electrochemical biosensors for food production process monitoring. Therefore, constructing sensing technologies based on enzyme electrochemical biosensors remains a great challenge. This article outlines the construction principles of four generations of enzyme electrochemical biosensors and discusses the applications of single-enzyme systems, multi-enzyme systems, and nano-enzyme systems developed based on these principles. The article further describes methods to improve enzyme immobilization by combining different types of nanomaterials such as metals and their oxides, graphene-related materials, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers. In addition, the article highlights the challenges and future trends of enzyme electrochemical biosensors, providing theoretical support and future perspectives for further research and development of high-performance enzyme chemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganchao Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (G.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (G.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Dianping Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Liben Huang
- Huichuan Technology (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519060, China;
| | - Huiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (G.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Haitian Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (G.S.); (X.W.)
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Demkiv O, Gayda G, Stasyuk N, Moroz A, Serkiz R, Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Gonchar M, Nisnevitch M. Flavocytochrome b2-Mediated Electroactive Nanoparticles for Developing Amperometric L-Lactate Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:587. [PMID: 37366952 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
L-Lactate is an indicator of food quality, so its monitoring is essential. Enzymes of L-Lactate metabolism are promising tools for this aim. We describe here some highly sensitive biosensors for L-Lactate determination which were developed using flavocytochrome b2 (Fcb2) as a bio-recognition element, and electroactive nanoparticles (NPs) for enzyme immobilization. The enzyme was isolated from cells of the thermotolerant yeast Ogataea polymorpha. The possibility of direct electron transfer from the reduced form of Fcb2 to graphite electrodes has been confirmed, and the amplification of the electrochemical communication between the immobilized Fcb2 and the electrode surface was demonstrated to be achieved using redox nanomediators, both bound and freely diffusing. The fabricated biosensors exhibited high sensitivity (up to 1436 A·M-1·m-2), fast responses, and low limits of detection. One of the most effective biosensors, which contained co-immobilized Fcb2 and the hexacyanoferrate of gold, having a sensitivity of 253 A·M-1·m-2 without freely diffusing redox mediators, was used for L-Lactate analysis in samples of yogurts. A high correlation was observed between the values of analyte content determined using the biosensor and referenced enzymatic-chemical photometric methods. The developed biosensors based on Fcb2-mediated electroactive nanoparticles can be promising for applications in laboratories of food control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Demkiv
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Gayda
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Stasyuk
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Moroz
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Serkiz
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Kyriat-ha-Mada, Ariel 4070000, Israel
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Demkiv O, Gayda G, Stasyuk N, Brahinetz O, Gonchar M, Nisnevitch M. Nanomaterials as Redox Mediators in Laccase-Based Amperometric Biosensors for Catechol Assay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090741. [PMID: 36140126 PMCID: PMC9496325 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Laccase is a copper-containing enzyme that does not require hydrogen peroxide as a co-substrate or additional cofactors for an enzymatic reaction. Nanomaterials of various chemical structures are usually applied to the construction of enzyme-based biosensors. Metals, metal oxides, semiconductors, and composite NPs perform various functions in electrochemical transformation schemes as a platform for the enzyme immobilization, a mediator of an electron transfer, and a signal amplifier. We describe here the development of amperometric biosensors (ABSs) based on laccase and redox-active micro/nanoparticles (hereafter—NPs), which were immobilized on a graphite electrode (GE). For this purpose, we isolated a highly purified enzyme from the fungus Trametes zonatus, and then synthesized bi- and trimetallic NPs of noble and transition metals, as well as hexacyanoferrates (HCF) of noble metals; these were layered onto the surfaces of GEs. The electroactivity of many of the NPs immobilized on the GEs was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. The most effective mediators of electron transfer were selected as the platform for the development of laccase-based ABSs. As a result, a number of catechol-sensitive ABSs were constructed and characterized. The laccase/CuCo/GE was demonstrated to possess the highest sensitivity to catechol (4523 A·M−1·m−2) among the tested ABSs. The proposed ABSs may be promising for the analysis of phenolic derivatives in real samples of drinking water, wastewater, and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Demkiv
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.N.); Tel.: +38-(032)-2612144 (G.G.); +972-39143042 (M.N.)
| | - Nataliya Stasyuk
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Brahinetz
- State Institution Institute of Blood Pathology and Transfusion Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 45, General Chuprinka Str., 79044 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Kyriat-ha-Mada, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.N.); Tel.: +38-(032)-2612144 (G.G.); +972-39143042 (M.N.)
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Stasyuk N, Demkiv O, Gayda G, Zakalskiy A, Klepach H, Bisko N, Gonchar M, Nisnevitch M. Highly Porous 3D Gold Enhances Sensitivity of Amperometric Biosensors Based on Oxidases and CuCe Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070472. [PMID: 35884275 PMCID: PMC9312547 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles potentially have wide practical applications in various fields of science and industry. In biosensorics, they usually act as catalysts or nanozymes (NZs) and as mediators of electron transfer. We describe here the development of amperometric biosensors (ABSs) based on purified oxidases, synthesized nanoparticles of CuCe (nCuCe), and micro/nanoporous gold (pAu), which were electro-deposited on a graphite electrode (GE). As an effective peroxidase (PO)-like NZ, nCuCe was used here as a hydrogen-peroxide-sensing platform in ABSs that were based on glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, methylamine oxidase, and L-arginine oxidase. At the same time, nCuCe is an electroactive mediator and has been used in laccase-based ABSs. As a result, the ABSs we constructed and characterized were based on glucose, methanol, methyl amine, L-arginine, and catechol, respectively. The developed nCuCe-based ABSs exhibited improved analytical characteristics in comparison with the corresponding PO-based ABSs. Additionally, the presence of pAu, with its extremely advanced chemo-sensing surface layer, was shown to significantly increase the sensitivities of all constructed ABSs. As an example, the bioelectrodes containing laccase/GE, laccase/nCuCe/GE, and laccase/nCuCe/pAu/GE exhibited sensitivities to catechol at 2300, 5055, and 9280 A·M−1·m−2, respectively. We demonstrate here that pAu is an effective carrier of electroactive nanomaterials coupled with oxidases, which may be promising in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Stasyuk
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.S.); (O.D.); (A.Z.); (M.G.)
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100 Drohobych, Ukraine;
| | - Olha Demkiv
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.S.); (O.D.); (A.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Galina Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.S.); (O.D.); (A.Z.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: or (G.G.); (M.N.); Tel.: +380-32-261-2144 (G.G.); +972-3-914-3042 (M.N.)
| | - Andriy Zakalskiy
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.S.); (O.D.); (A.Z.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 79034 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Klepach
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100 Drohobych, Ukraine;
| | - Nina Bisko
- M. G. Kholodny Botany Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.S.); (O.D.); (A.Z.); (M.G.)
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100 Drohobych, Ukraine;
| | - Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Kyriat-ha-Mada, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: or (G.G.); (M.N.); Tel.: +380-32-261-2144 (G.G.); +972-3-914-3042 (M.N.)
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Amperometric biosensors for L-arginine and creatinine assay based on recombinant deiminases and ammonium-sensitive Cu/Zn(Hg)S nanoparticles. Talanta 2022; 238:122996. [PMID: 34857329 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are limited data on amperometric biosensors (ABSs) based on deiminases that produce ammonium as a byproduct of enzymatic reaction. The most frequently proposed biosensors utilizing such a mode are based on potentiometric transducers, which contain at least two enzymes in the bioselective layer; this complicates the procedure and increases the cost of analysis. Thus, the construction of a one-enzyme ABS is a practical problem. In our manuscript ABSs for the direct measurement of creatinine (Crn) and l-arginine (Arg), based on the recombinant bacterial creatinine deiminase (CDI) and arginine deiminase (ADI), are described. To choose the best chemosensor on ammonium ions, a number of nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and characterized using cyclic voltammetry. Hybrid Cu/Zn(Hg)S-NPs, having a good selectivity and an extremely high sensitivities towards ammonium ions (5660 A M-1 m-2 at +170 mV and 1870 A M-1 m-2 at -300 mV, respectively), was selected for the development of deiminase-based ABSs. The novel biosensors exhibited very high sensitivities (2660 A M-1 m-2 to Crn for CDI-ABS; 1570 A M-1 m-2 to Arg for ADI-ABS), broad linear ranges, low limits of detection, satisfactory storage stabilities and good selectivities towards natural substrates. The constructed CDI-ABS and ADI-ABS were tested on real samples of biological fluids and juices for Crn and Arg assay, respectively. High correlations of the obtained results with the reference methods were demonstrated for the target analytes.
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Highly Sensitive Amperometric Sensor Based on Laccase-Mimicking Metal-Based Hybrid Nanozymes for Adrenaline Analysis in Pharmaceuticals. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanomaterials which exhibit artificial enzymatic activities and are considered as alternatives to natural enzymes. They are characterized by good catalytic activity and high stability, as well as ease and low cost of preparation. In this study, the mimetics of laccase or “nanolaccases” (NLacs) were synthesized by a simple method of chemical reduction of transition metal salts. The NLacs were tested for their catalytic activity in solution and on the electrode surface. The most effective NLacs, namely nAuCePt and nPtFe, were found to possess excellent laccase-like activities capable of oxidizing the endocrine hormone adrenaline (AD). These NLacs were characterized in detail and used for the development of amperometric sensors for AD determination. The amperometric sensors containing the best NLacs, as well as a natural fungal laccase, were constructed. The most effective nAuCePt-containing sensor had good specificity in relation to AD and improved analytical characteristics. It possessed a 384-fold higher sensitivity than adrenaline (230,137 A·M−1·m−2), a 64-fold lower limit of detection (0.025 µM), and a broader linear range (0.085–45 µM) in comparison with the sensor based on natural laccase. The constructed nAuCePt-containing sensor was successfully used for AD analysis in pharmaceutical formulation.
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