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Zhang Z, Ghonge S, Ding Y, Zhang S, Berciu M, Schaller RD, Jankó B, Kuno M. Resonant Multiple-Phonon Absorption Causes Efficient Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6438-6444. [PMID: 38363716 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, such as CsPbBr3, exhibit efficient photoluminescence (PL) up-conversion, also referred to as anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL). This is a phenomenon where irradiating nanocrystals up to 100 meV below gap results in higher energy band edge emission. Most surprising is that ASPL efficiencies approach unity and involve single-photon interactions with multiple phonons. This is unexpected given the statistically disfavored nature of multiple-phonon absorption. Here, we report and rationalize near-unity anti-Stokes photoluminescence efficiencies in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and attribute them to resonant multiple-phonon absorption by polarons. The theory explains paradoxically large efficiencies for intrinsically disfavored, multiple-phonon-assisted ASPL in nanocrystals. Moreover, the developed microscopic mechanism has immediate and important implications for applications of ASPL toward condensed phase optical refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sushrut Ghonge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mona Berciu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 325-6224, Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Boldizsár Jankó
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Accurate Characterization of the Properties of the Rare-Earth-Doped Crystal for Laser Cooling. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for calibrating a commercial thermal camera adopted to accurately measure the temperature change of the sample in a laser-induced temperature modulation spectrum (LITMoS) test, which is adopted for measuring two crucial parameters of the external quantum efficiency ηext and the background absorption coefficient αb for assessing the laser cooling grade of the rare-earth-doped materials. After calibration, the temperature resolution of the calibrated thermal camera is better than 0.1 K. For the cooling grade Czochralski-grown 5% Yb3+:LuLiF4 crystal, the corresponding values of ηext and αb are LITMoS = measured to be ηext=99.4 (±0.1)% and αb=1.5 (±0.1)×10−4 cm−1, respectively.
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Abstract
This review focuses on optical refrigeration with the anti-Stokes fluorescence of rare-earth (RE)-doped low-phonon micro- and nanocrystals. Contrary to bulk samples, where the thermal energy is contained in internal vibrational modes (phonons), the thermal energy of nanoparticles is contained in both the translational motion and internal vibrational (phonons) modes of the sample. Much theoretical and experimental research is currently devoted to the laser cooling of nanoparticles. In the majority of the related work, only the translational energy of the particles has been suppressed. In this review, the latest achievements in hybrid optical refrigeration of RE-doped low-phonon micro- and nanoparticles are presented. Hybrid cooling permits the suppression of not only the translational energy of the RE-doped particles, but also their internal vibrational phonon thermal energy. Laser cooling of nanoparticles is not a simple task. Mie resonances can be used to enhance laser cooling with the anti-Stokes fluorescence of nanoparticles made of low-phonon RE-doped solids. Laser-cooled nanoparticles is a promising tool for fundamental quantum-mechanical studies, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and precision measurements of forces.
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