Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton) along an Urban–Rural Gradient

Phytotoxicity of radionuclides: A review of sources, impacts and remediation strategies

Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. Contamination of soil and water by radioactive isotopes degrades the environmental quality and biodiversity. They persist in soils for a considerable amount of time and disturb the fauna and flora of any affected area. Hence, their removal from the contaminated medium is inevitable to prevent their entry into the food chain and the organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Physicochemical methods for radioactive element remediation are effective; however, they are not eco-friendly, can be expensive and impractical for large-scale remediation. Contrastingly, different bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation using appropriate plant species for removing the radionuclides from the polluted sites, and microbe-based remediation, represent promising alternatives for cleanup. In this review, sources of radionuclides in soil as well as their hazardous impacts on plants are discussed. Moreover, various conventional physicochemical approaches used for remediation discussed in detail. Similarly, the effectiveness and superiority of various bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation and microbe-based remediation, over traditional approaches have been explained in detail. In the end, future perspectives related to enhancing the efficiency of the phytoremediation process have been elaborated.

Assessment of native plants for their potential to remove trace metals around Legadembi tailings dam, Southern Ethiopia

Native plant species growing on metal contaminated soil at the foot of the Legadembi tailings dam were selected to evaluate their phytoremediation potential. For this purpose, soil, aboveground tissues, and roots of plant samples were analyzed for the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd. The bioaccumulation and transfer of metals were evaluated in terms of translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC). The results showed that most of the species were efficient to take up and translocate more than one trace element (TE) from roots to shoots. Argemone mexicana L., Rumex nepalensis Spreng., Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb., and Schoenoplectu sconfusus (N.E.Br.) Lye showed potential for phytoextraction of Cu, while R. nepalensis and C. alopecuroides can accumulate in their above-ground parts and are suitable for phytoextraction of Ni. Rumex nepalensis, C. alopecuroides, and Typha latifolia L. have the ability for phytostabilization of Zn metal. Findings suggest concentrations of some metals in plants' tissue showed above the normal range which suggests their potential use in phytoremediation.