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Li X, Chen Y, Xu J, Lynch I, Guo Z, Xie C, Zhang P. Advanced nanopesticides: Advantage and action mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108051. [PMID: 37820512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of various chemical substances to control pests, diseases, and weeds in the field is a necessary part of the agricultural development process in every country. While the application of pesticides can improve the quality and yield of crops, plant resistance and the harm caused by pesticide residues to the environment and humans have led to the search for greener and safer pesticide formulations to improve the current situation. In recent years, nanopesticides (NPts) have shown great potential in agriculture due to their high efficiency, low toxicity, targeting, resistance, and controlled slow release demonstrated in the experimental stage. Commonly used approaches to prepare NPts include the use of nanoscale metal materials as active ingredients (AI) (ingredients that can play a role in insecticide, sterilization and weeding) or the construction of carriers based on commonly used pesticides to make them stable in nano-sized form. This paper systematically summarizes the advantages and effects of NPts over conventional pesticides, analyzes the formation and functions of NPts in terms of structure, AI, and additives, and describes the mechanism of action of NPts. Despite the feasibility of NPts use, there is not enough comprehensive research on NPts, which must be supplemented by more experiments in terms of biotoxicology and ecological effects to provide strong support for NPts application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Changjian Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Schiavi D, Ronchetti R, Di Lorenzo V, Vivani R, Giovagnoli S, Camaioni E, Balestra GM. Sustainable Protocols for Cellulose Nanocrystals Synthesis from Tomato Waste and Their Antimicrobial Properties against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040939. [PMID: 36840287 PMCID: PMC9963933 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly gaining ground in crop protection, with the growing quest for sustainable nanopesticides and nanocarriers for plant pathogen management. Among them, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are emerging as innovative agrofood-waste-derived antimicrobial materials. In this work, new chemical and enzymatic CNC extraction methods from tomato harvest residues were evaluated. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized and tested for their antimicrobial properties on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto), the causal agent of bacterial speck disease on tomato. Both protocols were efficient. The enzymatic extraction method was greener, producing purer CNC at slightly lower yield. The obtained CNC, although they weakly inhibited cell growth and did not promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, provoked bacterial aggregation and the inhibition of biofilm production and swimming motility. Both protocols produced CNC with similar morpho-chemical features, as well as promising antimicrobial activity against plant bacterial pathogens, suggesting their potential role in sustainable crop protection strategies. The new protocols could be a valuable alternative to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio M. Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Argenziano R, Moccia F, Esposito R, D’Errico G, Panzella L, Napolitano A. Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101860. [PMID: 36290583 PMCID: PMC9598286 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignins are phenolic polymers endowed with potent antioxidant properties that are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields. Consequently, there is a growing need for easily available and sustainable sources, as well as for green extraction methodologies of these compounds. Herein, a ball milling/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based treatment is reported as an efficient strategy for the recovery of antioxidant lignins from the shells of edible nuts, namely chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, and pistachios. In particular, preliminarily ball-milled shells were treated with 1:2 mol/mol choline chloride:lactic acid at 120 °C for 24 h, and the extracted material was recovered in 19–27% w/w yields after precipitation by the addition of 0.01 M HCl. Extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis allowed for confirmation that the main phenolic constituents present in the shell extracts were lignins, accompanied by small amounts (0.9% w/w) of ellagic acid, in the case of chestnut shells. The recovered samples exhibited very promising antioxidant properties, particularly in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (EC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/mL). These results open new perspectives for the valorization of nut shells as green sources of lignins for applications as antioxidants, e.g., in the biomedical, food, and/or cosmetic sector.
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Schiavi D, Francesconi S, Taddei AR, Fortunati E, Balestra GM. Exploring cellulose nanocrystals obtained from olive tree wastes as sustainable crop protection tool against bacterial diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6149. [PMID: 35413981 PMCID: PMC9005629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials in agriculture represent one of the most innovative method for protecting crops, due to possibility of being applied as nanopesticides or nanocarriers for active ingredients. Furthermore, nanotechnology could be combined with the concept of circular economy through the opportunity of obtaining highly technological nanometric materials starting from agro-industrial wastes. The present research evaluated the possibility of synthesizing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from olive pruning wastes through chemical bleaching, reusing them as sustainable tool to control the causal agent of the olive knot disease (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi). CNCs showed an interesting in vitro effect in inhibiting bacterial growth and bacterial biofilm formation, as well as the ability of reducing bacterial epiphytic survival in a comparable way to copper sulphate on leaf surfaces, when used at 1% w/v. CNCs were at the same time investigated for their interaction with olive tree seedlings, showing no negative effects on leaf development, and a promising root uptake, indicating that CNCs could be used also as nanocarriers for active ingredients. Obtained results highlight the innovative possibility of designing sustainable plant protection strategies capable of revalorise lignocellulosic wastes, meaning a simultaneous low environmental impact thanks to reduction of traditional agrochemicals input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- High Equipment Centre, Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università Snc, Blocco D, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elena Fortunati
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Gigli M, Fellet G, Pilotto L, Sgarzi M, Marchiol L, Crestini C. Lignin-based nano-enabled agriculture: A mini-review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976410. [PMID: 36407611 PMCID: PMC9667414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays sustainable nanotechnological strategies to improve the efficiency of conventional agricultural practices are of utmost importance. As a matter of fact, the increasing use of productive factors in response to the growing food demand plays an important role in determining the environmental impact of agriculture. In this respect, low-efficiency conventional practices are becoming obsolete. On the other hand, the exploitation of nanoscaled systems for the controlled delivery of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides shows great potential towards the development of sustainable, efficient and resilient agricultural processes, while promoting food security. In this context, lignin - especially in the form of its nanostructures - can play an important role as sustainable biomaterial for nano-enabled agricultural applications. In this review, we present and discuss the current advancements in the preparation of lignin nanoparticles for the controlled release of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, as well as the latest findings in terms of plant response to their application. Special attention has been paid to the state-of-the-art literature concerning the release performance of these lignin-based nanomaterials, whose efficiency is compared with the conventional approaches. Finally, the major challenges and the future scenarios of lignin-based nano-enabled agriculture are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Guido Fellet
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Guido Fellet, ; Massimo Sgarzi,
| | - Laura Pilotto
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Sgarzi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- *Correspondence: Guido Fellet, ; Massimo Sgarzi,
| | - Luca Marchiol
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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