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Machado M, Oliveira AML, Silva GA, Bitoque DB, Tavares Ferreira J, Pinto LA, Ferreira Q. Graphene Biosensors-A Molecular Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1624. [PMID: 35630845 PMCID: PMC9145856 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is the material elected to study molecules and monolayers at the molecular scale due to its chemical stability and electrical properties. The invention of scanning tunneling microscopy has deepened our knowledge on molecular systems through imaging at an atomic resolution, and new possibilities have been investigated at this scale. Interest on studies on biomolecules has been demonstrated due to the possibility of mimicking biological systems, providing several applications in nanomedicine: drug delivery systems, biosensors, nanostructured scaffolds, and biodevices. A breakthrough came with the synthesis of molecular systems by stepwise methods with control at the atomic/molecular level. This article presents a review on self-assembled monolayers of biomolecules on top of graphite with applications in biodevices. Special attention is given to porphyrin systems adsorbed on top of graphite that are able to anchor other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Machado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Alexandra M. L. Oliveira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.A.S.); (D.B.B.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriela A. Silva
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.A.S.); (D.B.B.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo B. Bitoque
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.A.S.); (D.B.B.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Tavares Ferreira
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.T.F.); (L.A.P.)
- Visual Sciences Study Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Abegão Pinto
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.T.F.); (L.A.P.)
- Visual Sciences Study Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Quirina Ferreira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Shahriari S, Sastry M, Panjikar S, Singh Raman RK. Graphene and Graphene Oxide as a Support for Biomolecules in the Development of Biosensors. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:197-220. [PMID: 34815666 PMCID: PMC8605898 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s334487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide have become the base of many advanced biosensors due to their exceptional characteristics. However, lack of some properties, such as inertness of graphene in organic solutions and non-electrical conductivity of graphene oxide, are their drawbacks in sensing applications. To compensate for these shortcomings, various methods of modifications have been developed to provide the appropriate properties required for biosensing. Efficient modification of graphene and graphene oxide facilitates the interaction of biomolecules with their surface, and the ultimate bioconjugate can be employed as the main sensing part of the biosensors. Graphene nanomaterials as transducers increase the signal response in various sensing applications. Their large surface area and perfect biocompatibility with lots of biomolecules provide the prerequisite of a stable biosensor, which is the immobilization of bioreceptor on transducer. Biosensor development has paramount importance in the field of environmental monitoring, security, defense, food safety standards, clinical sector, marine sector, biomedicine, and drug discovery. Biosensor applications are also prevalent in the plant biology sector to find the missing links required in the metabolic process. In this review, the importance of oxygen functional groups in functionalizing the graphene and graphene oxide and different types of functionalization will be explained. Moreover, immobilization of biomolecules (such as protein, peptide, DNA, aptamer) on graphene and graphene oxide and at the end, the application of these biomaterials in biosensors with different transducing mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shahriari
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Murali Sastry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- ANSTO, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R K Singh Raman
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang G, Wang J, Wang Y, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Self-Assembly of Ferrocene-Phenylalanine@Graphene Oxide Hybrid Hydrogels for Dopamine Detection. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2341-2348. [PMID: 33094928 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of graphene oxide (GO) is explored on the self-assembly behavior of ferrocene-L-phenylalanine (Fc-F) in solution. The assembly behavior of Fc-F in GO dispersions at different concentrations and pH values was systematically investigated. At pH 8, a stable hybrid material could be formed by facile and elaborate supramolecular assembly. Moreover, the concentration of GO could also be used to adjust the mechanical strength of the hybrid hydrogel. Increasing the concentration of GO in the assembly process, a hydrogel with better mechanical strength could be obtained. The storage modulus could be up to 6.3 kPa by increasing the GO concentration to 1 mg/mL. Finally, the dopamine concentration in the solution could be detected in a high accuracy by loading the hybrid hydrogel onto the electrode surface. The R2 of linear fitting equation could reach 0.9915 in the range of 10-200 μmol/L, indicating that it has the potential as biosensing electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science, and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science, and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science, and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Kamran U, Heo YJ, Lee JW, Park SJ. Functionalized Carbon Materials for Electronic Devices: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E234. [PMID: 30987220 PMCID: PMC6523075 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials, including graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), are very promising materials for developing future-generation electronic devices. Their efficient physical, chemical, and electrical properties, such as high conductivity, efficient thermal and electrochemical stability, and high specific surface area, enable them to fulfill the requirements of modern electronic industries. In this review article, we discuss the synthetic methods of different functionalized carbon materials based on graphene oxide (GO), SWCNTs, MWCNTs, carbon fibers (CFs), and activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, we highlight the recent developments and applications of functionalized carbon materials in energy storage devices (supercapacitors), inkjet printing appliances, self-powered automatic sensing devices (biosensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors), and stretchable/flexible wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Kamran
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Young-Jung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Wu A, Wei G. Designed graphene-peptide nanocomposites for biosensor applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:24-40. [PMID: 28864192 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The modification of graphene with biomacromolecules like DNA, protein, peptide, and others extends the potential applications of graphene materials in various fields. The bound biomacromolecules could improve the biocompatibility and bio-recognition ability of graphene-based nanocomposites, therefore could greatly enhance their biosensing performances on both selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, we presented a comprehensive introduction and discussion on recent advance in the synthesis and biosensor applications of graphene-peptide nanocomposites. The biofunctionalization of graphene with specifically designed peptides, and the synthesis strategies of graphene-peptide (monomer, nanofibrils, and nanotubes) nanocomposites were demonstrated. On the other hand, the fabrication of graphene-peptide nanocomposite based biosensor architectures for electrochemical, fluorescent, electronic, and spectroscopic biosensing were further presented. This review includes nearly all the studies on the fabrication and applications of graphene-peptide based biosensors recently, which will promote the future developments of graphene-based biosensors in biomedical detection and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, PR China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, PR China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, PR China
| | - Gang Wei
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany.
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