Qualitative and Quantitative Changes of Carbonate Rocks Exposed to SC CO2 (Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain)

CO2-Water-Rock Interactions in Carbonate Formations at the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, China

The effects of CO2-water-rock interactions on the injectivity and safety of CO2 geological storage have drawn wide attention. The geochemical reaction mechanisms in carbonate formations after CO2 injection are still controversial. To better understand the transformation of injected CO2 in carbonates and the involved geochemical reactions, we first conducted autoclave experiments reproducing the in-situ conditions of the Lianglitage Formation, Yingshan Formation, and Qiulitage Formation at the Tazhong Uplift in the Tarim Basin. We then established a batch model using TOUGHREACT-ECO2H, validated with the experimental results, to simulate the long-term CO2-water-rock interactions. It was found that the initial mineral compositions and water chemistry have important effects on the CO2-water-rock interactions in carbonate formations. The experiment results show that the dissolution of calcite and dolomite dominates in the early reaction period. However, we still observed some secondary minerals, such as ankerite, montmorillonite, calcite, and dolomite. The CO2-water-rock reactions can be more dramatic when the contents of calcite and dolomite in carbonates are closer. Moreover, the long-term simulation results show that calcite, magnesite, and hematite are the main formed secondary minerals, whereas dolomite is the major dissolved mineral. This study is helpful for a better understanding of the CO2 mineral trapping mechanism in carbonate formations.