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Chen X, Liu T, Ouyang Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Liu F, Qiu L, Wang C, Lin X, Chen J, Shen Y. Influence of Different Pt Functionalization Modes on the Properties of CuO Gas-Sensing Materials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:120. [PMID: 38202982 PMCID: PMC10780899 DOI: 10.3390/s24010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The functionalization of noble metals is an effective approach to lowering the sensing temperature and improving the sensitivity of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based gas sensors. However, there is a dearth of comparative analyses regarding the differences in sensitization mechanisms between the two functionalization modes of noble metal loading and doping. In this investigation, we synthesized Pt-doped CuO gas-sensing materials using a one-pot hydrothermal method. And for Pt-loaded CuO, Pt was deposited on the synthesized pristine CuO surface by using a dipping method. We found that both functionalization methods can considerably enhance the response and selectivity of CuO toward NO2 at low temperatures. However, we observed that CuO with Pt loading had superior sensing performance at 25 °C, while CuO with Pt doping showed more substantial response changes with an increase in the operating temperature. This is mainly due to the different dominant roles of electron sensitization and chemical sensitization resulting from the different forms of Pt present in different functionalization modes. For Pt doping, electron sensitization is stronger, and for Pt loading, chemical sensitization is stronger. The results of this study present innovative ideas for understanding the optimization of noble metal functionalization for the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Chen
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Yunfei Ouyang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Shiyi Huang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Fangzheng Liu
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Lu Qiu
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Chicheng Wang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Xincheng Lin
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Junyan Chen
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.C.); (T.L.); (Y.O.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (L.Q.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Yanbai Shen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Mańkowska E, Mazur M, Domaradzki J, Mazur P, Kot M, Flege JI. Hydrogen Gas Sensing Properties of Mixed Copper-Titanium Oxide Thin Films. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3822. [PMID: 37112164 PMCID: PMC10144612 DOI: 10.3390/s23083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is an efficient source of clean and environmentally friendly energy. However, because it is explosive at concentrations higher than 4%, safety issues are a great concern. As its applications are extended, the need for the production of reliable monitoring systems is urgent. In this work, mixed copper-titanium oxide ((CuTi)Ox) thin films with various copper concentrations (0-100 at.%), deposited by magnetron sputtering and annealed at 473 K, were investigated as a prospective hydrogen gas sensing material. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to determine the morphology of the thin films. Their structure and chemical composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The prepared films were nanocrystalline mixtures of metallic copper, cuprous oxide, and titanium anatase in the bulk, whereas at the surface only cupric oxide was found. In comparison to the literature, the (CuTi)Ox thin films already showed a sensor response to hydrogen at a relatively low operating temperature of 473 K without using any extra catalyst. The best sensor response and sensitivity to hydrogen gas were found in the mixed copper-titanium oxides containing similar atomic concentrations of both metals, i.e., 41/59 and 56/44 of Cu/Ti. Most probably, this effect is related to their similar morphology and to the simultaneous presence of Cu and Cu2O crystals in these mixed oxide films. In particular, the studies of surface oxidation state revealed that it was the same for all annealed films and consisted only of CuO. However, in view of their crystalline structure, they consisted of Cu and Cu2O nanocrystals in the thin film volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mańkowska
- Faculty of Electronic, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Mazur
- Faculty of Electronic, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Electronic, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Mazur
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wrocław, Max Born 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kot
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Jan Ingo Flege
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
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Li T, Yin W, Gao S, Sun Y, Xu P, Wu S, Kong H, Yang G, Wei G. The Combination of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Gas Sensors: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060982. [PMID: 35335794 PMCID: PMC8951490 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles have been widely utilized for the fabrication of functional gas sensors to determine various flammable, explosive, toxic, and harmful gases due to their advantages of low cost, fast response, and high sensitivity. However, metal oxide-based gas sensors reveal the shortcomings of high operating temperature, high power requirement, and low selectivity, which limited their rapid development in the fabrication of high-performance gas sensors. The combination of metal oxides with two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials to construct a heterostructure can hybridize the advantages of each other and overcome their respective shortcomings, thereby improving the sensing performance of the fabricated gas sensors. In this review, we present recent advances in the fabrication of metal oxide-, 2D nanomaterials-, as well as 2D material/metal oxide composite-based gas sensors with highly sensitive and selective functions. To achieve this aim, we firstly introduce the working principles of various gas sensors, and then discuss the factors that could affect the sensitivity of gas sensors. After that, a lot of cases on the fabrication of gas sensors by using metal oxides, 2D materials, and 2D material/metal oxide composites are demonstrated. Finally, we summarize the current development and discuss potential research directions in this promising topic. We believe in this work is helpful for the readers in multidiscipline research fields like materials science, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental science, and other related aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shouwu Gao
- State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.G.); (P.X.)
| | - Yaning Sun
- College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Peilong Xu
- State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.G.); (P.X.)
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.K.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.K.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.K.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1506-6242-101
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Shinde VS, Kapadnis KH, Patil AP, Koli PB. Designing of LaCrO3 − TiO2 nanocomposites p: N heterojunction-based sensor material for the selective detection of volatile petrol vapors (PV) and CO2 gas vapors. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lv R, Zhang Q, Wang W, Lin Y, Zhang S. ZnO@ZIF-8 Core-Shell Structure Gas Sensors with Excellent Selectivity to H 2. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4069. [PMID: 34204851 PMCID: PMC8231508 DOI: 10.3390/s21124069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the energy crisis becomes worse, hydrogen as a clean energy source is more and more widely used in industrial production and people's daily life. However, there are hidden dangers in hydrogen storage and transportation, because of its flammable and explosive features. Gas detection is the key to solving this problem. High quality sensors with more practical and commercial value must be able to accurately detect target gases in the environment. Emerging porous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials can effectively improve the selectivity of sensors as a result of high surface area and coordinated pore structure. The application of MOFs for surface modification to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of metal oxides sensors to hydrogen has been widely investigated. However, the influence of MOF modified film thickness on the selectivity of hydrogen sensors is seldom studied. Moreover, the mechanism of the selectivity improvement of the sensors with MOF modified film is still unclear. In this paper, we prepared nano-sized ZnO particles by a homogeneous precipitation method. ZnO nanoparticle (NP) gas sensors were prepared by screen printing technology. Then a dense ZIF-8 film was grown on the surface of the gas sensor by hydrothermal synthesis. The morphology, the composition of the elements and the characters of the product were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that the ZIF-8 film grown for 4 h cannot form a dense core-shell structure. The thickness of ZIF-8 reaches 130 nm at 20 h. Through the detection and analysis of hydrogen (1000 ppm), ethanol (100 ppm) and acetone (50 ppm) from 150 °C to 290 °C, it is found that the response of the ZnO@ZIF-8 sensors to hydrogen has been significantly improved, while the response to ethanol and acetone was decreased. By comparing the change of the response coefficient, when the thickness of ZIF-8 is 130 nm, the gas sensor has a significantly improved selectivity to hydrogen at 230 °C. The continuous increase of the thickness tends to inhibit selectivity. The mechanism of selectivity improvement of the sensors with different thickness of the ZIF-8 films is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.L.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.L.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.L.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaojun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.L.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
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Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductors have found widespread applications in chemical sensors based on electrical transduction principles, in particular for the detection of a large variety of gaseous analytes, including environmental pollutants and hazardous gases. This review recapitulates the progress in copper oxide nanomaterial-based devices, while discussing decisive factors influencing gas sensing properties and performance. Literature reports on the highly sensitive detection of several target molecules, including volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen oxide from parts-per-million down to parts-per-billion concentrations are compared. Physico-chemical mechanisms for sensing and transduction are summarized and prospects for future developments are outlined.
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Peng F, Yu W, Lu Y, Sun Y, Fu X, Hao JM, Chen X, Cong R, Dai N. Enhancement of Low-Temperature Gas-Sensing Performance Using Substoichiometric WO 3-x Modified with CuO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41230-41238. [PMID: 32804471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To verify the effect of oxygen vacancy on gas sensitivity, we have systematically investigated the gas-sensing performance of copper oxide/substoichiometric tungsten oxide (CuO/WO3-x) nanocomposite sensors. Oxygen deficiency in WO3-x facilitates the reaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas with chemisorbed oxygen species (i.e., O2-, O-, and O2-) at low temperature. The oxygen/sulphur exchange reaction between CuO and H2S in the sensing process can achieve room temperature operation of gas sensors. After the WO3-x nanorods were modified by a low content of CuO nanoparticles (Cu:W = 1:20), the sensors present an n-type sensing behavior. Their best working temperatures drop from 289 °C (or 386 °C) to 99 °C (or 70 °C) at which the responses are improved by 14 to 163 times for different x values. Among them, CuO(L)/W5O14 shows the highest sensitivity of 1575.7 to 10 ppm H2S at 99 °C and 171.5 to 10 ppm H2S at room temperature. Once WO3-x were loaded with a high concentration of CuO nanoparticles (Cu:W = 1:2), they exhibit a p-type behavior, and the optimal working temperatures reduce suddenly to room temperature at which CuO(H)/W18O49 displays the most sensitive response of 7.2 even toward trace amounts of H2S as low as 100 ppb. In addition, p-type CuO weakens the metal-like characteristics of W18O49 and such weakening effect enhances with an increase in the CuO content. Therefore, the sensing performance of the CuO/W18O49 composite is the best among the four CuO/WO3-x sensors. The two designs for low and high Cu/W molar ratios all achieve enhanced room-temperature H2S gas response, with a fast recovery time of ∼60 s under heating pulse, as well as an excellent selectivity, which makes the sensors a promising candidate for practical applications. Moreover, the micro-Raman spectra confirmed CuS formation and the thermal effect on the decomposition of CuS in the sensing process was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Xiuli Fu
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jia Ming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Rui Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Ning Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Molavi R, Safaiee R, Sheikhi MH. Oxygen adsorption properties of small cobalt oxide clusters: application feasibility as oxygen gas sensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14889-14899. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01951h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations show chemical exothermic oxygen adsorption on cobalt oxide clusters with charge transfer from the clusters to oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Molavi
- Department of Engineering
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - R. Safaiee
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - M. H. Sheikhi
- Department of Engineering
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
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Aguilar M, Esparza R, Rosas G. Time-dependent facile synthesis of CuO hedgehog-like nanostructures and their catalytic activity. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
In this work, the latest achievements in the field of copper oxide thin film gas sensors are presented and discussed. Several methods and deposition techniques are shown with their advantages and disadvantages for commercial applications. Recently, CuO thin film gas sensors have been studied to detect various compounds, such as: nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, as well as several volatile organic compounds in many different applications, e.g., agriculture. The CuO thin film gas sensors exhibited high 3-S parameters (sensitivity, selectivity, and stability). Furthermore, the possibility to function at room temperature with long-term stability was proven as well, which makes this material very attractive in gas-sensing applications, including exhaled breath analysis.
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