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Leitão C, Pereira SO, Marques C, Cennamo N, Zeni L, Shaimerdenova M, Ayupova T, Tosi D. Cost-Effective Fiber Optic Solutions for Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:575. [PMID: 36004971 PMCID: PMC9405647 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, optical fiber sensors have proven to be a reliable and versatile biosensing tool. Optical fiber biosensors (OFBs) are analytical devices that use optical fibers as transducers, with the advantages of being easily coated and biofunctionalized, allowing the monitorization of all functionalization and detection in real-time, as well as being small in size and geometrically flexible, thus allowing device miniaturization and portability for point-of-care (POC) testing. Knowing the potential of such biosensing tools, this paper reviews the reported OFBs which are, at the moment, the most cost-effective. Different fiber configurations are highlighted, namely, end-face reflected, unclad, D- and U-shaped, tips, ball resonators, tapered, light-diffusing, and specialty fibers. Packaging techniques to enhance OFBs' application in the medical field, namely for implementing in subcutaneous, percutaneous, and endoscopic operations as well as in wearable structures, are presented and discussed. Interrogation approaches of OFBs using smartphones' hardware are a great way to obtain cost-effective sensing approaches. In this review paper, different architectures of such interrogation methods and their respective applications are presented. Finally, the application of OFBs in monitoring three crucial fields of human life and wellbeing are reported: detection of cancer biomarkers, detection of cardiovascular biomarkers, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Leitão
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Sónia O. Pereira
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Marques
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Madina Shaimerdenova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takhmina Ayupova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Daniele Tosi
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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A Plasmonic Biosensor Based on Light-Diffusing Fibers Functionalized with Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles for Ultralow Sensing of Proteins. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091400. [PMID: 35564109 PMCID: PMC9106031 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic bio/chemical sensing based on optical fibers combined with molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs), which are polymeric receptors prepared by a template-assisted synthesis, has been demonstrated as a powerful method to attain ultra-low detection limits, particularly when exploiting soft nanoMIPs, which are known to deform upon analyte binding. This work presents the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor in silica light-diffusing fibers (LDFs) functionalized with a specific nanoMIP receptor, entailed for the recognition of the protein human serum transferrin (HTR). Despite their great versatility, to date only SPR-LFDs functionalized with antibodies have been reported. Here, the innovative combination of an SPR-LFD platform and nanoMIPs led to the development of a sensor with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD), equal to about 4 fM, and selective for its target analyte HTR. It is worth noting that the SPR-LDF-nanoMIP sensor was mounted within a specially designed 3D-printed holder yielding a measurement cell suitable for a rapid and reliable setup, and easy for the scaling up of the measurements. Moreover, the fabrication process to realize the SPR platform is minimal, requiring only a metal deposition step.
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3
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Experimental Characterization Techniques for Solid-Liquid Slurry Flows in Pipelines: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In industrial environments, having instrumentation able to attain fast, accurate, and autonomous measurements is pivotal to understanding the dynamics of liquid and particles during transport. Ideally, these instruments, consisting of either probes or sensors, should be robust, fast, and unintrusive, i.e., not cause interference on the very flows being monitored, and require minimal maintenance. Beyond monitoring, the process knowledge gained through real time inspection allows teams to make informed technical decisions based on particle behavior, i.e., settling of particles causing pipe wear and clustering or blockages that can damage the unit or cause shutdowns, both of which with economical drawbacks. The purpose of this review is to examine experimental measurement techniques used to characterize physical properties and operational parameters of solid-liquid slurry flows, focusing on non-ionizing radiation methods. With this text the intent is not to provide an exhaustive examination of each individual technique but rather an overview on the most pertinent types of instrumentation, which will be presented, in addition to application examples from the literature, while directing the reader for pertinent seminal and review papers for a more in-depth analysis.
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Cennamo N, Bossi AM, Arcadio F, Maniglio D, Zeni L. On the Effect of Soft Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Receptors Combined to Nanoplasmonic Probes for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:801489. [PMID: 34993190 PMCID: PMC8724520 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.801489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft, deformable, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) were combined to nano-plasmonic sensor chips realized on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates to develop highly sensitive bio/chemical sensors. NanoMIPs (dmean < 50 nm), which are tailor-made nanoreceptors prepared by a template assisted synthesis, were made selective to bind Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and were herein used to functionalize gold optical nanostructures placed on a PMMA substrate, this latter acting as a slab waveguide. We compared nanoMIP-functionalized non-optimized gold nanogratings based on periodic nano-stripes to optimized nanogratings with a deposited ultra-thin MIP layer (<100 nm). The sensors performances were tested by the detection of BSA using the same setup, in which both chips were considered as slab waveguides, with the periodic nano-stripes allocated in a longitudinal orientation with respect to the direction of the input light. Result demonstrated the nanoMIP-non optimized nanogratings showed superior performance with respect to the ultra-thin MIP-optimized nanogratings. The peculiar deformable character of the nano-MIPs enabled to significantly enhance the limit of detection (LOD) of the plasmonic bio/sensor, allowing the detection of the low femtomolar concentration of analyte (LOD ∼ 3 fM), thus outpassing of four orders of magnitude the sensitivies achieved so far on optimized nano-patterned plasmonic platforms functionalized with ultra-thin MIP layers. Thus, deformable nanoMIPs onto non-optimized plasmonic probes permit to attain ultralow detections, down to the quasi-single molecule. As a general consideration, the combination of more plasmonic transducers to different kinds of MIP receptors is discussed as a mean to attain the detection range for the selected application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- BIOtech Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department for Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
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Cennamo N, Arcadio F, Zeni L, Catalano E, Del Prete D, Buonanno G, Minardo A. The Role of Tapered Light-Diffusing Fibers in Plasmonic Sensor Configurations. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196333. [PMID: 34640653 PMCID: PMC8512122 DOI: 10.3390/s21196333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we experimentally analyzed the effect of tapering in light-diffusing optical fibers (LDFs) when employed as surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors. Although tapering is commonly adopted to enhance the performance of plasmonic optical fiber sensors, we have demonstrated that in the case of plasmonic sensors based on LDFs, the tapering produces a significant worsening of the bulk sensitivity (roughly 60% in the worst case), against a slight decrease in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the SPR spectra. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that these aspects become more pronounced when the taper ratio increases. Secondly, we have established that a possible alternative exists in using the tapered LDF as a modal filter after the sensible region. In such a case, we have determined that a good trade-off between the loss in sensitivity and the FWHM decrease could be reached.
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Ravindran N, Kumar S, M Y, S R, C A M, Thirunavookarasu S N, C K S. Recent advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors for food analysis: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1055-1077. [PMID: 34328048 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1958745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is the prime area of concern that builds trust. With the prevailing advancements, it has become facile to ensure safety in almost all aspects. Technology has grown from tedious lab techniques to modern chromatographic techniques and immunoassays, progressed with more precise and rapid sensing through the advent of Biosensors. Biosensors provide an automated technology by presenting superfast, nondestructive and cost-effective detection in food analysis. SPR biosensor is an optical biosensor known for its versatility and has wider applications in food testing and analysis. It has an optical system for excitation and interrogation of surface plasmons, and a biomolecular recognition element to detect and seize the target analyte present in a sample. The optical signal detects the binding analyte, on the recognition element, which results in a change in refractive index at the surface and modifies the surface plasmons' propagation constant. SPR aids in label-free detection of various components such as adulterants, antibiotics, biomolecules, genetically modified foods, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, microorganisms and microbial toxins in food and assures safety. The distinct advancements of SPR in food analysis have been found and discussed. The review also provides knowledge on the advantages and the key challenges encountered by SPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevetha Ravindran
- Department of Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sandhya Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | - Yashini M
- Department of Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rajeshwari S
- Department of Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | - Mamathi C A
- Department of Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Sunil C K
- Department of Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
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Chen GY, Wang J, Lancaster DG. Fiber-Optic Skew Ray Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20092499. [PMID: 32354093 PMCID: PMC7248862 DOI: 10.3390/s20092499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evanescent fields along multimode fibers are usually relatively weak. To enhance the sensitivity of the resulting sensors, skew rays have been exploited for their larger number of total internal reflections and their more comprehensive spread over the fiber surface. The uniform distribution of light-matter interactions across the fiber surface facilitates high sensitivity through an increased interaction area, while mitigating the risk of laser-induced coating-material damage and photobleaching. Power-dependent measurements are less susceptible to temperature effects than interferometric techniques, and place loose requirements on the laser source. This review highlights the key developments in this area, while discussing the benefits, challenges as well as future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Y. Chen
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratories, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095 SA, Australia;
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Technology of Shandong Province; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - David G. Lancaster
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratories, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095 SA, Australia;
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Chuang CS, Wu CY, Juan PH, Hou NC, Fan YJ, Wei PK, Sheen HJ. LMP1 gene detection using a capped gold nanowire array surface plasmon resonance sensor in a microfluidic chip. Analyst 2020; 145:52-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new detection device by using SPR nanowire array chip and a microfluidics system was developed. A simple, low-cost and reproducible SPR nanowire chip with a visible light source displayed real-time detection capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Shen Chuang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Chieh-Ying Wu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Juan
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Nai-Cheng Hou
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei 11031
- Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Horn-Jiunn Sheen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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Cennamo N, Trigona C, Graziani S, Zeni L, Arcadio F, Di Pasquale G, Pollicino A. An Eco-Friendly Disposable Plasmonic Sensor Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Gold. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:s19224894. [PMID: 31717550 PMCID: PMC6891592 DOI: 10.3390/s19224894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In several application fields, plasmonic sensor platforms combined with bio-receptors are intensively used to obtain biosensors. Most of these commercial devices are based on a disposable chip. Usually a gold chip, functionalized with a specific bio-receptor, inside a costly sensor system, is used. In this work, we propose a low-cost and small-size sensor system, used for monitoring a disposable plasmonic chip, based on an innovative optical waveguide made of bacterial cellulose (BC). In particular, we have sputtered gold on the green slab waveguide that is able to excite localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Experimental results are presented on the capabilities of using the BC-based composite as an eco-friendly plasmonic sensor platform, which could be exploited for realizing disposable biosensors. The sensor has been used with optical fibers and simple equipment. More specifically, the fibers connect the green disposable LSPR sensor with a light source and with a spectrometer. The novel plasmonic sensing approach has been tested using two different optical waveguide configurations of BC, with and without ions inside BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Carlo Trigona
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (DIEEI), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Graziani
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (DIEEI), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Giovanna Di Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Pollicino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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Pathak AK, Rahman BMA, Singh VK, Kumari S. Sensitivity Enhancement of a Concave Shaped Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Covered with Multiple Au Nanowires. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194210. [PMID: 31569806 PMCID: PMC6807291 DOI: 10.3390/s19194210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, a new kind of concave shaped refractive index sensor (CSRIS) exploiting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is proposed and numerically optimized. The LSPR effect between polaritons and the core guided mode of designed CSRIS is used to enhance the sensing performance. The sensor is characterized for two types of sensing structures coated with gold (Au) film and Au nanowires (AuNWs), respectively. The influence of structural parameters such as the distance (D) of the concave shaped channel (CSC) from the core, the diameter of the nanowire (dn) and the size (s) of the CSC are investigated here. In comparison to Au film, the AuNWs are shown to significantly enhance the sensitivity and the performance of the designed sensor. An enhanced sensitivity of 4471 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) is obtained with AuNWs, for a wide range of analytes refractive index (na) varying between 1.33 to 1.38. However, for conventional Au film; the sensitivity of 808.57 nm/RIU is obtained for the same range of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pathak
- Optical Fiber Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India.
- Department of School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - B M A Rahman
- Department of School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - V K Singh
- Optical Fiber Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India.
| | - S Kumari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, India
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A Novel Approach to Realizing Low-Cost Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors: Light-Diffusing Fibers Covered by Thin Metal Films. FIBERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fib7040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated, in a numerical and experimental way, a refractive index (RI) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a silver-coated light-diffusing fiber (LDF). The experimental tests were conducted using water-glycerine mixtures with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 to 1.388. In the considered refractive index range, the experimental results show a sensitivity of the SPR wavelength to the outer medium’s RI ranging from 2600 to 4700 nm/RIU, which is larger than the sensitivity recently reported for a gold-coated LDF sensor (1200 to 4000nm/RIU). The silver-coated sensor is also shown to ensure a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the gold-coated sensor.
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12
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Frequency-Shifted Optical Feedback Measurement Technologies Using a Solid-State Microchip Laser. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since its first application toward displacement measurements in the early-1960s, laser feedback interferometry has become a fast-developing precision measurement modality with many kinds of lasers. By employing the frequency-shifted optical feedback, microchip laser feedback interferometry has been widely researched due to its advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure, and easy alignment. More recently, the laser confocal feedback tomography has been proposed, which combines the high sensitivity of laser frequency-shifted feedback effect and the axial positioning ability of confocal microscopy. In this paper, the principles of a laser frequency-shifted optical feedback interferometer and laser confocal feedback tomography are briefly introduced. Then we describe their applications in various kinds of metrology regarding displacement measurement, vibration measurement, physical quantities measurement, imaging, profilometry, microstructure measurement, and so on. Finally, the existing challenges and promising future directions are discussed.
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