Optical Assembling of Micro-Particles at a Glass–Water Interface with Diffraction Patterns Caused by the Limited Aperture of Objective

Formation of Two-Dimensional Magnetically Responsive Clusters Using Hematite Particles Self-Assembled via Particle-Induced Heating at an Interface

Hematite particles, which exhibit a high magnetic moment, are used to apply large forces on physical and biological systems under magnetic fields to investigate various phenomena, such as those of rheology and micromanipulation. However, the magnetic confinement of these particles requires complicated field configurations. On the other hand, laser-assisted optical confinement of single hematite particles results in thermophoresis and subsequent ejection of the particle from the laser spot. Herein, we explore an alternative strategy to induce the self-assembly of hematite. In this strategy, with indirect influence from an optically confined and heated upconverting particle (UCP) at an air-water interface, there is the generation of convection currents that facilitate assembly. We also show that the assembly remains at the interface even after removal of the laser light. The hematite particle assemblies can then be moved using magnetic fields and employed to perform interfacial rheology.

An opto-thermal approach for rotating a trapped core-shell magnetic microparticle with patchy shell

The ability to trap and rotate magnetic particles has important applications in biophysical research and optical micromachines. However, it is difficult to achieve the spin rotation of magnetic particles with optical tweezers due to the limit in transferring spin angular momentum of light. Here, we propose a method to obtain controlled spin rotation of a magnetic microparticle by the phoretic torque, which is originated from inhomogeneous heating of the microparticle's surface. The microparticle is trapped and rotated nearby the laser focus center. The rotation frequency is several Hertz and can be controlled by adjusting the laser power. Our work provides a method to the study of optical rotation of microscopic magnetic particles, which will push toward both translational and rotational manipulation of the microparticles simultaneously in a single optical trap.

Experimental Study of Transverse Trapping Forces of an Optothermal Trap Close to an Absorbing Reflective Film

The optothermal manipulation of micro-objects is significant for understanding and exploring the unknown in the microscale word, which has found many applications in colloidal science and life science. In this work, we study the transverse forces of an optothermal trap in front of a gold film, which is an absorbing reflective surface for the incident laser beam. It is demonstrated that optothermal forces can be divided into two parts: optical force of a standing-wave trap, and thermal force of a thermal trap. The optical force of the standing-wave trap can be obtained by measuring the optical trapping force close to a non-absorbing film with same reflectance. The thermal force can be obtained by subtracting the optical force of the standing-wave trap from the total trapping force of the optothermal trap close to the gold film. The results show that both optical and thermal trapping forces increase with laser power increasing. The optical trapping force is larger than the thermal trapping force, which is composed of convective drag force and thermophoretic force. Further experiment is run to study the composition of thermal force. The result shows that the convective flow is generated later than the thermophoretic flow. The results proposed here are useful for enabling users to optimize optothermal manipulation method for future applications.

Formation of a Giant Anisotropically Ordered Assembled Structure of Inorganic Nanosheets through an Optically Induced Stream

Formation of a desirable submillimeter-scaled assembled structure of particles in the colloid is a difficult subject in colloidal chemistry. Herein, a submillimeter-scaled ordered assembled structure consisting of highly anisotropic two-dimensional plate-like particles, niobate nanosheets, was obtained through an optical manipulation technique that was assisted by a scattering-force-induced stream. A 532 nm continuous wave laser beam with a power of 400 mW was used to illuminate a liquid crystalline niobate nanosheet colloid from the bottom side of a sample cell, inducing the stream of oriented nanosheets toward the upper side of the sample cell. As a result, a 200 μm ordered assembled structure consisting of oriented nanosheets was formed. The assembled structure was also characterized by two-dimensional anisotropy, reflecting that the highly anisotropic morphologies of each nanosheet and the shape of that structure were dependent on the polarization of incident illumination. This study has revealed a new noncontact and on-demand way to obtain submillimeter-scaled ordered anisotropic colloidal assembled structures of nanosized particles such as nanosheets, contributing to fundamental materials science and expanding the utilities of nanosheets.

Sequential capillarity-assisted particle assembly in a microfluidic channel

Colloidal patterning enables the placement of a wide range of materials into prescribed spatial arrangements, as required in a variety of applications, including micro- and nano-electronics, sensing, and plasmonics. Directed colloidal assembly methods, which exploit external forces to place particles with high yield and great accuracy, are particularly powerful. However, currently available techniques require specialized equipment, which limits their applicability. Here, we present a microfluidic platform to produce versatile colloidal patterns within a microchannel, based on sequential capillarity-assisted particle assembly (sCAPA). This new microfluidic technology exploits the capillary forces resulting from the controlled motion of an evaporating droplet inside a microfluidic channel to deposit individual particles in an array of traps microfabricated onto a substrate. Sequential depositions allow the generation of a desired spatial layout of colloidal particles of single or multiple types, dictated solely by the geometry of the traps and the filling sequence. We show that the platform can be used to create a variety of patterns and that the microfluidic channel easily allows surface functionalization of trapped particles. By enabling colloidal patterning to be carried out in a controlled environment, exploiting equipment routinely used in microfluidics, we demonstrate an easy-to-build platform that can be implemented in microfluidics labs.

Laser Induced Aggregation of Light Absorbing Particles by Marangoni Convection

Laser induced Marangoni convection can be used to accumulate micro-particles. In this paper, a method is developed to control and accumulate the light absorbing particles dispersed in a thin solution layer. The particles are irradiated by a focused laser beam. Due to the photothermal effect of the particles, the laser heating generates a thermal gradient and induces a convective flow around the laser’s heating center. The convective flow drives the particles to accumulate and form a particle aggregate close to the laser’s heating center. The motion of particles is dominated by the Marangoni convection. When the laser power is high, the vapor bubbles generated by laser heating on particles strengthen the convection, which accelerates the particles’ aggregation.

Opto-thermal oscillation and trapping of light absorbing particles

We present an experimental study on opto-thermal oscillation and trapping of light absorbing particles. The oscillation is a three-dimensional motion in the solution. The particles at the lower substrate of the sample cell are driven towards the center of optical trap by the optical force. When the particles arrive at the location near the trap center, the laser heating on the particles results in a strong thermal gradient force that repels the particles to leave the focus spot. Next, the particles slow down under the viscous drag force. At last, the particles settle to the lower substrate of sample cell due to gravity, and restart the new oscillation process. For opto-thermal trapping of the absorbing particles, the particles are dispersed in a thin cell to compress the convention and enhance the viscous resistance. The particles can be trapped close to the spot due to the balance of optical and thermal gradient forces.