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Chen Y, Sun G, Wei J, Miao Y, Zhang W, Wu K, Wang Q. Ultrahigh-Q Polarization-Independent Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber Using Pattern-Free Graphene for Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:605. [PMID: 38607139 PMCID: PMC11013051 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to noble metals, graphene exhibits significantly lower loss, especially useful for optical sensing applications that require ultrahigh Q factors, and offer wide range tunability via an adjustable Fermi level. However, precise graphene patterning is difficult, especially for large areas, severely limiting its applications. Here, a tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber (TMMA) with ultrahigh Q factors consisting of a continuous, pattern-free graphene is demonstrated. A graphene sheet is overlaid on an Al metal array, forming a structure that supports strong localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) with fields tightly confined in the graphene, minimizing loss. Theoretical results show that this TMMA exhibits an ultrahigh Q factor of 1730, a frequency sensitivity of 2.84 THz/RIU, and an excellent figure of merit (FoM) of 365.85 RIU-1, independent of polarization. A tunability from ~2.25 to ~3.25 THz is also achieved by tuning Ef of graphene from 0.3 to 0.7 eV. The proposed graphene-based TMMA holds many potential applications, particularly in the field of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guotao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiang Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qingkang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
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Zhao C, Wang H, Bu Y, Zou H, Wang X. Structures, principles, and properties of metamaterial perfect absorbers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30145-30171. [PMID: 37916298 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are a kind of artificial material with special properties, showing huge potential for applications in fields such as infrared measurement, solar cells, optical sensors, and optical stealth. A metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is designed based on a metamaterial, featuring strong absorption, small volume, light weight, ultra-bandwidth, tunability and other characteristics. This paper introduces the absorption mechanism of MPAs from microwave to optical wave band, and four directions of absorber design are elaborated. Equivalent impedance matching, plasma resonance and interference effect are the main absorption mechanisms of MPA. Multiband perfect absorption, ultra-wideband and ultra-narrowband perfect absorption, polarization and angle insensitive absorption, and dynamically controllable tunable absorption are the main design aspects. Among them, the proposal of a dynamically tunable absorber realizes the dynamic absorption. Finally, the problems and challenges of metamaterial perfect absorber design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yanyan Bu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiangfu Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy (Wuhan University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, 430081, China
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Khan MS, Varshney G, Giri P. Altering the Multimodal Resonance in Ultrathin Silicon Ring for Tunable THz Biosensing. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 20:488-496. [PMID: 34410927 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A technique is implemented for altering the multimodal resonance generated in an ultrathin silicon ring resonator-based terahertz (THz) absorber. The absorber provides the dual-band resonance with the excitation of magnetic and electric dipole in the lower and upper band, respectively. The field of magnetic and electric dipoles is altered using a non-resonant graphene ring placed in the center of the generated dipolar arrangement and the tunability and perfect absorption is achieved. A circuit model is prepared using transmission line method and absorber operation is verified. The proposed absorber can be utilized as a biosensor for the detection of malaria virus and glucose percentage in water. The sensor offers highest sensitivity as 0.29 and 0.27 THz per thickness unit change and quality factor as 117.53 and 245 in the lower and upper band, respectively during the sensing of analyte thickness. Also, it offers the sensitivity as 0.20 and 0.10 THz per refractive index unit change and quality factor as 105.28 and 211.84 in the lower and upper band, respectively during refractive index sensing. Moreover, the structure remains insensitive to polarization angle of the incident electromagnetic wave.
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Shi L, Shang J, Liu Z, Li Y, Fu G, Liu X, Pan P, Luo H, Liu G. Ultra-narrow multi-band polarization-insensitive plasmonic perfect absorber for sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:465501. [PMID: 32764189 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abad60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically propose a simple ultra-narrow multi-band perfect absorber for sensing applications. The perfect absorber consists of periodically arranged metallic nanodisks etched with regular prismatic holes standing on the dielectric-metal bi-layer films. Multiple ultra-narrow perfect absorption bands are obtained in the near-infrared region with the maximum bandwidth less than 21 nm and the intensity as high as 99.86%. The ultra-narrow multi-band perfect absorption originates from the synergy of localized surface plasmons, propagating surface plasmons and lattice resonances. The perfect absorber also presents other significant advantages, e.g. polarization insensitivity and high sensitivity of surrounding environments. Moreover, the prominent sensing performance for detecting the trace amounts of glucose in water is demonstrated. These features make it a promising candidate with great potential in the fields of perfect absorbers, plasmonic sensors, filters and multiplexing binding bio-molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 People's Republic of China
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Dual-Band Light Absorption Enhancement in Hyperbolic Rectangular Array. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dual-band light absorption enhancement in a hyperbolic rectangular array (HRA) is presented. The enhanced light absorption of the HRA results from the propagating surface plasmon (PSP) resonance, and a dual-band absorption with low and flat sideband level can be realized. The impedance theory is used to evaluate the absorption properties of the HRA, and shows that the input impedances of the HRA varied abruptly around the absorption bands to meet the impedance matching. The absorption spectra of the HRA can be estimated using the effective medium theory (EMT), and its accuracy can be improved as the number of film stacks is increased. The dual-band absorptions of the HRA are very robust to the variations of the width and the number of film stack. Potential application in refractive index sensing can be achieved by utilizing the two absorption bands.
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