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Nambiraj B, Kunka Ravindran A, Muthu SP, Perumalsamy R. Cost-Effective Synthesis Method: Toxic Solvent-Free Approach for Stable Mixed Cation Perovskite Powders in Photovoltaic Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400768. [PMID: 38923854 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic lead halide perovskite powders have gained widespread attention for their intriguing properties, showcasing remarkable performance in the optoelectronic applications. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) microcrystals (MCs) is synthesized using retrograde solubility-driven crystallization. Additionally, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and cesium lead iodide (δ-CsPbI3) MCs are prepared through a sonochemical process, employing low-grade PbX2 (X = I & Br) precursors and an eco-friendly green solvent (γ-Valerolactone). The study encompasses an analysis of the structural, optical, thermal, elemental, and morphological characteristics of FAPbI3, MAPbBr3, and CsPbI3 MCs. Upon analysing phase stability, a phase transition in FAPbI3 MCs is observed after 2 weeks. To address this issue, a powder-based mechanochemical method is employed to synthesize stable mixed cation perovskite powders (MCPs) by subjecting FAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 MCs with varying concentrations of CsPbI3. Furthermore, the performance of mixed cation perovskites are examined using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The impact of cesium incorporation in the photovoltaic characteristics is elucidated. All mixed cation absorbers exhibited optimal device performance with a thickness ranging between 0.6-1.5 µm. It's worth noting that the MCPs exhibit impressive ambient stability, remaining structurally intact and retaining their properties without significant degradation for 70 days of ambient exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balagowtham Nambiraj
- Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, TN, 603110, India
| | - Acchutharaman Kunka Ravindran
- Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, TN, 603110, India
| | - Senthil Pandian Muthu
- Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, TN, 603110, India
| | - Ramasamy Perumalsamy
- Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, TN, 603110, India
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2
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Hoeksma MM, Williams RM. Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI 3 and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA 0.8MA 0.2PbI 3 up to 3.7 µs. Molecules 2024; 29:516. [PMID: 38276594 PMCID: PMC10821160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adding zinc (II) cations and formate anions improves the thermal phase stability of α-FAPbI3 materials, and the spin-coated thin films of such doped FAPbI3 (produced using MACl) show an increased emission lifetime of up to 3.7 μs on quartz (for FA0.8MA0.2PbI3). This work investigates the effects of zinc and formate on the phase stability and time-resolved photoluminescence of FAPbI3 perovskites for solar cell applications. Perovskite samples with varying concentrations of zinc and formate were made by incorporating different amounts of zinc formate and zinc iodide and were characterized with XRD. Doping levels of 1.7% Zn(II) and 1.0% formate (relative to Pb) seem optimal. The thermal phase stability of the doped perovskite powders (FAPbI3) and thin films (FA0.8MA0.2PbI3) was assessed. XRD of the thin films after 6 months shows only the alpha-phase. The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy of the doped spin-coated perovskite samples (FA0.8MA0.2PbI3 produced using MACl) is reported. The results show that synergy between an anionic and a cationic dopant can take place, making the perovskite thermally more phase-stable (not converting to the yellow delta-phase) with a longer charge carrier lifetime. In order to produce good thin films by spin coating, the use of MACl was essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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3
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Soopy AKK, Parida B, Aravindh SA, O. Al Ghaithi A, Qamhieh N, Amrane N, Benkraouda M, Liu S(F, Najar A. Towards High Performance: Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with Cu-Doped CH 3NH 3PbI 3. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38251137 PMCID: PMC10821043 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated remarkable photovoltaic performance, positioning themselves as promising devices in the field. Theoretical calculations suggest that copper (Cu) can serve as an effective dopant, potentially occupying interstitial sites in the perovskite structure, thereby reducing the energy barrier and enhancing carrier extraction. Subsequent experimental investigations confirm that adding CuI as an additive to MAPbI3-based perovskite cells improves optoelectronic properties and overall device performance. Optimizing the amount of Cu (0.01 M) has been found to significantly enhance crystalline quality and grain size, leading to improved light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu-doped PSCs increased from 16.3% to 18.2%. However, excessive Cu doping (0.1 M) negatively impacts morphology, resulting in inferior optical properties and diminished device performance. Furthermore, Cu-doped PSCs exhibit higher stabilized power output (SPO) compared to pristine cells. This study underscores the substantial benefits of Cu doping for advancing the development of highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kareem Kalathil Soopy
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Bhaskar Parida
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
| | - S. Assa Aravindh
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit (NANOMO), University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Asma O. Al Ghaithi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Naser Qamhieh
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Noureddine Amrane
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Maamar Benkraouda
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Adel Najar
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.K.S.); (B.P.); (A.O.A.G.); (N.Q.); (N.A.); (M.B.)
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4
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Marchant C, Williams RM. Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells-compositions for improved stability and power conversion efficiency. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1-22. [PMID: 37991706 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells (PSTSCs) represent an emerging opportunity to compete with industry-standard single junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single junction cells is set by the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit (33.7%). However, tandem cells can expand this value to ~ 45% by utilising two stacked solar cells to harvest the solar spectrum more efficiently. 33.9% PCE has already been achieved with PSTSCs. This perspective analyses recent advances in PSTSC technology, with an emphasis on optimal perovskite composition, the problem and mitigation of light-induced halide phase segregation, self-assembled hole transporting monolayers and additives that can improve and stabilise the perovskite. Top-performing compositions show three cationic components (Cs+, FA+, Pb2+) and three anionic (I-, Br-, Cl-) with a bandgap between 1.55 and 1.77 eV and a theoretical maximum of 1.73 eV (717 nm). Anionic additives such as (Br3)- and SCN- reduce trap states and segregation. 2D-perovskite grain boundary interfaces are created with cationic alkylammonium additives such as methyl-phenethylammonium (MPEA) and result in improved performance. 2-, 3- or 4-terminal devices with a (partly) textured silicon heterojunction (SHJ) bottom cell are ideal. An ultra-thin interfacial recombination layer (~ 5 nm) of indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) containing a carbazole-based hole transporting self-assembled monolayer (Me-4PACz) is used for optimal 2-terminal tandem devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Marchant
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René M Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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D'Amato M, Belzane L, Dabard C, Silly M, Patriarche G, Glorieux Q, Le Jeannic H, Lhuillier E, Bramati A. Highly Photostable Zn-Treated Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Efficient Single Photon Generation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10228-10235. [PMID: 37930320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving pure single-photon emission is essential for a range of quantum technologies, from quantum computing to quantum key distribution to quantum metrology. Among solid-state quantum emitters, colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their structural and optical properties, which make them attractive candidates for single-photon sources (SPSs). However, their practical utilization has been hampered by environment-induced instabilities. In this study, we fabricate and characterize in a systematic manner Zn-treated CsPbBr3 colloidal NCs obtained through Zn2+ ion doping at the Pb-site, demonstrating improved stability under dilution and illumination. The doped NCs exhibit high single-photon purity, reduced blinking on a submillisecond time scale, and stability of the bright state even at excitation powers well above saturation. Our findings highlight the potential of this synthesis approach to optimize the performance of LHP-based SPSs, opening up interesting prospects for their integration into nanophotonic systems for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D'Amato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Lucien Belzane
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Silly
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Bd Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Quentin Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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6
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Ghosh S, Rana D, Pradhan B, Donfack P, Hofkens J, Materny A. Raman Spectroscopy of Formamidinium-Based Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskite Bulk Crystals. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300303. [PMID: 37544892 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an impressively fast technological progress in the development of highly efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells. Nonetheless, the stability of perovskite films and associated solar cells remains a source of uncertainty and necessitates sophisticated characterization techniques. Here, we report low- to mid-frequency resonant Raman spectra of formamidinium-based lead mixed-halide perovskites. The assignment of the different Raman lines in the measured spectra is assisted by DFT simulations of the Raman spectra of suitable periodic model systems. An important result of this work is that both experiment and theory point to an increase of the stability of the perovskite structure with increasing chloride doping concentration. In the Raman spectra, this is reflected by the appearance of new lines due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Thus, higher chloride doping results in less torsional motion and lower asymmetric bending contributing to higher stability. This study yields a solid basis for the interpretation of the Raman spectra of formamidinium-based mixed-halide perovskites, furthering the understanding of the properties of these materials, which is essential for their full exploitation in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ghosh
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Debkumar Rana
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bapi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Patrice Donfack
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arnulf Materny
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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7
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Shyma AP, Sellappan R. Computational Probing of Tin-Based Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Absorber Parameters and Various Electron Transport Layer Materials on Device Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7859. [PMID: 36363447 PMCID: PMC9656284 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tin-based perovskite solar cells have gained global research attention due to the lead toxicity and health risk associated with its lead-based analog. The promising opto-electrical properties of the Tin-based perovskite have attracted researchers to work on developing Tin-based perovskite solar cells with higher efficiencies comparable to lead-based analogs. Tin-based perovskites outperform lead-based ones in areas such as optimal band gap and carrier mobility. A detailed understanding of the effects of each parameter and working conditions on Tin-based perovskite is crucial in order to improve efficiency. In the present work, we have carried out a numerical simulation of a planar heterojunction Tin-based (CH3NH3SnI3) perovskite solar cell employing a SCAPS 1D simulator. Device parameters, namely, the thickness of the absorber layer, the defect density of the absorber layer, working temperature, series resistance, and metalwork function, were exclusively investigated. ZnO was employed as the ETL (electron transport layer) material in the initial simulation to obtain optimized parameters and attained a maximum efficiency of 19.62% with 1.1089 V open circuit potential (Voc) at 700 nm thickness (absorber layer). Further, different ETL materials were introduced into the optimized device architecture, and the Zn2SnO4-based device delivered an efficiency of 24.3% with a Voc of 1.1857 V. The obtained results indicate a strong possibility to model and construct better-performing perovskite solar cells based on Tin (Sn) with Zn2SnO4 as the ETL layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raja Sellappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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8
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Incorporation of zinc ions towards low toxicity and high stability of organic-inorganic methyl ammonium lead bromide perovskite QDs via ultrasonication route for white-LEDs. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Mazumdar S, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Remedies. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic–organic metal halide perovskite light harvester-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have come to the limelight of solar cell research due to their rapid growth in efficiency. At present, stability and reliability are challenging aspects concerning the Si-based or thin film-based commercial devices. Commercialization of perovskite solar cells remains elusive due to the lack of stability of these devices under real operational conditions, especially for longer duration use. A large number of researchers have been engaged in an ardent effort to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the degradation mechanisms has been the primary importance before exploring the remedies for degradation. In this review, a methodical understanding of various degradation mechanisms of perovskites and perovskite solar cells is presented followed by a discussion on different steps taken to overcome the stability issues. Recent insights on degradation mechanisms are discussed. Various approaches of stability enhancement are reviewed with an emphasis on reports that complied with the operational standard for practical application in a commercial solar module. The operational stability standard enacted by the International Electrotechnical Commission is especially discussed with reports that met the requirements or showed excellent results, which is the most important criterion to evaluate a device’s actual prospect to be utilized for practical applications in commercial solar modules. An overall understanding of degradation pathways in perovskites and perovskite solar cells and steps taken to overcome those with references including state-of-the-art devices with promising operational stability can be gained from this review.
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Liu X, Shao G, Zhang Y, Liang X, Li C, Xiang W. CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 perovskite nanocrystals glasses powder optimized by Zn2+ for photocatalytic hydrogen production. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Minimizing Defect States in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cell Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to reach the theoretical efficiency limits of lead-based metal halide perovskite solar cells, the voltage should be enhanced because it suffers from non-radiative recombination. Perovskite materials contain intrinsic defects that can act as Shockley–Read–Hall recombination centers. Several experimental and computational studies have characterized such defect states within the band gap. We give a systematic overview of compositional engineering by distinguishing the different defect-reducing mechanisms. Doping effects are divided into influences on: (1) crystallization; (2) lattice properties. Incorporation of dopant influences the lattice properties by: (a) lattice strain relaxation; (b) chemical bonding enhancement; (c) band gap tuning. The intrinsic lattice strain in undoped perovskite was shown to induce vacancy formation. The incorporation of smaller ions, such as Cl, F and Cd, increases the energy for vacancy formation. Zn doping is reported to induce strain relaxation but also to enhance the chemical bonding. The combination of computational studies using (DFT) calculations quantifying and qualifying the defect-reducing propensities of different dopants with experimental studies is essential for a deeper understanding and unraveling insights, such as the dynamics of iodine vacancies and the photochemistry of the iodine interstitials, and can eventually lead to a more rational approach in the search for optimal photovoltaic materials.
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Tian C, Liang Y, Chen W, Huang Y, Huang X, Tian F, Yang X. Hydrogen-bond enhancement triggered structural evolution and band gap engineering of hybrid perovskite (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4 under high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1841-1846. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have gained substantial attention due to their excellent photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yongfu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Wuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yanping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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13
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McDonald C, Ni C, Maguire P, Connor P, Irvine JTS, Mariotti D, Svrcek V. Nanostructured Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101481. [PMID: 31635204 PMCID: PMC6835749 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, lead halide perovskites have emerged as one of the leading photovoltaic materials due to their long carrier lifetimes, high absorption coefficients, high tolerance to defects, and facile processing methods. With a bandgap of ~1.6 eV, lead halide perovskite solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies in excess of 25%. Despite this, poor material stability along with lead contamination remains a significant barrier to commercialization. Recently, low-dimensional perovskites, where at least one of the structural dimensions is measured on the nanoscale, have demonstrated significantly higher stabilities, and although their power conversion efficiencies are slightly lower, these materials also open up the possibility of quantum-confinement effects such as carrier multiplication. Furthermore, both bulk perovskites and low-dimensional perovskites have been demonstrated to form hybrids with silicon nanocrystals, where numerous device architectures can be exploited to improve efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of perovskite solar cells, and report the current progress in nanoscale perovskites, such as low-dimensional perovskites, perovskite quantum dots, and perovskite-nanocrystal hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McDonald
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Chengsheng Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Paul Maguire
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT14 8RT, UK.
| | - Paul Connor
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
| | - Davide Mariotti
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT14 8RT, UK.
| | - Vladimir Svrcek
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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14
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Bowman AR, Klug MT, Doherty TAS, Farrar MD, Senanayak SP, Wenger B, Divitini G, Booker EP, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Macpherson S, Ruggeri E, Sirringhaus H, Snaith HJ, Stranks SD. Microsecond Carrier Lifetimes, Controlled p-Doping, and Enhanced Air Stability in Low-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2019; 4:2301-2307. [PMID: 31544151 PMCID: PMC6748266 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lead-tin halide perovskites have sufficiently low bandgaps (∼1.2 eV) to be promising absorbers for perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. Previous reports on lead-tin perovskites have typically shown poor optoelectronic properties compared to neat lead counterparts: short photoluminescence lifetimes (<100 ns) and low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (<1%). Here, we obtain films with carrier lifetimes exceeding 1 μs and, through addition of small quantities of zinc iodide to the precursor solutions, photoluminescence quantum efficiencies under solar illumination intensities of 2.5%. The zinc additives also substantially enhance the film stability in air, and we use cross-sectional chemical mapping to show that this enhanced stability is because of a reduction in tin-rich clusters. By fabricating field-effect transistors, we observe that the introduction of zinc results in controlled p-doping. Finally, we show that zinc additives also enhance power conversion efficiencies and the stability of solar cells. Our results demonstrate substantially improved low-bandgap perovskites for solar cells and versatile electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Bowman
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T. Klug
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tiarnan A. S. Doherty
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Farrar
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Wenger
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Edward P. Booker
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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15
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Muscarella L, Petrova D, Jorge Cervasio R, Farawar A, Lugier O, McLure C, Slaman MJ, Wang J, Ehrler B, von Hauff E, Williams RM. Air-Stable and Oriented Mixed Lead Halide Perovskite (FA/MA) by the One-Step Deposition Method Using Zinc Iodide and an Alkylammonium Additive. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17555-17562. [PMID: 30990007 PMCID: PMC6523997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a one-step method to produce air-stable, large-grain mixed cationic lead perovskite films and powders under ambient conditions. The introduction of 2.5 % of Zn(II), confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), results in stable thin films which show the same absorption and crystal structure after 2 weeks of storage under ambient conditions. Next to prolonged stability, the introduction of Zn(II) affects photophysical properties, reducing the bulk defect density, enhancing the photoluminescence (PL), and extending the charge carrier lifetime. Furthermore, 3-chloropropylamine hydrochloride is applied as the film-forming agent. The presence of this amine hydrochloride additive results in highly oriented and large crystal domains showing an ulterior improvement of PL intensity and lifetime. The material can also be prepared as black precursor powder by a solid-solid reaction under ambient conditions and can be pressed into a perovskite pellet. The prolonged stability and the easy fabrication in air makes this material suitable for large-scale, low-cost processing for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta
A. Muscarella
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dina Petrova
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Jorge Cervasio
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aram Farawar
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olivier Lugier
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte McLure
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Slaman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Junke Wang
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth von Hauff
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular
Photonics Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- E-mail:
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