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Cipolato O, Dosnon L, Rosendorf J, Sarcevic S, Zäch M, Bondi A, Liska V, Schlegel AA, Herrmann IK. Nanothermometry-Enabled Intelligent Laser Tissue Soldering. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300693. [PMID: 37592160 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
While often life-saving, surgical resectioning of diseased tissues puts patients at risk for post-operative complications. Sutures and staples are well-accepted and routinely used to reconnect tissues, however, their mechanical mismatch with biological soft tissue and invasiveness contribute to wound healing complications, infections, and post-operative fluid leakage. In principle, laser tissue soldering offers an attractive, minimally-invasive alternative for seamless soft tissue fusion. However, despite encouraging experimental observations, including accelerated healing and lowered infection risk, critical issues related to temperature monitoring and control during soldering and associated complications have prevented their clinical exploitation to date. Here, intelligent laser tissue soldering (iSoldering) with integrated nanothermometry is introduced as a promising yet unexplored approach to overcome the critical shortcomings of laser tissue soldering. It demonstrates that adding thermoplasmonic and nanothermometry nanoparticles to proteinaceous solders enables heat confinement and non-invasive temperature monitoring and control, offering a route to high-performance, leak-tight tissue sealing even at deep tissue sites. The resulting tissue seals exhibit excellent mechanical properties and resistance to chemically-aggressive digestive fluids, including gastrointestinal juice. The iSolder can be readily cut and shaped by surgeons to optimally fit the tissue defect and can even be applied using infrared light from a medically approved light source, hence fulfilling key prerequisites for application in the operating theatre. Overall, iSoldering enables reproducible and well-controlled high-performance tissue sealing, offering new prospects for its clinical exploitation in diverse fields ranging from cardiovascular to visceral and plastic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cipolato
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Dosnon
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jachym Rosendorf
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Sima Sarcevic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Marius Zäch
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Bondi
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea A Schlegel
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre of Preclinical Research, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute and Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 44106, OH, Cleveland, United States
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Rutkowski G, Kołakowski P, Panasiuk K. The Analysis of Materials Strength Used in the Construction of the Flexible Underwater Bell-Batychron. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7768. [PMID: 36363360 PMCID: PMC9658304 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Batychron is a flexible underwater bell patented by the Gdynia Maritime University as a device used in hydro-technics engineering for underwater transport and diving while maintaining the safety of human life. This study aims to present the methods and results of strength tests and the conducted analysis of the selection of the most appropriate method of joining thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU) and polypropylene belts for underwater use to obtain a device with a specific buoyancy force. A universal testing machine with a hydraulic drive was used for the tests. Various methods of joining polypropylene belts were tested to select the most favourable in terms of strength properties. For this purpose, two types of materials were selected: the TE324 polyester belt and the TS501_50 style belt. Various connection methods have been used: without seams; zig-zag stitch, straight cross; cross stitch, straight longitudinal; cross stitch, straight transverse, in order to select a joint with the highest strength parameters. In addition, the tensile strength of individual types of belts was tested. The methods of joining the TPU film were verified. The obtained results allowed us to determine that the strongest bond of TE324 material is a straight, longitudinal cross stitch. This is related to the load distribution in the belts tested in laboratory conditions, but also reflected in their practical application. Thanks to the results obtained, it was possible to select the optimal methods of joining (connection) and the construction of Batychron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Rutkowski
- Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołakowski
- Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Panasiuk
- Faculty of Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
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Reconstruction of Soft Biological Tissues Using Laser Soldering Technology with Temperature Control and Biopolymer Nanocomposites. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060238. [PMID: 35735481 PMCID: PMC9219924 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser soldering is a current biophotonic technique for the surgical recovery of the integrity of soft tissues. This technology involves the use of a device providing laser exposure to the cut edges of the wound with a solder applied. The proposed solder consisted of an aqueous dispersion of biopolymer albumin (25 wt.%), single-walled carbon nanotubes (0.1 wt.%) and exogenous indocyanine green chromophore (0.1 wt.%). Under laser exposure, the dispersion transforms into a nanocomposite due to the absorption of radiation and its conversion into heat. The nanocomposite is a frame structure of carbon nanotubes in a biopolymer matrix, which provides adhesion of the wound edges and the formation of a strong laser weld. A new laser device based on a diode laser (808 nm) has been developed to implement the method. The device has a temperature feedback system based on a bolometric infrared matrix sensor. The system determines the hottest area of the laser weld and adjusts the current supplied to the diode laser to maintain the preset laser heating temperature. The laser soldering technology made it possible to heal linear defects (cuts) in the skin of laboratory animals (rabbits) without the formation of a fibrotic scar compared to the control (suture material). The combined use of a biopolymer nanocomposite solder and a laser device made it possible to achieve a tensile strength of the laser welds of 4 ± 0.4 MPa. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes to the solder composition leads to an increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the laser welds by 80%. The analysis of regenerative and morphological features in the early stages (1–3 days) after surgery revealed small wound gaps, a decrease in inflammation, the absence of microcirculatory disorders and an earlier epithelization of laser welds compared to the control. On the 10th day after the surgical operation, the laser weld was characterized by a thin cosmetic scar and a continuous epidermis covering the defect. An immunohistochemical analysis proved the absence of myofibroblasts in the area of the laser welds.
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