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Vidanapathirana M, Perera N, Emmanuel R, Coorey S. Air pollutant dispersion around high-rise building cluster forms: the case of Port City, Colombo, Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94166-94184. [PMID: 37526827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in dense urban environments is a growing concern, especially in rapidly developing cities. In the face of growing traffic associated with urbanisation, there is evidence for high levels of pollutant concentration at street level which is influenced by building forms. In this paper, we examine the potential effects of high-rise, cluster developments permitted by the local planning authorities in the newly established Port City development in Colombo, Sri Lanka. We designed possible building forms based on specific guidelines for the development in terms of plot coverage, floor area ratio, and maximum height. The three-dimensional building clusters were simulated using the RANS RNG k-epsilon turbulence model, to determine pollutant dispersion of a complex street formation in a high-dense high-rise building cluster, within the development and the surrounding context (existing Colombo). Results show that while increased porosity within the built fabric facilitates better pollution dispersion, a low correlation was seen between wind velocity and pollution concentration, especially in deep narrow high-rise canyons. Dispersion patterns at street level and at the urban canopy differed with each built form and are dependent on each canyon geometry. Thus, the study highlights the need for building regulations to take a holistic approach to capture the various elements of a complex urban cluster rather than the current two-dimensional parameters proposed for Port City, Colombo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malithie Vidanapathirana
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 10400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Narein Perera
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohinton Emmanuel
- The Research Centre for Built Environment Asset Management (BEAM), Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, G4 0BA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shaleeni Coorey
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 10400, Sri Lanka
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Wang W, Wang H, Huang J, Yang H, Li J, Liu Q, Wang Z. Causality and dynamic spillover effects of megacities on regional industrial pollution reduction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14047. [PMID: 36938459 PMCID: PMC10015212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional economic power and local environmental policies have a substantial impact on pollution reduction in urban agglomerations (UAs); however, whether megacities in UAs exert spillover effects of pollution reduction on surrounding cities remains unknown. This study presents a causal analytic framework to evaluate the spillover effects of megacities on regional industrial pollution reduction in three major UAs in China between 2005 and 2016. The interaction between industrial pollution reduction and infrastructure investment indicators was also examined. Results indicated a good fit for spatial spillover of sulfur dioxide reduction (SR) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) but not in the Beijing-Hebei-Tianjin cluster (JJJ). Spatial spillover of dust reduction (DR) was evident in the PRD and JJJ but not the YRD. Spatial analysis showed that infrastructure investment indicators, at megacity and UA levels, had short-term spillover effects on surrounding cities for DR but not SR. However, spatial spillover effects, at both the city and UA levels, were substantial over the long term. In addition, the results of the spatial-time lag analysis suggest a linear relationship between pollution control-related infrastructure investment indicators and long-term pollution reduction. This study provides new information regarding the spatial spillover effects of megacities on regional industrial pollution reduction in UAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710064, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- A.R. Sanchez Jr. School of Business, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, 78041, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Business, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, 76909, United States
| | - Huijun Yang
- College of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710064, China
| | - Jiefang Li
- Department of Tourism Management, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qinglan Liu
- Business School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zelang Wang
- School of Marxism, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Mgelwa AS, Song L, Fan M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chang Y, Pan Y, Gurmesa GA, Liu D, Huang S, Qiu Q, Fang Y. Isotopic imprints of aerosol ammonium over the north China plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120376. [PMID: 36228846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric PM2.5 poses a variety of health and environmental risks to urban environments. Ammonium is one of the main components of PM2.5, and its role in PM2.5 pollution will likely increase in the coming years as NH3 emissions are still unregulated and rising in many cities worldwide. However, partitioning urban NH4+ sources remains challenging. Although the 15N natural abundance (δ15N) analysis is a promising approach for this purpose, it has seldom been applied across multiple cities within a given region. This limits our understanding of the regional patterns and controls of NH4+ sources in urban environments. Here, we collected PM2.5 samples using an active sampling technique during winter at six cities in the North China Plain to characterize the concentrations, δ15N and sources of NH4+ in PM2.5. We found substantial variations in both the concentrations and δ15N of NH4+ among the sites. The mean NH4+ concentrations across the six cities ranged from 3.6 to 12.1 μg m-3 on polluted days and from 0.9 to 10.6 μg m-3 on non-polluted days. The δ15N ranged from 6.5‰ to 13.9‰ on polluted days and from 8.7‰ to 13.5‰ on non-polluted days. The δ15N decreased with increasing NH4+ concentrations at all six sites. We found that non-agricultural sources (vehicle exhaust, ammonia slip and urban wastes) contributed 72%-94% and 56%-86% of the NH4+ on polluted and non-polluted days, respectively, and that during polluted days, combustion-related emissions (vehicle exhaust and ammonia slip) were positively associated with the proportion of urban area, population density and number of vehicles, highlighting the importance of local sources of particulate pollution. This study suggests that the analysis of 15N in aerosol NH4+ is a promising approach for apportioning atmospheric NH3 sources over a large region, and this approach has potential for mapping rapidly and precisely the sources of NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; College of Natural Resources Management & Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture & Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania
| | - Linlin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiyi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yunhua Chang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Prevention and Ecological Security (Henan University), Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qingyan Qiu
- Forest Ecology & Stable Isotope Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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Mak HWL, Ng DCY. Spatial and Socio-Classification of Traffic Pollutant Emissions and Associated Mortality Rates in High-Density Hong Kong via Improved Data Analytic Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6532. [PMID: 34204413 PMCID: PMC8296480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Excessive traffic pollutant emissions in high-density cities result in thermal discomfort and are associated with devastating health impacts. In this study, an improved data analytic framework that combines geo-processing techniques, social habits of local citizens like traffic patterns and working schedule and district-wise building morphologies was established to retrieve street-level traffic NOx and PM2.5 emissions in all 18 districts of Hong Kong. The identification of possible human activity regions further visualizes the intersection between emission sources and human mobility. The updated spatial distribution of traffic emission could serve as good indicators for better air quality management, as well as the planning of social infrastructures in the neighborhood environment. Further, geo-processed traffic emission figures can systematically be distributed to respective districts via mathematical means, while the correlations of NOx and mortality within different case studies range from 0.371 to 0.783, while varying from 0.509 to 0.754 for PM2.5, with some assumptions imposed in our study. Outlying districts and good practices of maintaining an environmentally friendly transportation network were also identified and analyzed via statistical means. This newly developed data-driven framework of allocating and quantifying traffic emission could possibly be extended to other dense and heavily polluted cities, with the aim of enhancing health monitoring campaigns and relevant policy implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Wai Leung Mak
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daisy Chiu Yi Ng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
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