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Mohammed S, Gill AR, Ghosal K, Al-Dalahmeh M, Alsafadi K, Szabó S, Oláh J, Alkerdi A, Ocwa A, Harsanyi E. Assessment of the environmental kuznets curve within EU-27: Steps toward environmental sustainability (1990-2019). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 18:100312. [PMID: 37942458 PMCID: PMC10628553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Reducing environmental pollution is a critical goal in global environmental economics and economic development. The European Union (EU) faces environmental challenges due to its development activities. Here we present a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption (EC), population structure (POP), economy (GDP), and policies on the environment within the EU using the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Our research reveals that between 1990 and 2019, the EU-27 experienced an increase of +1.18 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) per year in energy consumption (p < 0.05), while CO2 emissions decreased by 24.25 million tonnes (Mt) per year (p < 0.05). The highest reduction in CO2 emissions occurred in Germany (-7.52 Mt CO2 annually), and the lowest in Latvia (-0.087 Mt CO2 annually). The empirical EKC analysis shows an inverted-U shaped relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions in the EU-27. Specifically, a 1% increase in GDP results in a 0.705% increase in carbon emission, while a 1% increase in GDP2 leads to a 0.062% reduction in environmental pollution in the long run (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that economic development within the EU has reached a stage where economic growth positively impacts the environment. Overall, this study provides insights into the effectiveness of environmental policies in mitigating degradation and promoting green growth in the EU 27 countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Mohammed
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abid Rashid Gill
- Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kaushik Ghosal
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O. 711103, Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal, 711103, India
| | - Main Al-Dalahmeh
- Institute of Management and Organization Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karam Alsafadi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Szilárd Szabó
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Oláh
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Trade and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Alkerdi
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Turkey
| | - Akasairi Ocwa
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Agriculture Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyambogo University P.O.B. 1, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Endre Harsanyi
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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The Impact of Agriculture on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Visegrad Group Countries after the World Economic Crisis of 2008. Comparative Study of the Researched Countries. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, added value from agriculture and economic growth in the Visegrad Group countries. Four countries of Central Europe were studied the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in 2008–2019. Due to the objectives of the article, it was decided to use the panel model. The temporal scope of the research covers the years 2008–2019, i.e., two economic periods: 2008–2014 (a downward trend, including agriculture), and 2015–2019 (an upward trend). Greenhouse gas emissions are positively correlated with value added from agriculture and economic growth. The increase in the level of these variables stimulates of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the countries of the Visegrad Group. The analysis of the eco-efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture, in relation to the gross added value produced, shows that the country with the least pollution of this value was Hungary, followed by Slovakia. The Czech Republic was third, and Poland was the last. The results of the research can be treated as a premise for a strategy for the development of agriculture, limiting the negative effects of its industrial development for more sustainable development.
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