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Maison A, Lugon L, Park SJ, Boissard C, Faucheux A, Gros V, Kalalian C, Kim Y, Leymarie J, Petit JE, Roustan Y, Sanchez O, Squarcioni A, Valari M, Viatte C, Vigneron J, Tuzet A, Sartelet K. Contrasting effects of urban trees on air quality: From the aerodynamic effects in streets to impacts of biogenic emissions in cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174116. [PMID: 38909817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees are often not considered in air-quality models although they can significantly impact the concentrations of pollutants. Gas and particles can deposit on leaf surfaces, lowering their concentrations, but the tree crown aerodynamic effect is antagonist, limiting the dispersion of pollutants in streets. Furthermore, trees emit Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) that react with other compounds to form ozone and secondary organic aerosols. This study aims to quantify the impacts of these three tree effects (dry deposition, aerodynamic effect and BVOC emissions) on air quality from the regional to the street scale over Paris city. Each tree effect is added in the model chain CHIMERE/MUNICH/SSH-aerosol. The tree location and characteristics are determined using the Paris tree inventory, combined with allometric equations. The air-quality simulations are performed over June and July 2022. The results show that the aerodynamic tree effect increases the concentrations of gas and particles emitted in streets, such as NOx (+4.6 % on average in streets with trees and up to +37 % for NO2). This effect increases with the tree Leaf Area Index and it is more important in streets with high traffic, suggesting to limit the planting of trees with large crowns on high-traffic streets. The effect of dry deposition of gas and particles on leaves is very limited, reducing the concentrations of O3 concentrations by -0.6 % on average and at most -2.5 %. Tree biogenic emissions largely increase the isoprene and monoterpene concentrations, bringing the simulated concentrations closer to observations. Over the two-week sensitivity analysis, biogenic emissions induce an increase of O3, organic particles and PM2.5 street concentrations by respectively +1.1, +2.4 and + 0.5 % on average over all streets. This concentration increase may reach locally +3.5, +12.3 and + 2.9 % respectively for O3, organic particles and PM2.5, suggesting to prefer the plantation of low-emitting VOC species in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maison
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau 91120, France; Now at Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure-PSL Université/École Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Lya Lugon
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Christophe Boissard
- LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France; Univ Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris 75013, France
| | - Aurélien Faucheux
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France; Now at Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Youngseob Kim
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de L'Environnement de Paris, IEES-Paris, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Yelva Roustan
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Olivier Sanchez
- Airparif, Association Agréée pour la Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en région Île-de-France, 7 rue Crillon, Paris 75004, France
| | - Alexis Squarcioni
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure-PSL Université/École Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Myrto Valari
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure-PSL Université/École Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Camille Viatte
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jérémy Vigneron
- Airparif, Association Agréée pour la Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en région Île-de-France, 7 rue Crillon, Paris 75004, France
| | - Andrée Tuzet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Karine Sartelet
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
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