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Mądziel M. Instantaneous CO 2 emission modelling for a Euro 6 start-stop vehicle based on portable emission measurement system data and artificial intelligence methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6944-6959. [PMID: 38155311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the increasingly common methods to counteract the increased fuel consumption of vehicles is start-stop technology. This paper introduces a methodology which presents the process of measuring and creating a computational model of CO2 emissions using artificial intelligence techniques for a vehicle equipped with start-stop technology. The method requires only measurement data of velocity, acceleration of vehicle, and gradient of road to predict the emission of CO2. In this paper, three methods of machine learning techniques were analyzed, while the best prediction results are shown by the gradient boosting method. For the developed models, the results were validated using the coefficient of determination, the mean squared error, and based on visual evaluation of residual and instantaneous emission plots and CO2 emission maps. The developed models present a novel methodology and can be used for microscale environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Mądziel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Wang X, Gronstal S, Lopez B, Jung H, Chen LWA, Wu G, Ho SSH, Chow JC, Watson JG, Yao Q, Yoon S. Evidence of non-tailpipe emission contributions to PM 2.5 and PM 10 near southern California highways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120691. [PMID: 36435278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations near highways are influenced by vehicle tailpipe and non-tailpipe emissions, other emission sources, and urban background aerosols. This study collected PM2.5 and PM10 filter samples near two southern California highways (I-5 and I-710) over two weeks in winter 2020. Samples were analyzed for chemical source markers. Mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were approximately 10-15 and 30 μg/m3, respectively. Organic matter, mineral dust, and elemental carbon (EC) were the most abundant PM components. EC and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at I-710 were 19-26% and 47% higher than those at the I-5 sites, respectively, likely due to a larger proportion of diesel vehicles. High correlations were found for elements with common sources, such as markers for brake wear (e.g., Fe, Ba, Cu, and Zr) and road dust (e.g., Al, Si, Ca, and Mn). Based on rubber abundances, the contributions of tire tread particles to PM2.5 and PM10 mass were approximately 8.0% at I-5 and 5.5% at I-710. Two different tire brands showed significantly different Si, Zn, carbon, and natural rubber abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV, 89512, USA.
| | - Steven Gronstal
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - Brenda Lopez
- University of California-Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Heejung Jung
- University of California-Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - L-W Antony Chen
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Guoyuan Wu
- University of California-Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV, 89512, USA; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judith C Chow
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - John G Watson
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - Qi Yao
- California Air Resources Board, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Seungju Yoon
- California Air Resources Board, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
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