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Kohler M, Bessardon G, Brooks B, Kalthoff N, Lohou F, Adler B, Olawale Jegede O, Altstädter B, Amekudzi LK, Aryee JNA, Atiah WA, Ayoola M, Babić K, Bärfuss K, Bezombes Y, Bret G, Brilouet PE, Cayle-Aethelhard F, Danuor S, Delon C, Derrien S, Dione C, Durand P, Fosu-Amankwah K, Gabella O, Groves J, Handwerker J, Jambert C, Kunka N, Lampert A, Leclercq J, Lothon M, Medina P, Miere A, Pätzold F, Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia X, Reinares Martínez I, Sharpe S, Smith V, Wieser A. A meteorological dataset of the West African monsoon during the 2016 DACCIWA campaign. Sci Data 2022; 9:174. [PMID: 35422487 PMCID: PMC9010450 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project, extensive in-situ measurements of the southern West African atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) have been performed at three supersites Kumasi (Ghana), Savè (Benin) and Ile-Ife (Nigeria) during the 2016 monsoon period (June and July). The measurements were designed to provide data for advancing our understanding of the relevant processes governing the formation, persistence and dissolution of nocturnal low-level stratus clouds and their influence on the daytime ABL in southern West Africa. An extensive low-level cloud deck often forms during the night and persists long into the following day strongly influencing the ABL diurnal cycle. Although the clouds are of a high significance for the regional climate, the dearth of observations in this region has hindered process understanding. Here, an overview of the measurements ranging from near-surface observations, cloud characteristics, aerosol and precipitation to the dynamics and thermodynamics in the ABL and above, and data processing is given. So-far achieved scientific findings, based on the dataset analyses, are briefly overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Geoffrey Bessardon
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Brooks
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Kalthoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabienne Lohou
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bianca Adler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Barbara Altstädter
- Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Muritala Ayoola
- Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Karmen Babić
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Konrad Bärfuss
- Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yannick Bezombes
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Bret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Etienne Brilouet
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de Recherche en Météorologie, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fred Cayle-Aethelhard
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Danuor
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Claire Delon
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Solene Derrien
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cheikh Dione
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development, Niamey, Niger
| | - Pierre Durand
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kwabena Fosu-Amankwah
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Omar Gabella
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - James Groves
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Handwerker
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Corinne Jambert
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Norbert Kunka
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Astrid Lampert
- Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jérémy Leclercq
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Lothon
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Medina
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Miere
- Sedoo, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Falk Pätzold
- Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Irene Reinares Martínez
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Steven Sharpe
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Smith
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sun Y, Ma J, Sude B, Lin X, Shang H, Geng B, Diao Z, Du J, Quan Z. A UAV-Based Eddy Covariance System for Measurement of Mass and Energy Exchange of the Ecosystem: Preliminary Results. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E403. [PMID: 33430163 PMCID: PMC7827954 DOI: 10.3390/s21020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Airborne eddy covariance (EC) measurement is one of the most effective methods to directly measure the surface mass and energy fluxes at the regional scale. It offers the possibility to bridge the scale gap between local- and global-scale measurements by ground-based sites and remote-sensing instrumentations, and to validate the surface fluxes estimated by satellite products or process-based models. In this study, we developed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based EC system that can be operated to measure the turbulent fluxes in carbon dioxides, momentum, latent and sensible heat, as well as net radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Flight tests of the developed UAV-based EC system over land were conducted in October 2020 in Inner Mongolia, China. The in-flight calibration was firstly conducted to correct the mounting error. Then, three flight comparison tests were performed, and we compared the measurement with those from a ground tower. The results, along with power spectral comparison and consideration of the differing measurement strategies indicate that the system can resolve the turbulent fluxes in the encountered measurement condition. Lastly, the challenges of the UAV-based EC method were discussed, and potential improvements with further development were explored. The results of this paper reveal the considerable potential of the UAV-based EC method for land surface process studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Sun
- Institute of Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.S.); (J.M.); (Z.D.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- Integrated Ecological Observation and Research Station of Jinggangshan, Jinggangshan 343699, China
| | - Junyong Ma
- Institute of Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.S.); (J.M.); (Z.D.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bilige Sude
- Institute of Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.S.); (J.M.); (Z.D.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- Integrated Ecological Observation and Research Station of Jinggangshan, Jinggangshan 343699, China
| | - Xingwen Lin
- Collage of Geography and Environment Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;
| | - Haolu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100028, China;
| | - Bing Geng
- Research Institute for Eco-Civilization, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100028, China;
| | - Zhaoyan Diao
- Institute of Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.S.); (J.M.); (Z.D.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiaqiang Du
- Institute of Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.S.); (J.M.); (Z.D.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanjun Quan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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6
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Unmanned Aerial Systems for Investigating the Polar Atmospheric Boundary Layer—Technical Challenges and Examples of Applications. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) fill a gap in high-resolution observations of meteorological parameters on small scales in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Especially in the remote polar areas, there is a strong need for such detailed observations with different research foci. In this study, three systems are presented which have been adapted to the particular needs for operating in harsh polar environments: The fixed-wing aircraft M 2 AV with a mass of 6 kg, the quadrocopter ALICE with a mass of 19 kg, and the fixed-wing aircraft ALADINA with a mass of almost 25 kg. For all three systems, their particular modifications for polar operations are documented, in particular the insulation and heating requirements for low temperatures. Each system has completed meteorological observations under challenging conditions, including take-off and landing on the ice surface, low temperatures (down to −28 ∘ C), icing, and, for the quadrocopter, under the impact of the rotor downwash. The influence on the measured parameters is addressed here in the form of numerical simulations and spectral data analysis. Furthermore, results from several case studies are discussed: With the M 2 AV, low-level flights above leads in Antarctic sea ice were performed to study the impact of areas of open water within ice surfaces on the ABL, and a comparison with simulations was performed. ALICE was used to study the small-scale structure and short-term variability of the ABL during a cruise of RV Polarstern to the 79 ∘ N glacier in Greenland. With ALADINA, aerosol measurements of different size classes were performed in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in highly complex terrain. In particular, very small, freshly formed particles are difficult to monitor and require the active control of temperature inside the instruments. The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the potential of UAS for ABL studies in polar environments, and to provide practical advice for future research activities with similar systems.
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