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Palácios R, Castagna D, Barbosa L, Souza AP, Imbiriba B, Zolin CA, Nassarden D, Duarte L, Morais FG, Franco MA, Cirino G, Kuhn P, Sodré G, Curado L, Basso J, Roberto de Paulo S, Rodrigues T. ENSO effects on the relationship between aerosols and evapotranspiration in the south of the Amazon biome. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118516. [PMID: 38373551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The effects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have local, regional, and global consequences for water regimes, causing floods or extreme drought events. Tropical forests are strongly affected by ENSO, and in the case of the Amazon, its territorial extension allows for a wide variation of these effects. The prolongation of drought events in the Amazon basin contributes to an increase in gas and aerosol particle emissions mainly caused by biomass burning, which in turn alter radiative fluxes and evapotranspiration rates, cyclically interfering with the hydrological regime. The ENSO effects on the interactions between aerosol particles and evapotranspiration is a critical aspect to be systematically investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ENSO effect on a site located on the southern portion of the Amazonian region. In addition to quantifying and testing possible differences between aerosols and evapotranspiration under different ENSO classes (El Niño, La Niña and Neutrality), this study also evaluated possible variations in evapotranspiration as a function of the aerosol load. A highly significant difference was found for air temperature, relative humidity and aerosol load between the El Niño and La Niña classes. For evapotranspiration, significant differences were found for the El Niño and La Niña classes and for El Niño and Neutrality classes. Under the Neutrality class, the aerosol load correlated significantly with evapotranspiration, explaining 20% of the phenomenon. Under the El Niño and La Niña classes, no significant linear correlation was found between aerosol load and evapotranspiration. However, the results showed that for the total data set, there is a positive and significant correlation between aerosol and evapotranspiration. It increases with a quadratic fit, i.e., the aerosol favors evapotranspiration rates up to a certain concentration threshold. The results obtained in this study can help to understand the effects of ENSO events on atmospheric conditions in the southern Amazon basin, in addition to elucidating the role of aerosols in feedback to the water cycle in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Palácios
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Castagna
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Luzinete Barbosa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson P Souza
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Breno Imbiriba
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Cornélio A Zolin
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Sinop, MT, 78550-000, Brazil
| | - Danielle Nassarden
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Leilane Duarte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando G Morais
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marco A Franco
- Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Glauber Cirino
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Paulo Kuhn
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Giordani Sodré
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Leone Curado
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - João Basso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
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2
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Denniston RF, Ummenhofer CC, Emanuel K, Ingrosso R, Pausata FS, Wanamaker AD, Lachniet MS, Carr KT, Asmerom Y, Polyak VJ, Nott J, Zhang W, Villarini G, Cugley J, Brooks D, Woods D, Humphreys WF. Sensitivity of northwest Australian tropical cyclone activity to ITCZ migration since 500 CE. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9832. [PMID: 36630513 PMCID: PMC9833654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) regularly form in association with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), and thus, its positioning has implications for global TC activity. While the poleward extent of the ITCZ has varied markedly over past centuries, the sensitivity with which TCs responded remains poorly understood from the proxy record, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we present a high-resolution, composite stalagmite record of ITCZ migrations over tropical Australia for the past 1500 years. When integrated with a TC reconstruction from the Australian subtropics, this time series, along with downscaled climate model simulations, provides an unprecedented examination of the dependence of subtropical TC activity on meridional shifts in the ITCZ. TCs tracked the ITCZ at multidecadal to centennial scales, with a more southward position enhancing TC-derived rainfall in the subtropics. TCs may play an increasingly important role in Western Australia's moisture budgets as subtropical aridity increases due to anthropogenic warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline C. Ummenhofer
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry Emanuel
- Lorenz Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Ingrosso
- Centres ESCER (Étude et la Simulation du Climat à l’Échelle RÉgionale) and GEOTOP, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francesco S. R. Pausata
- Centres ESCER (Étude et la Simulation du Climat à l’Échelle RÉgionale) and GEOTOP, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alan D. Wanamaker
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Lachniet
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kenneth T. Carr
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Yemane Asmerom
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Victor J. Polyak
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan Nott
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Gabriele Villarini
- IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Cugley
- Australian Speleological Federation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Darren Brooks
- Australian Speleological Federation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Woods
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - William F. Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, DC, WA, Australia
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Long-Term Trends and Interannual Variability of Wind Forcing, Surface Circulation, and Temperature around the Sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the Southern Ocean, the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) play a significant ecological role by hosting large populations of seasonally breeding marine mammals and seabirds, which are particularly sensitive to changes in the surrounding ocean environment. In order to better understand climate variability at the PEIs, this study used satellite and reanalysis data to examine the interannual variability and longer-term trends of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), wind forcing, and surface circulation. Long-term trends were mostly weak and statistically insignificant, possibly due to the restricted length of the data products. While seasonal fluctuations accounted for a substantial portion (50–70%) of SST variability, the strongest variance in wind speed, wind stress curl (WSC), and currents occurred at intra-annual time scales. At a period of about 1 year, SST and geostrophic current variability suggested some influence of the Southern Annular Mode, but correlations were weak and insignificant. Similarly, correlations with El Niño Southern Oscillation variability were also weak and mostly insignificant, probably due to strong local and regional modification of SST, wind, and current anomalies. Significant interannual and decadal-scale variability in SST, WSC, and geostrophic currents, strongest at periods of 3–4 and 7–8 years, corresponded with the variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave. At decadal time scales, there was a strong inverse relationship between SST and geostrophic currents and between SST and wind speed. Warmer-than-usual SST between 1990–2001 and 2009–2020 was related to weaker currents and wind, while cooler-than-usual periods during 1982–1990 and 2001–2009 were associated with relatively stronger winds and currents. Positioned directly in the path of passing atmospheric low-pressure systems and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the PEIs experience substantial local and regional atmospheric and oceanic variability at shorter temporal scales, which likely mutes longer-term variations that have been observed elsewhere in the Southern Ocean.
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Vacchiano G, Pesendorfer MB, Conedera M, Gratzer G, Rossi L, Ascoli D. Natural disturbances and masting: from mechanisms to fitness consequences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200384. [PMID: 34657468 PMCID: PMC8520777 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of seed production and release is highly relevant for successful plant reproduction. Ecological disturbances, if synchronized with reproductive effort, can increase the chances of seeds and seedlings to germinate and establish. This can be especially true under variable and synchronous seed production (masting). Several observational studies have reported worldwide evidence for co-occurrence of disturbances and seed bumper crops in forests. Here, we review the evidence for interaction between disturbances and masting in global plant communities; we highlight feedbacks between these two ecological processes and posit an evolutionary pathway leading to the selection of traits that allow trees to synchronize seed crops with disturbances. Finally, we highlight relevant questions to be tested on the functional and evolutionary relationship between disturbances and masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario B. Pesendorfer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Conedera
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gratzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Non-uniform tropical forest responses to the 'Columbian Exchange' in the Neotropics and Asia-Pacific. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1174-1184. [PMID: 34112995 PMCID: PMC8324576 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that Iberian arrival in the Americas in 1492 and subsequent dramatic depopulation led to forest regrowth that had global impacts on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and surface temperatures. Despite tropical forests representing the most important terrestrial carbon stock globally, systematic examination of historical afforestation in these habitats in the Neotropics is lacking. Additionally, there has been no assessment of similar depopulation-afforestation dynamics in other parts of the global tropics that were incorporated into the Spanish Empire. Here, we compile and semi-quantitatively analyse pollen records from the regions claimed by the Spanish in the Atlantic and Pacific to provide pan-tropical insights into European colonial impacts on forest dynamics. Our results suggest that periods of afforestation over the past millennium varied across space and time and depended on social, economic and biogeographic contexts. We argue that this reveals the unequal and divergent origins of the Anthropocene as a socio-political and biophysical process, highlighting the need for higher-resolution, targeted analyses to fully elucidate pre-colonial and colonial era human-tropical landscape interactions.
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Archaeological climate proxies and the complexities of reconstructing Holocene El Niño in coastal Peru. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8271-8279. [PMID: 32284418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912242117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological evidence plays a key role in longitudinal studies of humans and climate. Climate proxy data from Peruvian archaeological sites provide a case study through insight into the history of the "flavors" or varieties of El Niño (EN) events after ∼11 ka: eastern Pacific EN, La Niña, coastal EN (COA), and central Pacific or Modoki EN (CP). Archaeological proxies are important to the coastal Peruvian case because more commonly used paleoclimate proxies are unavailable or equivocal. Previously, multiproxy evidence from the Peruvian coast and elsewhere suggested that EN frequency varied over the Holocene: 1) present in the Early Holocene; 2) absent or very low frequency during the Middle Holocene (∼9 to 6 ka); 3) low after ∼6 ka; and 4) rapidly increasing frequency after 3 ka. Despite skepticism about the reliability of archaeological proxies, nonarchaeological proxies seemed to confirm this archaeological EN reconstruction. Although there is consensus that EN frequency varied over this period, some nonarchaeological and archaeological proxies call parts of this reconstruction into question. Here we review Holocene EN frequency reconstructions for the Peruvian coast, point to complexities introduced by apparent contradictions in a range of proxy records, consider the impact of CP and COA phenomena, and assess the merits of archaeological proxies in EN reconstructions. Reconciling Peruvian coastal paleoclimate data is critical for testing models of future EN behavior under climate variability.
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Shao D, Mei Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Yang W, Gao Y, Yang L, Sun L. Holocene ENSO variability in the South China Sea recorded by high-resolution oxygen isotope records from the shells of Tridacna spp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3921. [PMID: 32127633 PMCID: PMC7054325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the principal climatic system in the modern Pacific Ocean, and it potentially influences the global climate. The South China Sea (SCS), in the western tropical Pacific, is significantly affected by ENSO activity. We have conducted a high-resolution oxygen isotope study of the shells of one modern and four fossil Tridacna from the Xisha Islands in the SCS. The results for the modern sample reveal that the shells of Tridacna are a good proxy of ENSO variability. We used the results of the oxygen isotope composition of four fossil Tridacna to produce high-resolution records of ENSO activity during four time slices in the Holocene. The results indicate that ENSO variability in the early Holocene was comparable to that of today, and that a minimum in the frequency and intensity of ENSO activity occurred in the mid Holocene. These findings are consistent with paleoclimatic results from corals, mollusks and sedimentary records. However, the observed extremely low frequency and moderate ENSO intensity at 4.7 ka indicate an anomalous pattern of ENSO changes within this interval of climatic transition. In addition, seasonal temperature variations during the Holocene were different from those of today and extreme seasonality may also occur during warmer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yanjun Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhongkang Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China.
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuesong Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lianjiao Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Steiger NJ, Smerdon JE, Cook BI, Seager R, Williams AP, Cook ER. Oceanic and radiative forcing of medieval megadroughts in the American Southwest. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0087. [PMID: 31355339 PMCID: PMC6656535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multidecadal "megadroughts" were a notable feature of the climate of the American Southwest over the Common era, yet we still lack a comprehensive theory for what caused these megadroughts and why they curiously only occurred before about 1600 CE. Here, we use the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product, in conjunction with radiative forcing estimates, to demonstrate that megadroughts in the American Southwest were driven by unusually frequent and cold central tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) excursions in conjunction with anomalously warm Atlantic SSTs and a locally positive radiative forcing. This assessment of past megadroughts provides the first comprehensive theory for the causes of megadroughts and their clustering particularly during the Medieval era. This work also provides the first paleoclimatic support for the prediction that the risk of American Southwest megadroughts will markedly increase with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Steiger
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jason E. Smerdon
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | | | - Richard Seager
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - A. Park Williams
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Edward R. Cook
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
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