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Sanyal S, Kim T, Rabelo M, Pham DP, Yi J. Experimental and Statistical Approach to Detect the Corrosion Rate and Influencing Profiles for Enhancing Corrosion Rate of High-Voltage Insulator Materials. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3981-3993. [PMID: 35451793 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The influence of temperature, pollutant, and pH on the local corrosion rate of insulators installed in industrial, marine, and rural installation sites is investigated based on experimental and statistical investigations. The tensile load test confirms that corroded insulator specimens collected from industrial sites aged more than 10 years represent a minimum fracture load, 19,892 lbs. It was further observed that more than 91.24% and 64.62% corroded insulator specimens suffered from shell break and pin detachment, respectively. The microstructural and XRF analysis reveal that insulator specimens collected from industrial sites (age > 10 years), represented the highest wt% of O (19.2) and lowest wt% of Zn (0.34) among industrial, marine, and rural installation sites. The 3D stationery mechanical simulation reveals that insulator specimens aged > 10 years experienced maximum stress (600 MPa) in the pin-cement interface. Using full two-level factorial designs, temperature, concentration of pollutants, and pH were found significant factors for corrosion rate. The immersion test results further confirm the above-mentioned factors significant for the dissolution behavior of galvanized coating of insulator pin. Following immersion test results, the industrial region shows the highest corrosion rate (5.58-12 µm/year) among all installation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simpy Sanyal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Matheus Rabelo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Photovoltaic System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Phong Pham
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsin Yi
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Cheristanidis S, Grivas G, Chaloulakou A. Determination of total and lung-deposited particle surface area concentrations, in central Athens, Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:627. [PMID: 32901375 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous health studies have linked the exposure to particulate matter with adverse health effects, while there is an increasing scientific interest in the particle metrics of surface area (SA) and lung-deposited SA (LDSA) concentration. In the present study, two integrated SA estimation methods, both based on widely used instrumentation, were applied at an urban traffic environment in Athens for a 6-month period. The first estimation method used the size distribution by number to estimate SA (average SA1 669.3 ± 229.0 μm2 cm-3), while the second method used a simple inversion scheme that incorporates number and mass concentrations (average SA2 1627.9 ± 562.8 μm2 cm-3). In pairwise comparisons, SA2 levels were found two times greater than the corresponding SA1, but exhibited a strong correlation (r = 0.73). SA1 and SA2 concentrations correlated well with the traffic-related pollutants NOx (r = 0.64 and 0.78) and equivalent black carbon (r = 0.53 and 0.51). The diurnal variation of SA1 concentrations by size range indicated traffic as a major controlling factor. Estimated LDSA (53.9 μm2 cm-3 on average) concentrations were also clearly affected by anthropogenic emissions with more pronounced associations in the 0.01-0.4 μm range (r = 0.66 with NOx and r = 0.65 with equivalent black carbon). Validating estimated LDSA through simultaneous measurements with a reference instrument revealed that the estimation method underestimates LDSA by a factor between 2 and 3, exhibiting, however, a high correlation (r = 0.79). Overall, the performance of estimation methods appear satisfactory and indicate that a trustworthy assessment of the temporal variability of SA and LDSA concentration metrics can be provided in real time, on the basis of relatively lower-cost instrumentation, especially in view of recent advances in particle sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Cheristanidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Zografos, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios Grivas
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, Athens, Greece
| | - Archontoula Chaloulakou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Zografos, Athens, Greece
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Chen J, Yi J, Ji Y, Zhao B, Ji Y, Li G, An T. Enhanced H-abstraction contribution for oxidation of xylenes via mineral particles: Implications for particulate matter formation and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109568. [PMID: 32344213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Xylenes are important aromatic hydrocarbons having broad industrial emissions and profound implication to air quality and human health. Generally, homogeneous atmospheric oxidation of xylenes is initiated by hydroxyl radical (OH) resulting in minor H-abstraction and major OH-addition pathways. However, the effect of mineral particles on the homogeneous atmospheric oxidation mechanism of xylenes is still not well understood. In the present study, the heterogeneous atmospheric oxidation of xylenes on mineral particles (TiO2) is examined in detail. Both the experimental data and theoretical calculations are combined to achieve the feast. The experimental results detected a major H-abstraction (≥87.18%) and minor OH-addition (≤12.82%) pathways for the OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of three xylenes on TiO2 under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Theoretical calculations demonstrated favorable H-abstraction on methyl group of xylenes by surface OH with large exothermic energies, because of the reason that their methyl group rather than the phenyl ring is more occupied by TiO2 via hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the particle monitor and acute risk assessment results indicated that the H-abstraction products significantly enhance the formation of particulate matter and health risk to human beings. Taken together, these results indicate that the atmospheric oxidation mechanism of xylenes is altered in the presence of mineral particles, highlighting the necessity to re-evaluate its implication in the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jiajing Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baocong Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongpeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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