Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study on the Ternary Interaction System of the Fluorinated Ethylene Carbonate, Li+ and Graphene Model

Monolithic Phosphate Interphase for Highly Reversible and Stable Zn Metal Anode

Zinc metal battery (ZMB) is promising as the next generation of energy storage system, but challenges relating to dendrites and corrosion of the zinc anode are restricting its practical application. Here, to stabilize Zn anode, we report a controlled electrolytic method for a monolithic solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) via a high dipole moment solvent dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The DMMP-based electrolytes can generate a homogeneous and robust phosphate SEI (Zn₃ (PO₄ )₂ and ZnP₂ O₆ ). Benefiting from the protecting impact of this in situ monolithic SEI, the zinc electrode exhibits long-term cycling of 4700 h and a high Coulombic efficiency 99.89 % in Zn|Zn and Zn|Cu cell, respectively. The full V₂ O₅ |Zn battery with DMMP-H₂ O hybrid electrolyte exhibits a high capacity retention of 82.2 % following 4000 cycles under 5 A g^-1 . The first success in constructing the monolithic phosphate SEI will open a new avenue in electrolyte design for highly reversible and stable Zn metal anodes.