1
|
Grignon E, Battaglia AM, Liu JT, McAllister BT, Seferos DS. Influence of Backbone on the Performance of Pendant Polymer Electrode Materials in Li-ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45345-45353. [PMID: 37700532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Pendant polymers are a promising class of electrode materials due to their synthetic simplicity, derivation from sustainable feedstocks, and potentially benign synthesis. These materials consist of a redox-active pendant tethered to a polymer backbone, which mitigates dissolution during electrode cycling. To date, an extensive number of pendant groups have been studied within the context of metal-ion batteries. However, the choice of the polymer backbone and its impact on the electrode performance have been relatively understudied. In this work, we use a postpolymerization modification approach to synthesize a series of viologen-bearing redox-active pendant polymers with similar molecular weights but three distinct chemical backbones, namely, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, and polystyryl. By evaluating the polymers in lithium-ion batteries, we show that the polymer backbone has a significant influence on electrode performance and behavior. Specifically, the polymethacrylamide displays slower kinetics than the other two polymers, resulting in lower capacities, particularly at high cycling rates. Furthermore, the charge storage mechanism is dependent on the nature of the backbone: the polyacrylamide shows a significant capacitive contribution to charge storage, while the polystyryl does not. The difference in performance between the polymer electrode materials is ascribed to a difference in chain mobility and packing within the electrode films. Overall, this work shows that the fundamental properties of the polymer backbone are critical to the design of high-performance polymer electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Grignon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alicia M Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bryony T McAllister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takemoto K, Wakasugi J, Kubota M, Kanamura K, Abe H. Dual additive of lithium titanate and sulfurized pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in sulfur cathode for high rate performance in lithium-sulfur battery. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:351-358. [PMID: 36477769 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04282g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted much attention as next-generation batteries due to their high theoretical energy density. However, lithium polysulfide generated during the discharge loses intimate electrical contact with the carbon matrix due to its high solubility in the electrolyte, causing a high charge transfer resistance and slow redox kinetics for the discharge reactions, resulting in a low rate capability. A cathode additive having a strong chemical adsorbing site toward the polysulfide can effectively inhibit their dissolution. We now report a dual additive of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN). LTO provides a rapid charge transfer and a fast Li+ ion transfer in the cathode. On the other hand, SPAN helps to enhance the polysulfide adsorption capability. This dual additive system synergistically supplies the cathode with a strong polysulfide adsorption capability and fast redox kinetics. As a result, the dual additive exhibits high discharge capacities of 1430 mA h g-1 at 0.1C and 1200 mA h g-1 at 0.5C at the high-sulfur-loading cathode of 5.0 mg cm-2. Our findings demonstrated the manufacturing of the cathode with a strong polysulfide adsorption capability and a fast redox reaction which could then effectively improve the rate performance of the Li-S batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koshin Takemoto
- ABRI Co., Ltd, Building P-302, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jungo Wakasugi
- ABRI Co., Ltd, Building P-302, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kubota
- ABRI Co., Ltd, Building P-302, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanamura
- ABRI Co., Ltd, Building P-302, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Abe
- ABRI Co., Ltd, Building P-302, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.,Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harrison KL, Merrill LC, Long DM, Randolph SJ, Goriparti S, Christian J, Warren B, Roberts SA, Harris SJ, Perry DL, Jungjohann KL. Cryogenic electron microscopy reveals that applied pressure promotes short circuits in Li batteries. iScience 2021; 24:103394. [PMID: 34901784 PMCID: PMC8637491 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Li metal anodes are enticing for batteries due to high theoretical charge storage capacity, but commercialization is plagued by dendritic Li growth and short circuits when cycled at high currents. Applied pressure has been suggested to improve morphology, and therefore performance. We hypothesized that increasing pressure would suppress dendritic growth at high currents. To test this hypothesis, here, we extensively use cryogenic scanning electron microscopy to show that varying the applied pressure from 0.01 to 1 MPa has little impact on Li morphology after one deposition. We show that pressure improves Li density and preserves Li inventory after 50 cycles. However, contrary to our hypothesis, pressure exacerbates dendritic growth through the separator, promoting short circuits. Therefore, we suspect Li inventory is better preserved in cells cycled at high pressure only because the shorts carry a larger portion of the current, with less being carried by electrochemical reactions that slowly consume Li inventory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura C. Merrill
- Nanoscale Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Daniel Martin Long
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Steven J. Randolph
- Materials & Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | | | - Joseph Christian
- Materials & Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Benjamin Warren
- Nanoscale Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Scott A. Roberts
- Thermal/Fluid Component Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Stephen J. Harris
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel L. Perry
- Materials Characterization and Performance, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Katherine L. Jungjohann
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim CY, Lee GH, So HA, Shin KH, Lee YJ. Abnormal Overcharging during Lithium-Ether Co-Intercalation in a Graphite System: Formation of Shuttling Species by the Reduction of the TFSI Anion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49541-49548. [PMID: 33090786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Materializing an ultrafast charging system is one of the crucial technologies for next-generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Among many studies aimed at achieving fast charging systems, Li-ether solvent cointercalation into the graphite electrodes in LIB has been identified as a novel concept for achieving high power performance because this system does not consist of the sluggish desolvation step and a resistive solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Interestingly, while studying the Li-ether solvent cointercalation into graphite electrodes, employing lithium bis-trifluoromethane sulfonimide (LiTFSI) as the Li salt, we observed an abnormal overcharging phenomenon. Here, we screened the specific conditions, under which the abnormal overcharging occurred, and revealed that this abnormal overcharging was attributable to the shuttling mechanism. The formation of shuttling species could have been derived by the reduction of TFSI- anion. With this understanding of the underlying mechanism, we efficiently suppressed the abnormal overcharging by adding LiNO3 to the electrolyte. The shuttling and resulting overcharging could be prevented by the synergistic contributions of LiNO3 and SxOy, dissolved in the electrolyte, to the formation of a dense solid LiSxOy SEI layer on Li-metal. We expect that this work could be a great reference in analyzing many unsolved phenomena in systems utilizing TFSI-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hyeon Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ae So
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hang Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shrivastav V, Sundriyal S, Goel P, Kaur H, Tuteja SK, Vikrant K, Kim KH, Tiwari UK, Deep A. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites as electrodes for lithium battery applications: Novel means for alternative energy storage. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|