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Langellotto MD, Rassu G, Serri C, Demartis S, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a synergetic combination of a drug delivery system and a source of natural bioactive compounds. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01698-4. [PMID: 39196501 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles secreted by all cell types and have been studied to understand and treat many human diseases. Exosomes are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, intercellular communication, and the transfer of substances. Over the years, several studies have explored mammalian-derived exosomes for therapeutic and diagnostic uses. Only recently have plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) attracted attention for their ability to overcome many defects associated with using mammalian-derived extracellular vesicles, such as safety and scale-up issues. The ease of large-scale production, low toxicity, low immunogenicity, efficient cellular uptake, high biocompatibility, and high stability of these nanovesicles make them attractive for drug delivery systems. In addition, their native contents of proteins, miRNAs and secondary metabolites could be exploited for pharmaceutical applications in combination with other drugs. The present review intends to provide adequate tools for studying and developing drug delivery systems based on plant-derived EVs. Therefore, indications concerning extraction methods, characterisation, and drug loading will be offered. Their biological composition and content will also be reported. Finally, the current applications of these systems as nanocarriers for pharmacologically active substances will be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D Langellotto
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences - Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Carla Serri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Sara Demartis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, Sassari, 07100, Italy
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2
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Liu X, Lou K, Zhang Y, Li C, Wei S, Feng S. Unlocking the Medicinal Potential of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: current Progress and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4877-4892. [PMID: 38828203 PMCID: PMC11141722 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Botanical preparations for herbal medicine have received more and more attention from drug researchers, and the extraction of active ingredients and their successful clinical application have become an important direction of drug research in major pharmaceutical companies, but the complexity of extracts, multiple side effects, and significant individual differences have brought many difficulties to the clinical application of herbal preparations. It is noteworthy that extracellular vesicles as active biomolecules extracted from medicinal plants are believed to be useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, regenerative-restorative and degenerative diseases, which may provide a new direction for the clinical utilization of herbal preparations. In this review, we sort out recent advances in medicinal plant extracellular vesicles and discuss their potential as disease therapeutics. Finally, future challenges and research directions for the clinical translation of medicinal plant extracellular vesicles are also discussed, and we expect that continued development based on medicinal plant extracellular vesicles will facilitate the clinical application of herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Lou
- Department of Urology, Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunmeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiujiang College Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Wei
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangzhi Feng
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Madhan S, Dhar R, Devi A. Plant-derived exosomes: a green approach for cancer drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2236-2252. [PMID: 38351750 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02752j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are natural extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the current decade, they have been highlighted for cancer therapeutic development. Cancer is a global health crisis and it requires an effective, affordable, and less side effect-based treatment. Emerging research based on PDEs suggests that they have immense potential to be considered as a therapeutic option. Research evidences indicate that PDEs' internal molecular cargos show impressive cancer prevention activity with less toxicity. PDEs-based drug delivery systems overcome several limitations of traditional drug delivery tools. Extraction of PDEs from plant sources employ diverse methodologies, encompassing ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity, size-based isolation, and precipitation, each with distinct advantages and limitations. The core constituents of PDEs comprise of lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. Worldwide, a few clinical trials on plant-derived exosomes are underway, and regulatory affairs for their use as therapeutic agents are still not understood with clarity. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current state of research on plant-derived exosomes as a promising avenue for drug delivery, highlighting anticancer activity, challenges, and future orientation in effective cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Madhan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Feng H, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Liang J, Liu L, Wang Q, Feng Q, Zhao H. Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Emerging Nanosystems for Enhanced Tissue Engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1189-1204. [PMID: 38344437 PMCID: PMC10859124 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering holds great potential for tissue repair and rejuvenation. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently emerged as a promising avenue in tissue engineering. However, there is an urgent need to understand how plant ELNs can be therapeutically applied in clinical disease management, especially for tissue regeneration. In this review, we comprehensively examine the properties, characteristics, and isolation techniques of plant ELNs. We also discuss their impact on the immune system, compatibility with the human body, and their role in tissue regeneration. To ensure the suitability of plant ELNs for tissue engineering, we explore various engineering and modification strategies. Additionally, we provide insights into the progress of commercialization and industrial perspectives on plant ELNs. This review aims to highlight the potential of plant ELNs in regenerative medicine by exploring the current research landscape and key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Liang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi, 710054, People’s Republic of China
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Ambrosone A, Barbulova A, Cappetta E, Cillo F, De Palma M, Ruocco M, Pocsfalvi G. Plant Extracellular Vesicles: Current Landscape and Future Directions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4141. [PMID: 38140468 PMCID: PMC10747359 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells secrete membrane-enclosed micrometer- and nanometer-sized vesicles that, similarly to the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mammalian or bacterial cells, carry a complex molecular cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and primary and secondary metabolites. While it is technically complicated to isolate EVs from whole plants or their tissues, in vitro plant cell cultures provide excellent model systems for their study. Plant EVs have been isolated from the conditioned culture media of plant cell, pollen, hairy root, and protoplast cultures, and recent studies have gathered important structural and biological data that provide a framework to decipher their physiological roles and unveil previously unacknowledged links to their diverse biological functions. The primary function of plant EVs seems to be in the secretion that underlies cell growth and morphogenesis, cell wall composition, and cell-cell communication processes. Besides their physiological functions, plant EVs may participate in defence mechanisms against different plant pathogens, including fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Whereas edible and medicinal-plant-derived nanovesicles isolated from homogenised plant materials ex vivo are widely studied and exploited, today, plant EV research is still in its infancy. This review, for the first time, highlights the different in vitro sources that have been used to isolate plant EVs, together with the structural and biological studies that investigate the molecular cargo, and pinpoints the possible role of plant EVs as mediators in plant-pathogen interactions, which may contribute to opening up new scenarios for agricultural applications, biotechnology, and innovative strategies for plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ambrosone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Ani Barbulova
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division (R.D.) Naples, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Cappetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Cillo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Research Division (R.D.) Bari, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division (R.D.) Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Research Division (R.D.) Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division (R.D.) Naples, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Wei Y, Cai X, Wu Q, Liao H, Liang S, Fu H, Xiang Q, Zhang S. Extraction, Isolation, and Component Analysis of Turmeric-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1199. [PMID: 37892929 PMCID: PMC10604281 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one kind of plant-derived extracellular vesicle, turmeric-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) are composed of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule compounds, which possess good biocompatibility and safety. They are especially rich in information from the "mother plant", which provides more applications in biological fields. In this study, we isolated and purified TELNs using differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation and systematically detected their physicochemical properties using multi-omics. The TELNs possessed a typical teacup-like exosome morphology, and the extraction rate was approximately 1.71 ± 0.176 mg/g. The average particle size was 183.2 ± 10.9 nm, and the average zeta potential was -17.6 ± 1.19 mV. They were rich in lipids, mainly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (17.4%), triglyceride (TG) (12.3%), phosphatidylinositol (PI) (9.82%), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (7.93%). All of them are the key lipids in the exosomes. The protein content was approximately 12% (M/M), mainly curcumin synthase and other proteins involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In addition, there are critical essential genes for curcumin biosynthesis, such as curcumin synthase (CURS) and diketocoenzyme A synthase (DCS). More importantly, a greater variety of small-molecule compounds, primarily curcumin and curcumin analogs such as demethoxycurcumin and volatile oleoresins such as curcuminoids, have now been revealed. In conclusion, TELNs were successfully isolated, containing 0.17% (M/M) turmeric and a large amount of chemical information, the same as the parent-of-origin plant. This is the first time combining multi-omics to analyze the characteristics and nature of the TELNs, which laid a solid material foundation for the further development of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for Drug Research and Development of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.W.); (H.F.)
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiang Cai
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for Drug Research and Development of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.W.); (H.F.)
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Qi Xiang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (S.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for Drug Research and Development of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.W.); (H.F.)
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Wei X, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shen S. Advances in the Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1554. [PMID: 37371649 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PLDEs) are small extracellular vesicles that encapsulate proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and they are usually involved in intercellular communication and molecular transport in plants. PLDEs are widely used in the therapy of diseases due to their abundance and easy availability. The diverse roles of PLDEs, which include transportation of drugs, acting as biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases and their roles in different therapies, suggest that there is a need to fully understand all the mechanisms involved in order to provide the optimum conditions for their therapeutic use. This review summarizes the biogenesis, components and functions of PLDEs and focuses on their use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It also explores new ideas for novel approaches in which PLDEs could potentially help patients with inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiuyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangyuan 628017, China
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuibao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Sarasati A, Syahruddin MH, Nuryanti A, Ana ID, Barlian A, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi D, Wungu TDK, Takemori H. Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041053. [PMID: 37189671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits. Moreover, it is known that Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, with an abundance of unexplored sources of PDENs. This encouraged further research in biomedical science to develop natural richness in plants as a source for human welfare. This study aims to verify the potential of PDENs for biomedical purposes, especially for regenerative therapy applications, by collecting and analyzing data from the latest relevant research and developments.
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