1
|
Holy R, Kalfert D, Vasina L, Vorobiov O, Dytrych P, Janouskova K, Augste E, Kashiri S, Pastorkova N, Miminak K, Hlozek J, Kovar D, Vodicka J, Astl J. Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs) in subjects after Covid-19 infection: single-center prospective study. J Appl Biomed 2024; 22:149-154. [PMID: 39434512 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2024.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom associated with Covid-19. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the importance of psychophysical olfactory tests and electrophysiological olfactory assessment increased. The purpose of the study was to analyze the psychophysical olfactory tests and the post-covid curves of olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs). METHODS The prospective study included 98 subjects (62 females / 36 males). The average age was 42 years (range 21-84 years). Group I (n = 77) contained participants who had been infected with Covid-19. They were enrolled in the study at least 1 year after Covid-19. Group II (n = 21) was the healthy normosmic control group. RESULTS In Group I, the OERPs of 18% participants were absent. Patients in Group I were statistically more likely to have an absence of OERPs (p = 0.036) than subjects in Group II. We did not detect a statistical difference in amplitudes and latencies of the OERPs between Group I and Group II. In Group I, N1 latency of the TERPs was significantly longer (p = 0.002) than in Group II. The amplitude of the N1-P2 interval of the TERPs was significantly lower (p = 0.025) in Group I than in Group II. According to the psychophysical Sniffin stick identification test, hyposmia was detected in 39% in Group I versus 0% in the control Group II. CONCLUSION OD is a common post-covid symptom. The presence of OERPs is a significant prognostic factor for olfactory function after Covid 19. We detected a lower percentage of absence of OERPs after Covid-19 compared to the previously published studies of post-viral OD and post-infectious OD. For TERPs, we detected a longer N1 latency and a lower amplitude for the N1-P2 interval after Covid-19. OERPs and TERPs can be considered valid biomarkers to evaluate the progress of post-covid OD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holy
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kalfert
- University Hospital Motol, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vasina
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Neurology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Military Hospital Brno, Department of Neurology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksii Vorobiov
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dytrych
- University Hospital Motol, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Janouskova
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Augste
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ostrava-Vitkovice, Czech Republic
| | - Shahriar Kashiri
- Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pastorkova
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Neurology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Miminak
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hlozek
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kovar
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vodicka
- Regional Hospital Pardubice, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Health Studies, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Astl
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Invitto S, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Spinato G, Trinchera G, Accogli G, Ciccarese V, Saba L, Caggiula M, Barbagallo G, Pauciulo A, de Tommaso M. Evaluation of Mild Cognitive Impairment through Perientorhinal/Hippocampal Imaging and Comprehensive Neuropsychological and Psychophysical Assessment. Brain Sci 2024; 14:697. [PMID: 39061437 PMCID: PMC11274881 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a significant concern as it is a risk factor for AD progression, and early detection is vital in order to delay dementia onset and enable potential therapeutic interventions. Olfactory impairment is recognized as a predictive biomarker in neurodegenerative processes. The aims of this study were to explore the degree of entorhinal cortical atrophy (ERICA) and the severity of MCI symptoms; to analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results for the entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, peri entorhinal cortex, and the cerebellar tentorium; and to perform a comprehensive neuropsychological and psychophysical assessment. The main results highlighted that in our sample-multidomain amnesic MCI patients with hyposmic symptomatology-we found that ERICA scores were associated with the severity of anxiety symptomatology. One possible hypothesis to explain this observation is that anxiety may contribute to neurodegenerative processes by inducing chronic stress and inflammation. Future research should consider the longitudinal development of neuropsychological scores, anxiety disorders, and brain atrophy to determine their potential predictive value for MCI progression. These findings suggest the importance of psychological factors in MCI progression and the utility of neuropsychological assessment alongside neuroimaging techniques for early detection and follow-up in MCI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Invitto
- Laboratory on Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Trinchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, University of Aldo Moro Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.T.); (M.d.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Accogli
- Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. Eugenio Medea, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy;
| | | | - Luca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Marcella Caggiula
- Division of Neurology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Gaetano Barbagallo
- Division of Neurology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Alfredo Pauciulo
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Marina de Tommaso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, University of Aldo Moro Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.T.); (M.d.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Juratli JH, Garefis K, Konstantinidis I, Hummel T. Trigeminal function in patients with COVID-associated olfactory loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:2403-2411. [PMID: 38127097 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Olfactory dysfunction (OD) can be a long-term consequence of various viral infections, including COVID-19. Dysfunction includes hyposmia/anosmia and parosmia (odor distortions). Interactions of the virus with the olfactory nerve have been extensively researched, but little is known about the interactions of the intranasal trigeminal nerve system in modulating this sensory loss. METHODS We investigated intranasal trigeminal function across COVID-19 OD patients with and without parosmia compared to normosmic controls, to determine whether (1) post-viral hyposmia and/or (2) post-viral hyposmia with parosmia is associated with altered trigeminal function. OD patients (n = 27) were tested for olfactory function using the extended Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test and for trigeminal function through three methods-odor lateralization, subjective ratings of nasal patency, and ammonium vapor pain intensity ratings. This group was subsequently compared to controls, normosmic subjects (n = 15). RESULTS Our findings revealed that post-COVID OD patients without parosmia experienced decreased sensitivity in ammonium vapor pain intensity ratings and odor lateralization scores-but similar nasal patency ratings-compared to normosmic controls. There were no significant differences in trigeminal function between OD patients with and without parosmia. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, we conclude that the trigeminal nerve dysfunction may partially explain post-viral OD, but does not seem to be a major factor in the generation of parosmia pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Juratli
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - K Garefis
- 2nd Academic ORL, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Konstantinidis
- 2nd Academic ORL, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|