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Esmail A, Rebocho AT, Marques AC, Silvestre S, Gonçalves A, Fortunato E, Torres CAV, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Bioconversion of Terephthalic Acid and Ethylene Glycol Into Bacterial Cellulose by Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2004 and DSM 46604. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:853322. [PMID: 35480983 PMCID: PMC9036990 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Komagataeibacter xylinus strains DSM 2004 and DSM 46604 were evaluated for their ability to grow and produce bacterial cellulose (BC) upon cultivation on terephthalic acid (TA) and ethylene glycol (EG), which are monomers of the petrochemical-derived plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Both strains were able to utilize TA, EG, and their mixtures for BC synthesis, with different performances. K. xylinus DSM 2004 achieved higher BC production from TA (0.81 ± 0.01 g/L), EG (0.64 ± 0.02 g/L), and TA + EG mixtures (0.6 ± 0.1 g/L) than strain DSM 46604. The latter was unable to utilize EG as the sole carbon source and reached a BC production of 0.16 ± 0.01 g/L and 0.23 ± 0.1 g/L from TA alone or TA + EG mixtures, respectively. Further supplementing the media with glucose enhanced BC production by both strains. During cultivation on media containing TA and EG, rapid pH drop due to metabolization of EG into acidic compounds led to some precipitation of TA that was impregnated into the BC pellicles. An adaptation of the downstream procedure involving BC dissolution in NaOH was used for the recovery of pure BC. The different medium composition tested, as well as the downstream procedure, impacted the BC pellicles’ physical properties. Although no variation in terms of the chemical structure were observed, differences in crystallinity degree and microstructure of the produced BC were observed. The BC produced by K. xylinus DSM 2004 had a higher crystallinity (19–64%) than that of the strain DSM 46604 (17–53%). Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a higher fiber diameter for K. xylinus DSM 2004 BC (46–56 nm) than for K. xylinus DSM 46604 (37–49 nm). Dissolution of BC in NaOH did not influence the chemical structure; however, it led to BC conversion from type I to type II, as well as a decrease in crystallinity. These results demonstrate that PET monomers, TA and EG, can be upcycled into a value-added product, BC, presenting an approach that will contribute to lessening the environmental burden caused by plastic disposal in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyah Esmail
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rebocho
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sara Silvestre
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gonçalves
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A V Torres
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Sayfutdinova A, Samofalova I, Barkov A, Cherednichenko K, Rimashevskiy D, Vinokurov V. Structure and Properties of Cellulose/Mycelium Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081519. [PMID: 35458267 PMCID: PMC9030294 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current environmental problems require the use of low-energy, environmentally friendly methods and nature-like technologies for the creation of materials. In this work, we aim to study the possibility of the direct biotransformation of fibrillar cellulose by fungi through obtaining a cellulose/mycelium-based biocomposite. The cellulose micro- and nanofibrils were used as the main carbon sources in the solid-phase cultivation of basidiomycete Trametes hirsuta. The cellulose fibrils in this process act as a template for growing mycelium with the formation of well-developed net structure. The biotransformation dynamics of cellulose fibrils were studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy. The appearance of nitrogen in the structure of formed fibers was revealed by elemental analysis and FTIR-spectroscopy. The fibers diameters were estimated based on micrograph analysis and the laser diffraction method. It was shown that the diameter of cellulose fibrils can be tuned by fungi through obtaining cellulose-based mycelium fibers with a narrower diameter-size distribution as compared to the pristine cellulose fibrils. The morphology of the resulting mycelium differed when the micro or nanofibrils were used as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeliya Sayfutdinova
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Gubkin University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Irina Samofalova
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Gubkin University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Artem Barkov
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Gubkin University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Kirill Cherednichenko
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Gubkin University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Denis Rimashevskiy
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Vinokurov
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Gubkin University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.C.); (V.V.)
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Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Optimization of Gel Formation and Demonstration of Drug Loading and Release Ability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040785. [PMID: 35215701 PMCID: PMC8877193 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin-glucan complex (CGC) hydrogels were fabricated through a freeze–thaw procedure for biopolymer dissolution in NaOH 5 mol/L, followed by a dialysis step to promote gelation. Compared to a previously reported methodology that included four freeze–thaw cycles, reducing the number of cycles to one had no significant impact on the hydrogels’ formation, as well as reducing the total freezing time from 48 to 18 h. The optimized CGC hydrogels exhibited a high and nearly spontaneous swelling ratio (2528 ± 68%) and a water retention capacity of 55 ± 3%, after 2 h incubation in water, at 37 °C. Upon loading with caffeine as a model drug, an enhancement of the mechanical and rheological properties of the hydrogels was achieved. In particular, the compressive modulus was improved from 23.0 ± 0.89 to 120.0 ± 61.64 kPa and the storage modulus increased from 149.9 ± 9.8 to 315.0 ± 76.7 kPa. Although the release profile of caffeine was similar in PBS and NaCl 0.9% solutions, the release rate was influenced by the solutions’ pH and ionic strength, being faster in the NaCl solution. These results highlight the potential of CGC based hydrogels as promising structures to be used as drug delivery devices in biomedical applications.
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Yan M, Shi J, Liu L, Zhu H, Tang S, Zhou G, Zeng J, Zhang H, Yu Y, Guo J. Preparation of high-strength and high-toughness sodium alginate fibers based on the study of multi-ion diffusion kinetics in a low temperature dissolution system. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion kinetics under different coagulation conditions of high-strength and high-toughness sodium alginate fibers obtained through a low temperature dissolution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Lingwei Liu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Haotong Zhu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Song Tang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Guohang Zhou
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Jiexiang Zeng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
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