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Li X, Jiang G, Wang G, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zhao D. Promising cellulose-based functional gels for advanced biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129600. [PMID: 38266849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Novel biomedical materials provide a new horizon for the diagnosis/treatment of diseases and tissue repair in medical engineering. As the most abundant biomass polymer on earth, cellulose is characterized by natural biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and structure-performance designability. Owing to these outstanding features, cellulose as a biomacromolecule can be designed as functional biomaterials via hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interaction or chemical modification for human tissue repair, implantable tissue organs, and controlling drug release. Moreover, cellulose can also be used to construct medical sensors for monitoring human physiological signals. In this study, the structural characteristics, functionalization approaches, and advanced biomedical applications of cellulose are reviewed. The current status and application prospects of cellulose and its functional materials for wound dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and electronic skin (e-skin) are discussed. Finally, the key technologies and methods used for designing cellulosic biomaterials and broadening their application prospects in biomedical fields are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Geyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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2
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Zhang W. Recent Progress in Bioprinting: From Bioink Design to Applications. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120785. [PMID: 36550991 PMCID: PMC9774526 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are more than 100,000 people on the US national transplant waiting list, and 17 people die each day waiting for an organ transplant [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujie Zhang
- Biomolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
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3
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Qiao H, Li M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Progress, Challenge and Perspective of Fabricating Cellulose. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200208. [PMID: 35809256 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose as the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, presents appealing performance in mechanical properties, thermal management, and versatile functionalization. The development of fabrication methods closely relates to enrich its functionality and reduce manufacture cost. However, cellulose is hard to be dissolved by most common solvents or melt due to its recalcitrant property. Herein, the recent progress of fabricating cellulose is summarized. First, the unique hierarchical structure of cellulose is fully investigated and the resulted processability is highlighted in directions of down to nanocellulose, dissolution, and thermoplastic processing. Then, the reported fabrication methods are summarized in three aspects: (1) self-assembly from nano/micro cellulose suspensions, especially the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals; (2) dissolution-regeneration-drying, covering spinning and solvent infusion processing; and (3) thermoplastic processing, focusing on analysis of the setup and the morphology changes of the prepared products. In each aspect, the flowchart of the fabrication process, the behind mechanism, fabricated products, and effects of processing parameters are explored. Finally, this review provides a perspective on the further direction of fabricating cellulose, especially the challenges toward mass production of cellulose. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Qiao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Maoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chuanyang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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4
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Najaf Zadeh H, Bowles D, Huber T, Clucas D. A Novel Additive Manufacturing Method of Cellulose Gel. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226988. [PMID: 34832391 PMCID: PMC8621294 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Screen-additive manufacturing (SAM) is a potential method for producing small intricate parts without waste generation, offering minimal production cost. A wide range of materials, including gels, can be shaped using this method. A gel material is composed of a three-dimensional cross-linked polymer or colloidal network immersed in a fluid, known as hydrogel when its main constituent fluid is water. Hydrogels are capable of absorbing and retaining large amounts of water. Cellulose gel is among the materials that can form hydrogels and, as shown in this work, has the required properties to be directly SAM, including shear thinning and formation of post-shearing gel structure. In this study, we present the developed method of SAM for the fabrication of complex-shaped cellulose gel and examine whether successive printing layers can be completed without delamination. In addition, we evaluated cellulose SAM without the need for support material. Design of Experiments (DoE) was applied to optimize the SAM settings for printing the novel cellulose-based gel structure. The optimum print settings were then used to print a periodic structure with micro features and without the need for support material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Najaf Zadeh
- College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (D.B.); (D.C.)
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Bowles
- College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (D.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Tim Huber
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand;
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Don Clucas
- College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (D.B.); (D.C.)
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5
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Fredricks JL, Iyer H, McDonald R, Hsu J, Jimenez AM, Roumeli E. Spirulina‐based composites for
3D
‐printing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Fredricks
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Hareesh Iyer
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Robin McDonald
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Andrew M. Jimenez
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Eleftheria Roumeli
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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6
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Biocomposite Inks for 3D Printing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8080102. [PMID: 34436105 PMCID: PMC8389222 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has evolved massively during the last years and is demonstrating its potential in tissue engineering, wound dressings, cell culture models for drug testing, and prosthesis, to name a few [...].
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Krieghoff J, Rost J, Kohn-Polster C, Müller BM, Koenig A, Flath T, Schulz-Siegmund M, Schulze FP, Hacker MC. Extrusion-Printing of Multi-Channeled Two-Component Hydrogel Constructs from Gelatinous Peptides and Anhydride-Containing Oligomers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040370. [PMID: 33916295 PMCID: PMC8065526 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGC) in peripheral nerve regeneration can be improved by providing structures with multiple small channels instead of a single wide lumen. 3D-printing is a strategy to access such multi-channeled structures in a defined and reproducible way. This study explores extrusion-based 3D-printing of two-component hydrogels from a single cartridge printhead into multi-channeled structures under aseptic conditions. The gels are based on a platform of synthetic, anhydride-containing oligomers for cross-linking of gelatinous peptides. Stable constructs with continuous small channels and a variety of footprints and sizes were successfully generated from formulations containing either an organic or inorganic gelation base. The adjustability of the system was investigated by varying the cross-linking oligomer and substituting the gelation bases controlling the cross-linking kinetics. Formulations with organic N-methyl-piperidin-3-ol and inorganic K2HPO4 yielded hydrogels with comparable properties after manual processing and extrusion-based 3D-printing. The slower reaction kinetics of formulations with K2HPO4 can be beneficial for extending the time frame for printing. The two-component hydrogels displayed both slow hydrolytic and activity-dependent enzymatic degradability. Together with satisfying in vitro cell proliferation data, these results indicate the suitability of our cross-linked hydrogels as multi-channeled NGC for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krieghoff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Johannes Rost
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany; (T.F.); (F.-P.S.)
| | - Caroline Kohn-Polster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Benno M. Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Tobias Flath
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany; (T.F.); (F.-P.S.)
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Fritz-Peter Schulze
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany; (T.F.); (F.-P.S.)
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-14220
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Hydrogel Properties and Their Impact on Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245795. [PMID: 33302592 PMCID: PMC7764781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels (HGs), as three-dimensional structures, are widely used in modern medicine, including regenerative medicine. The use of HGs in wound treatment and tissue engineering is a rapidly developing sector of medicine. The unique properties of HGs allow researchers to easily modify them to maximize their potential. Herein, we describe the physicochemical properties of HGs, which determine their subsequent applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Examples of chemical modifications of HGs and their applications are described based on the latest scientific reports.
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Najaf Zadeh H, Huber T, Nock V, Fee C, Clucas D. Complex Geometry Cellulose Hydrogels Using a Direct Casting Method. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020058. [PMID: 32560063 PMCID: PMC7355674 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate functional hydrogel part production using the indirect wax mould method, it is necessary to understand the relationships between materials, process and mould removal. This research investigated the thermophysical properties, wettability and surface roughness of wax template moulds in the production of cellulose hydrogel objects. Cellulose gel was thermally formed and shaped in three different wax moulds—high melting point paraffin, sacrificial investment casting wax and Solidscape® wax—by physical cross-linking of polymer networks of cellulose solution in NaOH/urea aqueous solvent. All three wax moulds were capable of casting cellulose hydrogel objects. Cellulose gelling time was reduced by increasing the temperature. Thus, the mould melting temperature had a direct effect on the gelling time. It was found that mould removal time varied based on the contact angle (CA) of the cellulose solution and the mould, and based on the melting point of the mould. A higher CA of cellulose solution on the wax moulds resulted in faster mould removal. When melting the wax in 90 °C water, high melting point paraffin, sacrificial investment casting and Solidscape® wax took about 3, 2 and 1.5 h, respectively, to remove the moulds from the cellulose gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Najaf Zadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand;
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (T.H.); (V.N.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tim Huber
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (T.H.); (V.N.); (C.F.)
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Volker Nock
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (T.H.); (V.N.); (C.F.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Conan Fee
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; (T.H.); (V.N.); (C.F.)
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Don Clucas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand;
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