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Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, and Pharmacological Properties of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. against Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144374. [PMID: 35889247 PMCID: PMC9319654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents due to the presence of secondary metabolites. This comprehensive overview aims to summarize the classification, morphology, and ethnobotanical uses of Euphorbia neriifolia L. and its derived phytochemicals with the recent updates on the pharmacological properties against emerging infectious diseases, mainly focusing on bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. The data were collected from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink by utilizing several keywords like 'Euphorbia neriifolia', 'phytoconstituents', 'traditional uses', 'ethnopharmacological uses', 'infectious diseases', 'molecular mechanisms', 'COVID-19', 'bacterial infection', 'viral infection', etc. The results related to the antimicrobial actions of these plant extracts and their derived phytochemicals were carefully reviewed and summarized. Euphol, monohydroxy triterpene, nerifoliol, taraxerol, β-amyrin, glut-5-(10)-en-1-one, neriifolione, and cycloartenol are the leading secondary metabolites reported in phytochemical investigations. These chemicals have been shown to possess a wide spectrum of biological functions. Different extracts of E. neriifolia exerted antimicrobial activities against various pathogens to different extents. Moreover, major phytoconstituents present in this plant, such as quercetin, rutin, friedelin, taraxerol, epitaraxerol, taraxeryl acetate, 3β-friedelanol, 3β-acetoxy friedelane, 3β-simiarenol, afzelin, 24-methylene cycloarenol, ingenol triacetate, and β-amyrin, showed significant antimicrobial activities against various pathogens that are responsible for emerging infectious diseases. This plant and the phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids, have been found to have significant antimicrobial properties. The current evidence suggests that they might be used as leads in the development of more effective drugs to treat emerging infectious diseases, including the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
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Uma Reddy B, Routhu NK, Kumar A. Multifaceted role of plant derived small molecule inhibitors on replication cycle of sars-cov-2. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105512. [PMID: 35381324 PMCID: PMC8976571 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected public health and the economy globally. Currently approved vaccines and other drug candidates could be associated with several drawbacks which urges developing alternative therapeutic approaches. Aim To provide a comprehensive review of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of plants and their bioactive compounds. Methods Information was gathered from diverse bibliographic platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Results The present review highlights the potential roles of crude extracts of plants as well as plant-derived small molecules in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting viral or host factors essential for viral entry, polyprotein processing, replication, assembly and release. Their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as plant-based therapies that are under development in the clinical trial phases-1 to 3 are also covered. Conclusion This knowledge could further help understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-viral mechanisms of plant-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uma Reddy
- Department of Studies in Botany, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, 583105, India.
| | - Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, 69008, France.
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Devnath P, Hossain MJ, Emran TB, Mitra S. Massive third wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: a co-epidemic of dengue might worsen the situation. Future Virol 2022. [PMID: 35284001 PMCID: PMC8906578 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Popy Devnath
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Hossain MJ, Ahmmed F, Sarker MMR, Sarwar S, Bari MS, Khan MR, Shahriar S, Rafi MO, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam MR, Mohamed IN. Factors Associated With Underprivileged E-Learning, Session Jam Phobia, and the Subsequent Mental Distress Among Students Following the Extended University Closure in Bangladesh. Front Public Health 2022; 9:807474. [PMID: 35223762 PMCID: PMC8868938 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.807474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe session jam phobia (SJP), the extent of underprivileged online education, and subsequent mental health disorders among students have emerged as distinguished global problems due to the overwhelming effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of extended COVID-19 lockdown and its mediating factors on current e-Learning activities, the prevalence of severe SJP and psychological distress among university students in Bangladesh. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assemble responses through Google Form by applying a simple snowball sampling technique among university students aged 18 years or above in Bangladesh. All ethical considerations were maintained, and univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were employed to analyze the acquired data set. Among the total analyzed data (n = 1,122), the male and female ratio was almost 1:1, and a remarkable segment (63.7%) was aged between 21-24 years. Alarmingly, around 50-60% of the students were suffering from severe SJP, prevailing underprivileged education in the e-Learning platform, and severe mental distress. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the students from public universities, lower- and mid-income families, lower-aged, and junior years education groups were significantly (p < 0.05) more underprivileged than their counter groups. Besides, the monthly family income and university type significantly influenced the extent of severe SJP. Finally, the students who were female, rustic, come from low-income families (below 25,000 BDT), who had academic uncertainty, job insecurity, online exam phobia, and dissatisfaction with e-Learning education, were significantly suffering from moderate to severe mental distress. The current evidence demonstrates that a substantial number of Bangladeshi university students are struggling with extreme session jam phobia, underprivileged e-Learning education, and subsequent psychological distress, which need to be immediately addressed through concerted efforts by the government, parents, and university authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sazzadul Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Robin Khan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saimon Shahriar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Oliullah Rafi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rafi MO, Al-Khafaji K, Sarker MT, Taskin-Tok T, Rana AS, Rahman MS. Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: immunoinformatic and computational methods. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4288-4310. [PMID: 35425433 PMCID: PMC8981096 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for causing the severe respiratory disease COVID-19 and death in humans. Spike glycoprotein plays a key role in viral particles entering host cells, mediating receptor recognition and membrane fusion, and are considered useful targets for antiviral vaccine candidates. Therefore, computational techniques can be used to design a safe, antigenic, immunogenic, and stable vaccine against this pathogen. Drawing upon the structure of the S glycoprotein, we are trying to develop a potent multi-epitope subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine was designed based on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes with an N-terminal adjuvant via conducting immune filters and an extensive immunoinformatic investigation. The safety and immunogenicity of the designed vaccine were further evaluated via using various physicochemical, allergenic, and antigenic characteristics. Vaccine-target (toll-like receptors: TLR2 and TLR4) interactions, binding affinities, and dynamical stabilities were inspected through molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation methods. Moreover, MD simulations for dimeric TLRs/vaccine in the membrane-aqueous environment were performed to understand the differential domain organization of TLRs/vaccine. Further, dynamical behaviors of vaccine/TLR systems were inspected via identifying the key residues (named HUB nodes) that control interaction stability and provide a clear molecular mechanism. The obtained results from molecular docking and MD simulation revealed a strong and stable interaction between vaccine and TLRs. The vaccine's ability to stimulate the immune response was assessed by using computational immune simulation. This predicted a significant level of cytotoxic T cell and helper T cell activation, as well as IgG, interleukin 2, and interferon-gamma production. This study shows that the designed vaccine is structurally and dynamically stable and can trigger an effective immune response against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Oliullah Rafi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Khattab Al-Khafaji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, AL-Nisour University College Baghdad Iraq
| | - Md Takim Sarker
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University Gaziantep 27310 Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Abdus Samad Rana
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 PR China
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
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Hossain MJ, Ahmmed F, Khandokar L, Rahman SMA, Hridoy A, Ripa FA, Emran TB, Islam MR, Mitra S, Alam M. Status of psychological health of students following the extended university closure in Bangladesh: Results from a web-based cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000315. [PMID: 36962237 PMCID: PMC10021959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Students' severe affective mental distress has emerged as significant public health attention globally because of the disastrous effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study aimed at exploring the prevalence of two alarming psychological distresses, depression and anxiety, among university students following a prolonged shutdown of educational institutions in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted by deploying two standard scales to assess the depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi students from various universities amid the 2nd stream of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 568 Bangladeshi university students participated in this questionnaire-based survey through various social media platforms. Frequency and percentage distribution as univariate, chi-square (χ2) test as bivariate, and logistic regression as multivariate analyses were applied to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated various sociodemographic factors. After cleaning and eliminating the partial data, we analyzed 465 responses, where 42% were female and 64.3% were from public universities. Both mental disorders were prevalent in more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students. The students from the private universities were two times and 2.7 times more depressed and anxious, respectively than the students from the public universities. In addition, the students who became incomeless had significantly more anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.711; p = 0.018) than those who did not lose income source during the COVID-19 lockdown. The present study revealed that more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students were suffering from depression and anxiety. Several effective measures must be assured by the concerted efforts of university authorities, educationalists, and the Government to alleviate these distressing mental health burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asaduzzaman Hridoy
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Alam Ripa
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Institute of Education and Research, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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