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Sharma S, Bakht A, Jahanzaib M, Kim M, Lee H, Park C, Park D. Characterization of bacterial species and antibiotic resistance observed in Seoul, South Korea's popular Gangnam-gu area. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21751. [PMID: 38053859 PMCID: PMC10694155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Public transportation facilities, especially road crossings, which raise the pathogenic potential of urban environments, are the most conducive places for the transfer of germs between people and the environment. It is necessary to study the variety of the microbiome and describe its unique characteristics to comprehend these relationships. In this investigation, we used 16 S rRNA gene sample sequencing to examine the biological constituents and inhalable, thoracic, and alveolar particles in aerosol samples collected from busy areas in the Gangnam-gu district of the Seoul metropolitan area using a mobile vehicle. We also conducted a comparison analysis of these findings with the previously published data and tested for antibiotic resistance to determine the distribution of bacteria related to the human microbiome and the environment. Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the top five phyla in the bacterial 16 S rRNA libraries, accounting for >90 % of all readings across all examined locations. The most prevalent classes among the 12 found bacterial classes were Bacilli (45.812 %), Gammaproteobacteria (25.238 %), Tissierellia (13.078 %), Clostridia (5.697 %), and Alphaproteobacteria (5.142 %). The data acquired offer useful information on the variety of bacterial communities and their resistance to antibiotic drugs on the streets of Gangnam-gu, one of the most significant social centers in the Seoul metropolitan area. This work emphasizes the relevance of biological particles and particulate matter in the air, and it suggests more research is needed to perform biological characterization of the ambient particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Sharma
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahtesham Bakht
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonsoo Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Peimbert M, Alcaraz LD. Where environmental microbiome meets its host: subway and passenger microbiome relationships. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:2602-2618. [PMID: 35318755 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Subways are urban transport systems with high capacity. Every day around the world, there are more than 150 million subway passengers. Since 2013, thousands of microbiome samples from various subways worldwide have been sequenced. Skin bacteria and environmental organisms dominate the subway microbiomes. The literature has revealed common bacterial groups in subway systems; even so, it is possible to identify cities by their microbiome. Low-frequency bacteria are responsible for specific bacterial fingerprints of each subway system. Furthermore, daily subway commuters leave their microbial clouds and interact with other passengers. Microbial exchange is quite fast; the hand microbiome changes within minutes, and after cleaning the handrails, the bacteria are re-established within minutes. To investigate new taxa and metabolic pathways of subway microbial communities, several high-quality metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAG) have been described. Subways are harsh environments unfavorable for microorganism growth. However, recent studies have observed a wide diversity of viable and metabolically active bacteria. Understanding which bacteria are living, dormant, or dead allows us to propose realistic ecological interactions. Questions regarding the relationship between humans and the subway microbiome, particularly the microbiome effects on personal and public health, remain unanswered. This review summarizes our knowledge of subway microbiomes and their relationship with passenger microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Peimbert
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis D Alcaraz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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