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Barría P, Gaitán-Padilla M, Gomez-Vargas D, Cardenas Ampuero G, Gitterman K, Cordova B, Diaz CAR, Roberti F. Comparative Analysis of Ventilatory Responses during Stress Tests in Patients with Chronic Pain: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:122. [PMID: 39051283 PMCID: PMC11270440 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the differences in ventilatory responses during exercise between patients with fibromyalgia and those with other chronic pain disorders is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions, especially in exercise to identify the better physical therapy prescription. Both populations face unique challenges that impact their ability to engage in physical activity; yet, the underlying physiological responses can vary significantly. In this context, the methodology of this study entailed conducting a comparative analysis of the ventilatory response during exercise in patients with fibromyalgia and those with other chronic pain disorders. The experimental protocol included a total of 31 participants (n = 13 diagnosed with fibromyalgia and n = 18 diagnosed with other chronic pain conditions). All participants completed a stress test, where the ventilatory parameters were measured in three stages (i.e., resting, incremental exercise, and recovery). The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in ventilatory responses between both groups. Patients with fibromyalgia exhibited reduced time for the aerobic threshold and a higher respiratory frequency in the anaerobic threshold compared to those with other chronic pain disorders. Furthermore, fibromyalgia patients demonstrated higher values in the ventilatory coefficient during the test and in the recovery stage. In conclusion, these differences underscore the need for tailored exercise programs that specifically address the unique ventilatory challenges faced by fibromyalgia patients to improve their physical function and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Barría
- Rehabilitation Center Club de Leones Cruz del Sur, Punta Arenas 02281, Chile; (P.B.); (G.C.A.); (K.G.); (B.C.)
| | - María Gaitán-Padilla
- Telecommunications Laboratory (Labtel), Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil; (M.G.-P.); (C.A.R.D.)
| | - Daniel Gomez-Vargas
- Institute of Automatics, National University of San Juan, San Juan 5400, Argentina;
| | - Gonzalo Cardenas Ampuero
- Rehabilitation Center Club de Leones Cruz del Sur, Punta Arenas 02281, Chile; (P.B.); (G.C.A.); (K.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Kay Gitterman
- Rehabilitation Center Club de Leones Cruz del Sur, Punta Arenas 02281, Chile; (P.B.); (G.C.A.); (K.G.); (B.C.)
- Clinical Hospital Dr. Lautaro Navarro Avaria, Punta Arenas 01364, Chile
| | - Bessie Cordova
- Rehabilitation Center Club de Leones Cruz del Sur, Punta Arenas 02281, Chile; (P.B.); (G.C.A.); (K.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Camilo A. R. Diaz
- Telecommunications Laboratory (Labtel), Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil; (M.G.-P.); (C.A.R.D.)
| | - Flavio Roberti
- Institute of Automatics, National University of San Juan, San Juan 5400, Argentina;
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Costa AR, Freire A, Parraca JA, Silva V, Tomas-Carus P, Villafaina S. Heart Rate Variability and Salivary Biomarkers Differences between Fibromyalgia and Healthy Participants after an Exercise Fatigue Protocol: An Experimental Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092220. [PMID: 36140620 PMCID: PMC9497903 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that people with Fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from dysautonomia. Dysautonomia consists of persistent autonomic nervous system hyperactivity at rest and hyporeactivity during stressful situations. There is evidence that parameters reflecting the complex interplay between the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system during exercise can provide significant prognostic information. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences between people with FM and healthy controls on heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary parameters (such as flow, protein concentration, enzymatic activities of amylase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in two moments: (1) at baseline, and (2) after an exercise fatigue protocol. A total of 37 participants, twenty-one were people with fibromyalgia and sixteen were healthy controls, participated in this cross-sectional study. HRV and salivary samples were collected before and after an exercise fatigue protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of 20 repetitions of knee extensions and flexions of the dominant leg at 180 °·s−1 (degrees per second). Significant differences were found in the HRV (stress index, LF and HF variables) and salivary biomarkers (with a higher concentration of salivary amylase in people with FM compared to healthy controls). Exercise acute effects on HRV showed that people with FM did not significantly react to exercise. However, significant differences between baseline and post-exercise on HRV significantly induce alteration on the HRV of healthy controls. Catalase significantly increased after exercise in healthy controls whereas salivary flow significantly increased in women with FM after an exercise fatigue protocol. Our study suggests that a higher α-amylase activity and an impaired HRV can be used as possible biomarkers of fibromyalgia, associated with a reduction in salivary flow without changes in HRV and catalase activity after a fatigue exercise protocol. More studies should be carried out in the future to evaluate this hypothesis, in order to find diagnostic biomarkers in fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigues Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Freire
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jose A. Parraca
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Silva
- Family Health Unit—Lusitania, Rua do Ferragial do Poço Novo, S/N, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Pablo Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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