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Wojnar-Gruszka K, Nowak-Kózka I, Cichoń J, Ogryzek A, Płaszewska-Żywko L. Multiorgan Failure and Sepsis in an ICU Patient with Prolidase Enzyme Deficiency-The Specificity of Treatment and Care: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1006. [PMID: 38929623 PMCID: PMC11205385 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare, life-threatening, genetically determined disease with an incidence of 1-2 cases per 1 million births. The disease inhibits collagen synthesis, which leads to organ and systems failure, including hepato- and splenomegaly, immune disorders, chronic ulcerative wounds, respiratory infections, and pulmonary fibrosis. The complexity of the problems associated with this disease necessitates a comprehensive approach and the involvement of an interdisciplinary team. The objective was to present the treatment and care plan, as well as complications of PD, in a young woman following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational single-case study. Results: A 26-year-old woman with PD was hospitalized in the ICU for acute respiratory failure. The presence of difficult-to-heal extensive leg ulcers and the patient's immunocompromised condition resulted in the development of sepsis with multiple organ failure (respiratory and circulatory, liver and kidney failure). Complex specialized treatment consisting of wound preparation, limb amputation, the minimization of neuropathic pain, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, circulatory stabilization, and the prevention of complications of the disease and of therapy were applied. On the 83rd day of hospitalization, the patient expired. Conclusions: Despite the use of complex treatment and care, due to the advanced nature of the disease and the lack of therapies with proven efficacy, treatment was unsuccessful. There is a need for evidence-based research to develop effective treatment guidelines for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wojnar-Gruszka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.-G.); (L.P.-Ż.)
| | - Ilona Nowak-Kózka
- Center for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jakub Cichoń
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.-G.); (L.P.-Ż.)
| | - Aleksandra Ogryzek
- Clinical Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Kraków, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucyna Płaszewska-Żywko
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.-G.); (L.P.-Ż.)
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2
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Lin S, Wang X, Sallapalli BT, Hage A, Chang P, He J, Best SM, Zhang Y. Langat virus inhibits the gp130/JAK/STAT signaling by reducing the gp130 protein level. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29522. [PMID: 38533889 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex includes several medically important flavivirus members endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America, which can induce severe neuroinvasive or viscerotropic diseases with unclear mechanisms of pathogenesis. Langat virus (LGTV) shares a high sequence identity with TBEV but exhibits lower pathogenic potential in humans and serves as a model for virus-host interactions. In this study, we demonstrated that LGTV infection inhibits the activation of gp130/JAK/STAT (Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)) signaling, which plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes. Our data show that the LGTV-infected cells had significantly lower phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) protein upon oncostatin M (OSM) stimulation than the mock-infected control. LGTV infection blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 without a significant effect on total STAT3 protein level. LGTV inhibited JAK1 activation and reduced gp130 protein expression in infected cells, with the viral NS5 protein mediating this effect. TBEV infection also reduces gp130 level. On the other hand, pretreatment of Vero cells with OSM significantly reduces LGTV replication, and STAT1/STAT2 knockdown had little effect on OSM-mediated antiviral effect, which suggests it is independent of STAT1/STAT2 and, instead, it is potentially mediated by STAT3 signlaing. These findings shed light on the LGTV and TBEV-cell interactions, offering insights for the future development of antiviral therapeutics and improved vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bhargava Teja Sallapalli
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Adam Hage
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Peixi Chang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jia He
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Yanjin Zhang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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3
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Basu S, Barman P, Das J, Kabeerdoss J, Attri SV, Mahajan R, Vignesh P, Rawat A. Expanding the clinical and immunological phenotype of prolidase deficiency: A case report. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:115-118. [PMID: 37574707 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with recurrent infections, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity. PD is characterized by persistent dermatitis, skin fragility, and non-healing ulcerations on the lower limbs as its main dermatologic characteristics. Herein, we report a boy with PD due to a novel variant in PEPD who had abnormal facies, cognitive impairment, corneal opacity, recurrent infections, and persistent non-healing leg ulcers. Th17 lymphocyte counts and phosphorylated-STAT5 expression following IL-2 stimulation were reduced in our patient as compared to healthy control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Basu
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prabal Barman
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jhumki Das
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jayakanthan Kabeerdoss
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita Verma Attri
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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4
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Gopalakrishna H, Asif B, Rai A, Conjeevaram HS, Mironova M, Kleiner DE, Freeman AF, Heller T. Chronic Liver Disease in Patients with Prolidase Deficiency: A Case Series. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2024; 18:49-57. [PMID: 38304571 PMCID: PMC10834036 DOI: 10.1159/000536117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the PEPD gene. Patients usually have multi-organ involvement and a wide range of clinical features including recurrent skin ulcers, dysmorphic facial features, recurrent infections, intellectual disability, and splenomegaly. Studies have shown that patients with prolidase deficiency may have hepatic manifestations including hepatomegaly and abnormal liver enzymes. However, there is no detailed description of liver disease in this patient population. Case Presentation Here, we present 3 patients with prolidase deficiency with varying extents of hepatic involvement. Conclusion Prolidase deficiency patients with liver disease should be followed up long term to understand more about the pathophysiology and the impact of liver disease on long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Gopalakrishna
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bilal Asif
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anjali Rai
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hari S. Conjeevaram
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Mironova
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Atschekzei F, Fedchenko M, Elsayed A, Dubrowinskaja N, Graalmann T, Ringshausen FC, Witte T, Sogkas G. Rituximab to treat prolidase deficiency due to a novel pathogenic copy number variation in PEPD. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003507. [PMID: 38088248 PMCID: PMC10711922 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity caused by biallelic homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in PEPD, the gene that encodes prolidase. PD typically manifests with variable dysmorphic features, chronic cutaneous ulcers, recurrent infections and autoimmune features, including systemic lupus erythematosus. So far, there is no consensus regarding treatment of PD and its autoimmune manifestations. Here, we present a 28-year-old female patient with PD due to a novel homozygous intragenic deletion in PEPD, diagnosed at the age of 6 years and 7 months with an undifferentiated connective tissue disease that, apart from its very early onset, would be consistent with the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Steroids and diverse conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs failed to control PD-associated vasculitis and mucocutaneous ulcerations and led to infectious complications, including cytomegalovirus colitis. Introduction of rituximab (RTX) treatment in this patient led to sustained recession of mucocutaneous ulceration, enabling tapering of steroids. High interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production by this patient's monocytes, together with the detection of both IL-1β and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in her serum, suggest enhanced inflammasome activation in PD, whereas the therapeutic efficacy of RTX implies a role for CD20 positive B cells in the complex immunopathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranaz Atschekzei
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mykola Fedchenko
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdulwahab Elsayed
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Theresa Graalmann
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Junior Research Group for Translational Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix C Ringshausen
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases (ERN-LUNG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Sogkas
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Baj J, Flieger W, Barbachowska A, Kowalska B, Flieger M, Forma A, Teresiński G, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14959. [PMID: 37834407 PMCID: PMC10573482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with genetic diseases associated with a mutation in the gene associated with impaired Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or a vegetarian diet are at particular risk of excessive exposure to Mn. This review has collected data on the current knowledge of the source of Mn exposure, the experimental data supporting the dispersive accumulation of Mn in the brain, the controversies surrounding the reference values of biomarkers related to Mn status in different matrices, and the competitiveness of Mn with other metals, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca). The disturbed homeostasis of Mn in the body has been connected with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. The current evidence on the involvement of Mn in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, was collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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李 珂, 汤 建, 蒋 艳, 岳 淑, 周 斌, 文 容, 周 泽, 韦 祝. [Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency induced by HLCS gene mutations: a rare disease study]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:401-407. [PMID: 37073846 PMCID: PMC10120338 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2211062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A boy, aged 16 months, attended the hospital due to head and facial erythema for 15 months and vulva erythema for 10 months with aggravation for 5 days. The boy developed perioral and periocular erythema in the neonatal period and had erythema and papules with desquamation and erosion in the neck, armpit, and trigone of vulva in infancy. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis; the analysis of amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles for inherited metabolic diseases and the analysis of organic acid in urine suggested multiple carboxylase deficiency; genetic testing showed a homozygous mutation of c.1522C>T(p.R508W) in the HLCS gene. Finally the boy was diagnosed with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and achieved a good clinical outcome after oral biotin treatment. This article analyzes the clinical data of a child with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and summarizes the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this child, so as to provide ideas for clinicians to diagnose this rare disease.
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Hodgson R, Crockford TL, Bhandari A, Kepple JD, Back J, Cawthorne E, Abeler-Dörner L, Laing AG, Clare S, Speak A, Adams DJ, Dougan G, Hayday AC, Deobagkar-Lele M, Cornall RJ, Bull KR. Prolidase Deficiency Causes Spontaneous T Cell Activation and Lupus-like Autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:547-557. [PMID: 36637239 PMCID: PMC9946897 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the PEPD gene, which encodes a ubiquitously expressed metallopeptidase essential for the hydrolysis of dipeptides containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. PD typically presents in childhood with developmental delay, skin ulcers, recurrent infections, and, in some patients, autoimmune features that can mimic systemic lupus erythematosus. The basis for the autoimmune association is uncertain, but might be due to self-antigen exposure with tissue damage, or indirectly driven by chronic infection and microbial burden. In this study, we address the question of causation and show that Pepd-null mice have increased antinuclear autoantibodies and raised serum IgA, accompanied by kidney immune complex deposition, consistent with a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease. These features are associated with an accumulation of CD4 and CD8 effector T cells in the spleen and liver. Pepd deficiency leads to spontaneous T cell activation and proliferation into the effector subset, which is cell intrinsic and independent of Ag receptor specificity or antigenic stimulation. However, an increase in KLRG1+ effector CD8 cells is not observed in mixed chimeras, in which the autoimmune phenotype is also absent. Our findings link autoimmune susceptibility in PD to spontaneous T cell dysfunction, likely to be acting in combination with immune activators that lie outside the hemopoietic system but result from the abnormal metabolism or loss of nonenzymatic prolidase function. This knowledge provides insight into the role of prolidase in the maintenance of self-tolerance and highlights the importance of treatment to control T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Hodgson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya L. Crockford
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aneesha Bhandari
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica D. Kepple
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Back
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Cawthorne
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam G. Laing
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine R. Bull
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Ido F, Tessier S, Yoder N, Ramzy J, Longo S. Prolidase deficiency: A novel PEPD missense variant in exon 2. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1388-1394. [PMID: 36757671 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease that causes impaired collagen degradation. Altered collagen homeostasis results in the intracellular accumulation of imidodipeptides, which contain proline and hydroxyproline. The many clinical manifestations of prolidase deficiency include dysmorphic facial features, skeletal deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, necrotizing skin ulcers, and recurrent infections. Current clinical knowledge of this genetic disease relies upon few case reports due to its extreme rarity. Diagnosis is dependent on the detection of a pathologic gene variant. Additional diagnostic confirmation may be provided by urine amino acid quantification or reduced in vitro prolidase activity. We present a case of prolidase deficiency caused by a novel variant manifested by skeletal malformations and lifelong multisystemic infections. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous missense variant in the PEPD gene at nucleotide position 200, whereby adenine was replaced by guanine (c.200A > G). The corresponding amino acid change replaced glutamine with arginine at codon 67 (p.Gln67Arg). After boiling the urine sample for hydrolysis, quantitative urine amino acids demonstrated a markedly elevated proline level, confirming the diagnosis. We also provide a discussion of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, and clinical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Ido
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Tessier
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Yoder
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Ramzy
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Santo Longo
- Department of Pathology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pekkoc-Uyanik KC, Aslan EI, Kilicarslan O, Ser OS, Ozyildirim S, Yanar F, Yildiz A, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Next-generation sequencing of prolidase gene identifies novel and common variants associated with low prolidase in coronary artery ectasia. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1349-1365. [PMID: 36462085 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased collagen biosynthesis and increased collagenolysis can cause ectasia progression in the arterial walls. Prolidase is a key enzyme in collagen synthesis; a decrease in prolidase activity or level may decrease collagen biosynthesis, which may contribute to ectasia formation. Considering that, the variations in PEPD gene encoding prolidase enzyme were evaluated by analyzing next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the first time together with known risk factors in coronary artery ectasia (CAE) patients. METHODS Molecular analysis of the PEPD gene was performed on genomic DNA by NGS in 76 CAE patients and 76 controls. The serum levels of prolidase were measured by the sandwich-ELISA technique. RESULTS Serum prolidase levels were significantly lower in CAE group compared to control group, and it was significantly lower in males than females in both groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, elevated prolidase levels were observed in CAE patients in the presence of diabetes (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.05) and hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the low prolidase level (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.02) and hyperlipidemia (p < 0.012) were significantly associated with increased CAE risk. We identified four missense mutations in the PEPD gene, namely G296S, T266A, P365L and S134C (novel) that could be associated with CAE. The pathogenicity of these mutations was predicted to be "damaging" for G296S, S134C and P365L, but "benign" for T266A. We also identified a novel 5'UTR variation (Chr19:34012748 G>A) in one patient who had a low prolidase level. In addition, rs17570 and rs1061338 common variations of the PEPD gene were associated with low prolidase levels in CAE patients, while rs17569 variation was associated with high prolidase levels in both CAE and controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the low serum prolidase levels observed in CAE patients is significantly associated with PEPD gene variations. It was concluded that low serum prolidase level and associated PEPD mutations may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Cigdem Pekkoc-Uyanik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Irmak Aslan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Kilicarslan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Selim Ser
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Ozyildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yanar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Mauhin W, Brassier A, London J, Subran B, Zeggane A, Besset Q, Jammal C, Montardi C, Mellot C, Strauss C, Borie R, Lidove O. Manifestations pulmonaires des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:758-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Pan C, Zhao A, Li M. Atopic Dermatitis-like Genodermatosis: Disease Diagnosis and Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092177. [PMID: 36140582 PMCID: PMC9498295 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eczema is a classical characteristic not only in atopic dermatitis but also in various genodermatosis. Patients suffering from primary immunodeficiency diseases such as hyper-immunoglobulin E syndromes, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, STAT5B deficiency, Omenn syndrome, atypical complete DiGeorge syndrome; metabolic disorders such as acrodermatitis enteropathy, multiple carboxylase deficiency, prolidase deficiency; and other rare syndromes like severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting syndrome, Netherton syndrome, and peeling skin syndrome frequently perform with eczema-like lesions. These genodermatosis may be misguided in the context of eczematous phenotype. Misdiagnosis of severe disorders unavoidably affects appropriate treatment and leads to irreversible outcomes for patients, which underlines the importance of molecular diagnosis and genetic analysis. Here we conclude clinical manifestations, molecular mechanism, diagnosis and management of several eczema-related genodermatosis and provide accessible advice to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2125078571
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13
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Proline Metabolism in Malignant Gliomas: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082030. [PMID: 35454935 PMCID: PMC9027994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies of various types of cancers have found proline metabolism to be a key player in tumor development, involved in basic metabolic pathways, regulating cell proliferation, survival, and signaling. Here, we systematically searched the literature to find data on proline metabolism in malignant glial tumors. Despite limited availability, existing studies have found several ways in which proline metabolism may affect the development of gliomas, involving the maintenance of redox balance, providing essential glutamate, and affecting major signaling pathways. Metabolomic profiling has revealed the importance of proline as a link to basic cell metabolic cycles and shown it to be correlated with overall survival. Emerging knowledge on the role of proline in general oncology encourages further studies on malignant gliomas. Abstract Background: Proline has attracted growing interest because of its diverse influence on tumor metabolism and the discovery of the regulatory mechanisms that appear to be involved. In contrast to general oncology, data on proline metabolism in central nervous system malignancies are limited. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases according to PRISMA guidelines, searching for articles concerning proline metabolism in malignant glial tumors. From 815 search results, we identified 14 studies pertaining to this topic. Results: The role of the proline cycle in maintaining redox balance in IDH-mutated gliomas has been convincingly demonstrated. Proline is involved in restoring levels of glutamate, the main glial excitatory neurotransmitter. Proline oxidase influences two major signaling pathways: p53 and NF- κB. In metabolomics studies, the metabolism of proline and its link to the urea cycle was found to be a prognostic factor for survival and a marker of malignancy. Data on the prolidase concentration in the serum of glioblastoma patients are contradictory. Conclusions: Despite a paucity of studies in the literature, the available data are interesting enough to encourage further research, especially in terms of extrapolating what we have learned of proline functions from other neoplasms to malignant gliomas.
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14
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Baisya R, Ranganath P, Rajasekhar L. PEPD-Related Prolidase Deficiency Presenting as Hyper-immunoglobulin E Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:892-897. [PMID: 35296989 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritasman Baisya
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, Telangana, India.
| | - Liza Rajasekhar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, Telangana, India
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15
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Haller CN, George-Abraham JK, Peterson RG, Diaz LZ. A case of prolidase deficiency in a male patient. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:94-98. [PMID: 34888915 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disorder resulting in defective collagen formation. We report a case of prolidase deficiency in a male child, highlighting the dermatologic features. Early diagnosis is important as these patients encounter significant multisystem comorbidities requiring multispecialty care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Haller
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jaya K George-Abraham
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rosemary G Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lucia Z Diaz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
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16
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Tan CY, Kothandaraman E, Ghosh A. Prolidase deficiency in an infant with an incidental finding of methaemoglobinaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e244155. [PMID: 34794975 PMCID: PMC8603255 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-week-old boy presented to the hospital with symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting initially thought to be due to cow's milk allergy. He was discharged with extensively hydrolysed formula. The patient represented with worsening of symptoms with metabolic acidosis and was screened and treated for sepsis. However, his condition deteriorated further and he developed methaemoglobinaemia. He was transferred to the high dependency unit and was given two doses of methylene blue. Further investigations were carried out, including rapid trio exome sequencing, which identified a homozygous pathogenic Peptidase D (PEPD) variant (c.978G>A, p.(Trp326*)). This was consistent with a diagnosis of prolidase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chern Yan Tan
- Metabolic Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Arunabha Ghosh
- Metabolic Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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17
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Asly M, Eljazouly M. Osteoarticular Manifestations of Prolidase Deficiency and Disability: Case Reports of Two Moroccan Sisters. Cureus 2021; 13:e17875. [PMID: 34660074 PMCID: PMC8502436 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that has symptoms such as chronic skin ulcers, dysmorphic facies, cognitive retardation, hematological anomalies, splenomegaly, and chronic infections. Bone and joint abnormalities were referred occasionally and included the signs and symptoms of prolidase deficiency, but were not deeply investigated in PD patients. We report a case of two PD Moroccan sisters with osteoarticular deformities, some of them were never described before: toes deformities and equinovalgus with fusion and dislocation of a tarsal bone in radiography x-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Asly
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, MAR
| | - Madiha Eljazouly
- Dermatology Unit, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, MAR
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18
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Madhusudan M, Sankaranarayanan S, Ramamoorthy R, Munirathnam D, Sivasankaran M. Prolidase Deficiency in Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (VEO-IBD). Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:503. [PMID: 33420638 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Madhusudan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, 12 A, Nageswara Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 34, India
| | - Srinivas Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, 12 A, Nageswara Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 34, India.
| | - Ramkumar Ramamoorthy
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deenadayalan Munirathnam
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meena Sivasankaran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Linhares ND, Wilk P, Wątor E, Tostes MA, Weiss MS, Pena SDJ. Structural analysis of new compound heterozygous variants in PEPD gene identified in a patient with Prolidase Deficiency diagnosed by exome sequencing. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200393. [PMID: 33877262 PMCID: PMC8056889 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolidase Deficiency (PD) is an autosomal recessive rare disorder caused by loss or reduction of prolidase enzymatic activity due to variants in the PEPD gene. PD clinical features vary among affected individuals: skin ulcerations, recurrent infections, and developmental delay are common. In this study, we describe a 16-year-old boy with a mild PD phenotype comprising chronic eczema, recurrent infections and elevated IgE. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed three PEPD variants: c.575T>C p.(Leu192Pro) inherited from the mother, and c.692_694del p.(Tyr231del) and c.1409G>A p.(Arg470His), both inherited from the father. The variant p.(Tyr231del) has been previously characterized by high-resolution X-ray structure analysis as altering protein dynamics/flexibility. In order to study the effects of the other two prolidase variants, we performed site directed mutagenesis purification and crystallization studies. A high-resolution X-ray structure could only be obtained for the p.(Arg470His) variant, which showed no significant structural differences in comparison to WT prolidase. On the other hand, the p.(Leu192Pro) variant led to significant protein destabilization. Hence, we conclude that the maternal p.(Leu192Pro) variant was likely causally associated with the proband´s disease, together with the known pathogenic paternal variant p.(Tyr231del). Our results demonstrated the utility of exome sequencing to perform diagnosis in PD cases with mild phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália D Linhares
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Genômica Clínica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Macromolecular Crystallography (HZB-MX), Berlin, Germany.,Jagiellonian University, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wątor
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Macromolecular Crystallography (HZB-MX), Berlin, Germany.,Jagiellonian University, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Meire A Tostes
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Serviço de Hematologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Macromolecular Crystallography (HZB-MX), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio D J Pena
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Genômica Clínica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório Gene - Núcleo de Genética Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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20
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Eni-Aganga I, Lanaghan ZM, Balasubramaniam M, Dash C, Pandhare J. PROLIDASE: A Review from Discovery to its Role in Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:723003. [PMID: 34532344 PMCID: PMC8438212 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.723003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolidase (peptidase D), encoded by the PEPD gene, is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic metalloproteinase, the only enzyme capable of cleaving imidodipeptides containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. Prolidase catalyzes the rate-limiting step during collagen recycling and is essential in protein metabolism, collagen turnover, and matrix remodeling. Prolidase, therefore plays a crucial role in several physiological processes such as wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Accordingly, mutations leading to loss of prolidase catalytic activity result in prolidase deficiency a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by defective wound healing. In addition, alterations in prolidase enzyme activity have been documented in numerous pathological conditions, making prolidase a useful biochemical marker to measure disease severity. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the importance of a non-enzymatic role of prolidase in cell regulation and infectious disease. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on prolidase, from its discovery to its role in health and disease, while addressing the current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireti Eni-Aganga
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zeljka Miletic Lanaghan
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Nashville, TN, United States
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21
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Current Understanding of the Emerging Role of Prolidase in Cellular Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165906. [PMID: 32824561 PMCID: PMC7460564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolidase [EC 3.4.13.9], known as PEPD, cleaves di- and tripeptides containing carboxyl-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. For decades, prolidase has been thoroughly investigated, and several mechanisms regulating its activity are known, including the activation of the β1-integrin receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1) receptor, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 receptor. This process may result in increased availability of proline in the mitochondrial proline cycle, thus making proline serve as a substrate for the resynthesis of collagen, an intracellular signaling molecule. However, as a ligand, PEPD can bind directly to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) and regulate cellular metabolism. Recent reports have indicated that PEPD protects p53 from uncontrolled p53 subcellular activation and its translocation between cellular compartments. PEPD also participates in the maturation of the interferon α/β receptor by regulating its expression. In addition to the biological effects, prolidase demonstrates clinical significance reflected in the disease known as prolidase deficiency. It is also known that prolidase activity is affected in collagen metabolism disorders, metabolic, and oncological conditions. In this article, we review the latest knowledge about prolidase and highlight its biological function, and thus provide an in-depth understanding of prolidase as a dipeptidase and protein regulating the function of key biomolecules in cellular metabolism.
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22
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Wątor E, Rutkiewicz M, Weiss MS, Wilk P. Co‐expression with chaperones can affect protein 3D structure as exemplified by loss‐of‐function variants of human prolidase. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3045-3056. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wątor
- Macromolecular Crystallography Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Rutkiewicz
- Macromolecular Crystallography Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
| | - Manfred S. Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Macromolecular Crystallography Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
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