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Basu S, Kumar G. Regulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis: an effective approach to enhance salinity tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:193. [PMID: 39008125 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint for sustainable agricultural productivity, which together with the incessant climate change may be transformed into a severe threat to the global food security. It is, therefore, a serious concern that needs to be addressed expeditiously. The overproduction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the key events occurring during salt stress, consequently employing nitro-oxidative stress and programmed cell death in plants. However, very sporadic studies have been performed concerning different aspects of nitro-oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. The ability of plants to tolerate salinity is associated with their ability to maintain the cellular redox equilibrium mediated by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The present review emphasizes the mechanisms of ROS and RNS generation in plants, providing a detailed evaluation of how redox homeostasis is conserved through their effective removal. The uniqueness of this article stems from its incorporation of expression analyses of candidate genes for different antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS and RNS detoxification across various developmental stages and tissues of rice, utilizing publicly available microarray data. It underscores the utilization of modern biotechnological methods to improve salinity tolerance in crops, employing different antioxidants as markers. The review also explores how various transcription factors contribute to plants' ability to tolerate salinity by either activating or repressing the expression of stress-responsive genes. In summary, the review offers a thorough insight into the nitro-oxidative homeostasis strategy for extenuating salinity stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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Baranova EN, Kononenko NV, Lapshin PV, Nechaeva TL, Khaliluev MR, Zagoskina NV, Smirnova EA, Yuorieva NO, Raldugina GN, Chaban IA, Kurenina LV, Gulevich AA. Superoxide Dismutase Premodulates Oxidative Stress in Plastids for Protection of Tobacco Plants from Cold Damage Ultrastructure Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5544. [PMID: 38791585 PMCID: PMC11122273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ROS-dependent induction of oxidative damage can be used as a trigger initiating genetically determined non-specific protection in plant cells and tissues. Plants are potentially able to withstand various specific (toxic, osmotic) factors of abiotic effects, but do not have sufficient or specific sensitivity to form an adequate effective response. In this work, we demonstrate one of the possible approaches for successful cold acclimation through the formation of effective protection of photosynthetic structures due to the insertion of the heterologous FeSOD gene into the tobacco genome under the control of the constitutive promoter and equipped with a signal sequence targeting the protein to plastid. The increased enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase in the plastid compartment of transgenic tobacco plants enables them to tolerate the oxidative factor of environmental stresses scavenging ROS. On the other hand, the cost of such resistance is quite high and, when grown under normal conditions, disturbs the arrangement of the intrachloroplastic subdomains leading to the modification of stromal thylakoids, probably significantly affecting the photosynthesis processes that regulate the efficiency of photosystem II. This is partially compensated for by the fact that, at the same time, under normal conditions, the production of peroxide induces the activation of ROS detoxification enzymes. However, a violation of a number of processes, such as the metabolism of accumulation, and utilization and transportation of sugars and starch, is significantly altered, which leads to a shift in metabolic chains. The expected step for further improvement of the applied technology could be both the use of inducible promoters in the expression cassette, and the addition of other genes encoding for hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes in the genetic construct that are downstream in the metabolic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RSAU-MTAA), Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Neonila V. Kononenko
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Pyotr V. Lapshin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia (T.L.N.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nechaeva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia (T.L.N.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Marat R. Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
- Moscow K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RSAU-MTAA), Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Zagoskina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia (T.L.N.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Elena A. Smirnova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Natalya O. Yuorieva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia (T.L.N.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Galina N. Raldugina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia (T.L.N.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Inna A. Chaban
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Ludmila V. Kurenina
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia (M.R.K.); (E.A.S.); (I.A.C.); (L.V.K.)
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Sarkar MM, Rudra P, Paul P, Dua TK, Roy S. Enhanced adaptation to salinity stress in lentil seedlings through the use of trehalose-functionalized silica nanoparticles (TSiNPs): Exploring silica-sugar absorption and oxidative balance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108309. [PMID: 38169228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) confer better growth and development of plants under salinity stress. Moreover, the surface-functionalization of SiNPs with bioactive molecules is expected to enhance its efficacy. The present study thus aimed to modify the surface of SiNPs, by attaching a bioactive molecule (trehalose) to obtain TSiNPs. The successful surface functionalization was confirmed using FTIR, XRD, and EDS. The spherical shape and amorphous nature of the nanoparticles were confirmed using SEM. The TEM image analysis revealed that the size of SiNPs and TSiNPs ranged between 20-50 nm and 200-250 nm, respectively. A novel bioassay experiment designed to study the release of silica and trehalose from nanoparticles elucidated that the TSiNPs improved the release and uptake of silica. Also, trehalose uptake significantly improved after 72 h of application due to enhanced release of trehalose from TSiNPs. Further, this study also aimed to investigate the potential benefits of SiNPs and TSiNPs in promoting the growth and development of plants under salinity stress. In this context, the nanoparticles were applied to the saline-stressed (0, 200, 300 mM) lentil seedlings for the in-planta experiments. The results revealed that both SiNPs and TSiNPs improved the growth of seedlings (shoot, and root length), ionic balance (K+/Na+ ratio), and osmolyte status (sugars, proline, glycine betaine, trehalose). Additionally, increased antioxidant enzyme activities helped scavenge ROS (H2O2, O2.-) generated in NaCl-stressed seedlings, ultimately improving the membrane integrity (by reducing MDA and EL). However, the TSiNPs exhibited a much-enhanced activity in stress alleviation compared to the SiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Misti Sarkar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Pritha Rudra
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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Shao J, Tang W, Huang K, Ding C, Wang H, Zhang W, Li R, Aamer M, Hassan MU, Elnour RO, Hashem M, Huang G, Qari SH. How Does Zinc Improve Salinity Tolerance? Mechanisms and Future Prospects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3207. [PMID: 37765371 PMCID: PMC10534951 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress (SS) is a serious abiotic stress and a major constraint to agricultural productivity across the globe. High SS negatively affects plant growth and yield by altering soil physio-chemical properties and plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. The application of micronutrients is considered an important practice to mitigate the adverse effects of SS. Zinc (Zn) is an important nutrient that plays an imperative role in plant growth, and it could also help alleviate the effects of salt stress. Zn application improves seed germination, seedling growth, water uptake, plant water relations, nutrient uptake, and nutrient homeostasis, therefore improving plant performance and saline conditions. Zn application also protects the photosynthetic apparatus from salinity-induced oxidative stress and improves stomata movement, chlorophyll synthesis, carbon fixation, and osmolytes and hormone accumulation. Moreover, Zn application also increases the synthesis of secondary metabolites and the expression of stress responsive genes and stimulates antioxidant activities to counter the toxic effects of salt stress. Therefore, to better understand the role of Zn in plants under SS, we have discussed the various mechanisms by which Zn induces salinity tolerance in plants. We have also identified diverse research gaps that must be filled in future research programs. The present review article will fill the knowledge gaps on the role of Zn in mitigating salinity stress. This review will also help readers to learn more about the role of Zn and will provide new suggestions on how this knowledge can be used to develop salt tolerance in plants by using Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Shao
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Wei Tang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
| | - Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
| | - Can Ding
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
| | - Haocheng Wang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Rehab O. Elnour
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dahran Al-Janoub, Abha 64353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
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Aragão J, de Lima GS, de Lima VLA, da Silva AAR, Capitulino JD, Caetano EJM, da Silva FDA, Soares LADA, Fernandes PD, de Farias MSS, Gheyi HR, Borborema LDA, Arruda TFDL, Santos LFS. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Application on Salt Stress Mitigation in Bell Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2981. [PMID: 37631192 PMCID: PMC10458158 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on the attenuation of salt stress on the growth, photochemical efficiency, production and water use efficiency of 'All Big' bell pepper plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.8, 1.2, 2.0, 2.6 and 3.2 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 μM), with three replicates. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 15 μM attenuated the deleterious effects of salt stress on photochemical efficiency, biomass accumulation and production components of bell pepper plants irrigated using water with an electrical conductivity of up to 3.2 dS m-1. Foliar spraying of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 60 μM intensified the effects of salt stress. The 'All Big' bell pepper was classified as moderately sensitive to salt stress, with an irrigation water salinity threshold of 1.43 dS m-1 and a unit decrease of 8.25% above this salinity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Aragão
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Geovani Soares de Lima
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Jessica Dayanne Capitulino
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Edmilson Júnio Medeiros Caetano
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Francisco de Assis da Silva
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | | | - Pedro Dantas Fernandes
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Maria Sallydelândia Sobral de Farias
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Hans Raj Gheyi
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Lucyelly Dâmela Araújo Borborema
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Thiago Filipe de Lima Arruda
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Larissa Fernanda Souza Santos
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
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Characteristics of Root Cells during In Vitro Rhizogenesis under Action of NaCl in Two Tomato Genotypes Differing in Salt Tolerance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance as a complex trait is an integral part of many studies, the results of which have been used in the breeding process. The aim of this study was to compare the root response of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes (breeding line YaLF and cultivar Recordsmen) differing in salt tolerance. Rhizogenesis was induced in tomato shoots in vitro with different concentrations of NaCl in the culture medium. A number of morphobiological and cytological parameters were evaluated at the organ, tissue, and cellular levels for possible use in a comprehensive assessment of genotypes for salt tolerance. The influence of NaCl caused disruption of the cell cycle and redistribution of cells in the phases of the cell cycle. An increase in the degree of vacuolization was shown in cv Recordsmen at 75 and 150 mM NaCl and in the YaLF line at 150 mM NaCl. Under salt action, an increase/decrease in the length of cells such as columella cells (both genotypes) and epidermal cells (in cv Recordsmen at 75 and 150 mM NaCl) was shown. Differences between genotypes were demonstrated by changes in the area of the central cylinder and primary root cortex cells, as well as by changes of the Snucleolus/Snucleus ratio in these cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the modification of the chromatin structure in the root cells of these genotypes. Various cytoskeletal disorders were revealed in interphase cells of the tomato root of cv Recordsmen and the YaLF line by immunofluorescent staining under saline conditions. These morphometric and cytological parameters can be used for a comparative evaluation of genotypes differing in salt tolerance in a comprehensive assessment of varieties.
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Behera TK, Krishna R, Ansari WA, Aamir M, Kumar P, Kashyap SP, Pandey S, Kole C. Approaches Involved in the Vegetable Crops Salt Stress Tolerance Improvement: Present Status and Way Ahead. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787292. [PMID: 35281697 PMCID: PMC8916085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses as it persists throughout the plant life cycle. The productivity of crops is prominently affected by soil salinization due to faulty agricultural practices, increasing human activities, and natural processes. Approximately 10% of the total land area (950 Mha) and 50% of the total irrigated area (230 Mha) in the world are under salt stress. As a consequence, an annual loss of 12 billion US$ is estimated because of reduction in agriculture production inflicted by salt stress. The severity of salt stress will increase in the upcoming years with the increasing world population, and hence the forced use of poor-quality soil and irrigation water. Unfortunately, majority of the vegetable crops, such as bean, carrot, celery, eggplant, lettuce, muskmelon, okra, pea, pepper, potato, spinach, and tomato, have very low salinity threshold (ECt, which ranged from 1 to 2.5 dS m-1 in saturated soil). These crops used almost every part of the world and lakes' novel salt tolerance gene within their gene pool. Salt stress severely affects the yield and quality of these crops. To resolve this issue, novel genes governing salt tolerance under extreme salt stress were identified and transferred to the vegetable crops. The vegetable improvement for salt tolerance will require not only the yield influencing trait but also target those characters or traits that directly influence the salt stress to the crop developmental stage. Genetic engineering and grafting is the potential tool which can improve salt tolerance in vegetable crop regardless of species barriers. In the present review, an updated detail of the various physio-biochemical and molecular aspects involved in salt stress have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Krishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Mohd Aamir
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
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Dixit N. Salinity Induced Antioxidant Defense in Roots of Industrial Hemp (IH: Cannabis sativa L.) for Fiber during Seed Germination. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020244. [PMID: 35204127 PMCID: PMC8868197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change induced sea level rise, rainfed agriculture, poor quality irrigation water, and seawater intrusion through interconnected ditches and inland waterways cause soil salinity in inland and coastal areas. To reclaim and prevent further soil erosion, salt tolerant crops are required. Industrial Hemp (IH: Cannabis sativa L.) is used for food, fiber, and medicinal purposes throughout the world. In spite of that, little is known about the salt tolerance mechanisms in IH. Seed germination and development of the roots are the primary events in the life cycle of a plant, which directly interact with soil salinity. Therefore, in vitro germination experiments were conducted on the roots of 5-day-old seedlings using four varieties (V1: CFX-2, V2: Joey, V3: Bialobrzeskie, and V4: Henola) of IH for fiber. Five salinity treatments (0, 50, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) were used to screen the IH varieties on the basis of I: seed germination percent (SGP), II: quantitative morphological observations (root length (RL) and root fresh weight (RFW)), III: oxidative stress indices (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation), and IV: antioxidant defense system comprises of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), glutathione reductase (GR). The varieties V1 and V3 showed salt tolerance up to 100 mM by maintaining higher SGP, less reduction in RL and RFW. These roots in V1 and V3 showed lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation by displaying higher activities of SOD, CAT, GPOD, APOD, and GR while a reciprocal trend was observed in V4. However, roots in V2 showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes with lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, but showed declines in RL and RFW at 80 mM NaCl onward. Roots in V4 were the most susceptible to NaCl stress at 50 mM and onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Dixit
- Department of Agriculture Food and Resources Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
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Hasanuzzaman M, Raihan MRH, Masud AAC, Rahman K, Nowroz F, Rahman M, Nahar K, Fujita M. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179326. [PMID: 34502233 PMCID: PMC8430727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Khussboo Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Farzana Nowroz
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Mira Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 761-0795, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
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Microtubule Dynamics Plays a Vital Role in Plant Adaptation and Tolerance to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115957. [PMID: 34073070 PMCID: PMC8199277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies suggest that the plant cytoskeleton is associated with plant stress responses, such as salt, cold, and drought, the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule function in plant salt stress response remains unclear. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis between control suspension-cultured cells (A0) and salt-adapted cells (A120) established from Arabidopsis root callus to investigate plant adaptation mechanisms to long-term salt stress. We identified 50 differentially expressed proteins (45 up- and 5 down-regulated proteins) in A120 cells compared with A0 cells. Gene ontology enrichment and protein network analyses indicated that differentially expressed proteins in A120 cells were strongly associated with cell structure-associated clusters, including cytoskeleton and cell wall biogenesis. Gene expression analysis revealed that expressions of cytoskeleton-related genes, such as FBA8, TUB3, TUB4, TUB7, TUB9, and ACT7, and a cell wall biogenesis-related gene, CCoAOMT1, were induced in salt-adapted A120 cells. Moreover, the loss-of-function mutant of Arabidopsis TUB9 gene, tub9, showed a hypersensitive phenotype to salt stress. Consistent overexpression of Arabidopsis TUB9 gene in rice transgenic plants enhanced tolerance to salt stress. Our results suggest that microtubules play crucial roles in plant adaptation and tolerance to salt stress. The modulation of microtubule-related gene expression can be an effective strategy for developing salt-tolerant crops.
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Morpho-Physiological Testing of NaCl Sensitivity of Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Choline Oxidase Gene. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061102. [PMID: 34070894 PMCID: PMC8227115 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the transgenic lines (TLs) of tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L.), which overexpress the heterologous gene encoding the bacterial enzyme choline oxidase were evaluated. The goal of our work is to study the effect of choline oxidase gene expression on the sensitivity of plant tissues to the action of NaCl. The regenerative capacity, rhizogenesis, the amount of photosynthetic pigments and osmotically active compounds (proline and glycine betaine) were assessed by in vitro cell culture methods using biochemical and morphological parameters. Transgenic lines with confirmed expression were characterized by high regeneration capacity from callus in the presence of 200 mmol NaCl, partial retention of viability at 400 mmol NaCl. These data correlated with the implicit response of regenerants and whole plants to the harmful effects of salinity. They turned out to be less sensitive to the presence of 200 mmol NaCl in the cultivation medium, in contrast to the WT plants.
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Rajput VD, Harish, Singh RK, Verma KK, Sharma L, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Meena M, Gour VS, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:267. [PMID: 33810535 PMCID: PMC8066271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lav Sharma
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fitomejoramiento Molecular, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes no. 250, Col. San Joachín, C.P., 81101 Guasave, Mexico;
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, NH 11C, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
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Baranova EN, Chaban IA, Kurenina LV, Konovalova LN, Varlamova NV, Khaliluev MR, Gulevich AA. Possible Role of Crystal-Bearing Cells in Tomato Fertility and Formation of Seedless Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9480. [PMID: 33322169 PMCID: PMC7763322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal-bearing cells or idioblasts, which deposit calcium oxalate, are located in various tissues and organs of many plant species. The functional significance of their formation is currently unclear. Idioblasts in the leaf parenchyma and the development of crystal-bearing cells in the anther tissues of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon L.), expressing the heterologous FeSOD gene and which showed a decrease in fertility, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals was found to increase significantly in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type (WT) ones in idioblasts and crystal-bearing cells of the upper part of the anther. At the same time, changes in the size and shape of the crystals and their location in anther organs were noted. It seems that the interruption in the break of the anther stomium in transgenic plants was associated with the formation and cell death regulation of a specialized group of crystal-bearing cells. This disturbance caused an increase in the pool of these cells and their localization in the upper part of the anther, where rupture is initiated. Perturbations were also noted in the lower part of the anther in transgenic plants, where the amount of calcium oxalate crystals in crystal-bearing cells was reduced that was accompanied by disturbances in the morphology of pollen grains. Thus, the induction of the formation of crystal-bearing cells and calcium oxalate crystals can have multidirectional effects, contributing to the regulation of oxalate metabolism in the generative and vegetative organs and preventing fertility when the ROS balance changes, in particular, during oxidative stresses accompanying most abiotic and biotic environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Baranova
- Plant Protection Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
- Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Inna A. Chaban
- Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ludmila V. Kurenina
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Ludmila N. Konovalova
- Plant Protection Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
- Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Varlamova
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Marat R. Khaliluev
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
- Agronomy and Biotechnology Faculty, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
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