1
|
Sousa RS, Sousa CS, Oliveira FLC, Firmino PR, Sousa IKF, Paula VV, Caruso NM, Ortolani EL, Minervino AHH, Barrêto-Júnior RA. Impact of Acute Blood Loss on Clinical, Hematological, Biochemical, and Oxidative Stress Variables in Sheep. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050229. [PMID: 35622757 PMCID: PMC9147502 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood loss in sheep can have different causes and may result in anemia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations and the oxidative stress generated by acute blood loss. Eighteen healthy sheep underwent phlebotomy to remove 40% of the blood volume and were evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests for clinical, biochemical, and blood gas variables and to assess oxidative stress before induction (T0), 30 min (T30 min), and 6 (T6 h), 12 (T12 h), and 24 h (T24 h) after blood loss. The sheep showed tachycardia from T30 min until T24 h, reduction in the hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, and hemoglobin concentration, with lower values at T24 h and increase in the number of leukocytes from T12 h on. There was a reduction in blood pH and oxygen pressure at T30 min, increased lactate concentration and reduced blood bicarbonate at this time. There was an increase in urea concentration from T6 h until the end of the study, with no change in creatinine levels. The animals did not show changes in the concentration of malonaldehyde, and in the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, but there was a reduction in the concentration of reduced glutathione at T24 h. The acute loss of 40% of blood volume is capable of promoting relevant clinical, hematological, blood gas, and biochemical alterations, and contributed to the appearance of oxidative stress with reduced glutathione concentration, suggesting that this process generated free radicals in sufficient quantity to diminish the action of antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Santos Sousa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (C.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (I.K.F.S.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Caroline Santos Sousa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (C.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (I.K.F.S.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (C.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (I.K.F.S.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Paulo Ricardo Firmino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró 59625-000, RN, Brazil; (P.R.F.); (V.V.P.); (R.A.B.-J.)
| | - Isadora Karolina Freitas Sousa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (C.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (I.K.F.S.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Valeria Veras Paula
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró 59625-000, RN, Brazil; (P.R.F.); (V.V.P.); (R.A.B.-J.)
| | - Nohora Mercado Caruso
- Departamento Productividad e Innovación, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Calle 58 n.55-66, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia;
| | - Enrico Lippi Ortolani
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (C.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (I.K.F.S.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz S/N, Salé, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Raimundo Alves Barrêto-Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró 59625-000, RN, Brazil; (P.R.F.); (V.V.P.); (R.A.B.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assessment of Donkey ( Equus asinus africanus) Whole Blood Stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M Blood Bags. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020133. [PMID: 33567685 PMCID: PMC7915378 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of conservative solutions was essential to store blood for different periods, but there is no blood bag available for animals. Currently, the solution containing citrate, phosphate dextrose, and adenine (CPDA-1) and the solution containing citrate, phosphate, and dextrose plus mannitol and sodium chloride (CPD/SAG-M) are the most used in human blood conservation. In this study, we propose to evaluate whether the CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M blood bags designed for humans are efficient for the conservation of donkey whole blood for 42 days. During storage, both blood bags resulted in mild alterations in the stored blood, but the two bags were efficient and very similar in preserving donkey blood for up to 42 days. Both types of human-designed blood bags can be used for donkey transfusion medicine. Abstract Hemotherapy using whole blood and its components is being increasingly used in veterinary therapy. Since it is important to store animal blood while maintaining acceptable hematological, blood gas, and biochemical characteristics, increasing our knowledge of available technologies for strategic blood storage is imperative. Thus, we aimed to assess the hematological, blood gas, and biochemical changes in donkey whole blood using blood bags with two different types of storage agents. Eight adult healthy male donkeys were used; 900 mL of blood was collected from each, with 450 mL stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose and adenine bags (CPDA-1) and 450 mL stored in bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose, adenine, mannitol, and sodium chloride (CPD/SAG-M). Both bags were kept refrigerated between 1 and 6 °C for 42 days. Blood samples were removed from the bags eight times (T): T0 (immediately after blood collection), T1, T3, T7, T14, T21, T35, and T42 (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35 and 42 days after storage). Hematological, blood gas, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed. The CPDA-1 bags had a higher packed cell volume when compared to CPD/ SAG-M. The red blood cell count reduced by around 19% in both the bags due to hemolysis, which was confirmed by an increase in plasma hemoglobin. The white blood cell count; pH; concentrations of glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate were reduced in both bags. Meanwhile, pO2, pCO2, lactate dehydrogenase, and levels of potassium increased in the CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M bags. Blood bags were efficient for the storage of donkey blood for up to 42 days.
Collapse
|