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Singh V, Mandhania S, Pal A, Kaur T, Banakar P, Sankaranarayanan K, Arya SS, Malik K, Datten R. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes upon sucking insect-pest infestations. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2023-2039. [PMID: 36573153 PMCID: PMC9789232 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sucking insect-pests on the morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves of four cotton genotypes-Bio 100 BG-II and GCH-3 (highly tolerant); KDCHH-9810 BG-II and HS-6 (highly susceptible)-were examined. Compared to tolerant genotypes, susceptible genotypes showed a decrease in relative water content, specific leaf weight, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, and total chlorophyll content, with an increase in electrolyte leakage. Hydrogen peroxide and total soluble sugar content were higher in susceptible plants. In contrast, resistant plants had higher levels of total soluble protein, total phenolic content, gossypol content, tannin content, peroxidase activity, and polyphenol oxidase. The findings demonstrated that the Bio 100 BG-II and GCH-3 genotypes effectively offset the impact of sucking insect-pests by modifying the factors mentioned above. The KDCHH-9810 BG-II and HS-6 genotypes could not completely negate the effects of sucking insect-pests. Customized metabolites and total soluble protein are more efficient in protecting cotton plants from damage brought on by infestations of sucking insects and pests. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01253-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Shiwani Mandhania
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Taranjeet Kaur
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Prakash Banakar
- Department of Nematology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - K. Sankaranarayanan
- Regional Station, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - S. S. Arya
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Karmal Malik
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Rashi Datten
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
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Polo-Castellano C, Álvarez JÁ, Palma M, Barbero GF, Ayuso J, Ferreiro-González M. Optimization through a Box-Behnken Experimental Design of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction of the Psychoactive Compounds in Hallucinogenic Fungi ( Psylocibe cubensis). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:598. [PMID: 35736081 PMCID: PMC9225378 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallucinogenic fungi, mainly those from the Psilocybe genus, are being increasingly consumed even though there is no control on their culture conditions. Due to the therapeutic potential as antidepressants and anxiolytics of the alkaloids that they produce (psilocin and psilocybin), some form of control on their production would be highly recommended. Prior to identifying their optimal culture condition, a methodology that allows their study is required. Microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) is a technique that has proven its efficiency to extract different compounds from solid matrices. For this reason, this study intends to optimize a MAE method to extract the alkaloids found in Psylocibe cubensis. A surface-response Box-Behnken design has been employed to optimize such extraction method and significantly reduce time and other resources in the extraction process. Based on the Box-Behnken design, 50 °C temperature, 60% methanol as extraction solvent, 0.6 g:10 mL sample mass:solvent ratio and 5 min extraction time, were established as optimal conditions. These mild conditions, combined with a rapid and efficient UHPLC analysis result in a practical and economical methodology for the extraction of psilocin and psilocybin from Psylocibe cubensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curro Polo-Castellano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - José Á. Álvarez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, INBIO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.Á.Á.); (J.A.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - Gerardo F. Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - Jesús Ayuso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, INBIO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.Á.Á.); (J.A.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, INBIO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.Á.Á.); (J.A.); (M.F.-G.)
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UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The algae Kappaphycus alvarezii is considered an important raw material for industrial practices, producing high economic value of various derived products. However, the quality of this commodity, which can be indicated by the level of phenolic compounds, may vary due to growth factors, including cultivation sites. An analytical UV-Vis spectrophotometry method coupled with chemometrics was proposed to standardize the red alga based on the content of phenolic compounds. The correlation between the UV-Vis spectra and UPLC–PDA results, combined with a multivariate calibration of the K. alvarezii extracts, was analyzed. The extracts were prepared using an ultrasound-based technique and subsequently subjected to UV-Vis spectral measurements at 200–800 nm and UPLC–PDA at 260 and 330 nm. Chemometric techniques and partial least squares (PLS) were applied to the acquired data to build a reliable analysis of the phenolics in the K. alvarezii extracts. The result showed that the wavelength combination of 200–450 and 600–690 nm provided a valid method for quantitative analysis of the studied phenolics that belong to hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoid with a coefficient of regression (R2) > 0.96 in the calibration and validation models, along with an RMSEC and RMSEP value < 8%. The method was then employed to characterize the K. alvarezii samples from 13 different cultivation areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) generated principal components that produced a clear distribution among the samples of K. alvarezii based on phenolic compounds corresponding to the geographical origin.
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