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Paul S, Bhuyan S, Balasoupramanien DD, Palaniappan A. Muco-Adhesive and Muco-Penetrative Formulations for the Oral Delivery of Insulin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24121-24141. [PMID: 38882129 PMCID: PMC11170654 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Insulin, a pivotal anabolic hormone, regulates glucose homeostasis by facilitating the conversion of blood glucose to energy or storage. Dysfunction in insulin activity, often associated with pancreatic β cells impairment, leads to hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of β cells, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) stems from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors causing β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Currently, insulin therapy is used for most of the cases of T1D, while it is used only in a few persistent cases of T2D, often supplemented with dietary and lifestyle changes. The key challenge in oral insulin delivery lies in overcoming gastrointestinal (GI) barriers, including enzymatic degradation, low permeability, food interactions, low bioavailability, and long-term safety concerns. The muco-adhesive (MA) and muco-penetrative (MP) formulations aim to enhance oral insulin delivery by addressing these challenges. The mucus layer, a hydrogel matrix covering epithelial cells in the GI tract, poses significant barriers to oral insulin absorption. Its structure, composition, and turnover rate influence interactions with insulin and other drug carriers. Some of the few factors that influence mucoadhesion and mucopenetration are particle size, surface charge distribution, and surface modifications. This review discusses the challenges associated with oral insulin delivery, explores the properties of mucus, and evaluates the strategies for achieving excellent MA and MP formulations, focusing on nanotechnology-based approaches. The development of effective oral insulin formulations holds the potential to revolutionize diabetes management, providing patients with a more convenient and patient-friendly alternative to traditional insulin administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Paul
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
- Advanced Academic Programs, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland21218, United States
| | - Snigdha Bhuyan
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | | | - Arunkumar Palaniappan
- Human Organ Manufacturing Engineering (HOME) Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Li Y, Chen L, Xu Y, Li S, Yan H, Chen T, Hua Z, Wu D, Zhao R, Hu J. Helical-Like Assembly of Nateglinide as Coating for Oral Delivery of Insulin and Their Synergistic Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301879. [PMID: 37587777 PMCID: PMC10582466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery of antidiabetic active components promises to free millions of people from daily suffering who require routine injections. However, oral insulin (Ins) and other short-acting compounds such as nateglinide (NG) in harsh gastrointestinal tract still face great challenging, including low bioavailability, and rapid elimination. In this study, inspired by the self-assembly of phenylalanine-based peptides in nature, it is showed that NG a small phenylalanine derivative, assembles into left-handed helical nanofibers in the presence of Ca2+ . These helical NG nanofibers functioned as a coating layer on the surface of Ca2+ -linked alginate (Alg) microgels for the effective encapsulation of Ins. As expected, the sustained release and prolonged circulation of Ins and NG from the Ins-loading Alg/NG microgels (Ins@Alg/NG) in the intestinal tract synergistically maintain a relatively normal blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice after oral administration of Ins@Alg/NG. This further confirms that Ins@Alg/NG ameliorated Ins resistance mainly through activating Insreceptor substrate 1 (IRS1), protein kinase B (AKT), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as by repressing glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The strategy of using the assembly of NG as a coating achieves the oral delivery of insulin and showcases a potential for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Lihang Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Yu Xu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Sihui Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Huijia Yan
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Tao Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Ziqi Hua
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Di Wu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Runan Zhao
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlNational Engineering Research Center of SeafoodCollaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China
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Müller L, Rosenbaum C, Rump A, Grimm M, Klammt F, Kleinwort A, Busemann A, Weitschies W. Determination of Mucoadhesion of Polyvinyl Alcohol Films to Human Intestinal Tissue. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1740. [PMID: 37376191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The absorption of drugs with narrow absorption windows in the upper small intestine can be improved with a mucoadhesive drug delivery system such as enteric films. To predict the mucoadhesive behaviour in vivo, suitable in vitro or ex vivo methods can be performed. In this study, the influence of tissue storage and sampling site on the mucoadhesion of polyvinyl alcohol film to human small intestinal mucosa was investigated. Tissue from twelve human subjects was used to determine adhesion using a tensile strength method. Thawing of tissue frozen at -20 °C resulted in a significantly higher work of adhesion (p = 0.0005) when a low contact force was applied for one minute, whereas the maximum detachment force was not affected. When the contact force and time were increased, no differences were found for thawed tissue compared to fresh tissue. No change in adhesion was observed depending on the sampling location. Initial results from a comparison of adhesion to porcine and human mucosa suggest that the tissues are equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Müller
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Rump
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Klammt
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annabel Kleinwort
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17457 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Busemann
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17457 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Elsayed A, Al-Remawi M, Jaber N, Abu-Salah KM. Advances in buccal and oral delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122623. [PMID: 36681204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic endocrine disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in metabolic processes, such as those related to carbohydrates, fat, and protein. There are two main types of this disease: type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin therapy is pivotal to the management of diabetes. Over the last two decades, many routes of administration, including nasal, pulmonary, rectal, transdermal, buccal, and ocular, have been investigated. Nevertheless, subcutaneous parenteral administration is still the most common route for insulin therapy. To overcome poor bioavailability and the barriers to oral insulin absorption, novel approaches in the field of oral drug delivery and administration have been brought about by the coalescence of different branches of nanoscience and nanotechnology, such as nanomedicine, nano-biochemistry, and nano-pharmacy. Novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nano-platforms, and nanocarriers, have been suggested. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the various promising approaches that have been explored and evaluated for the safe and efficient oral and buccal administration of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elsayed
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Nisrein Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Abu-Salah
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Nanomedicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Goo YT, Lee S, Choi JY, Kim MS, Sin GH, Hong SH, Kim CH, Song SH, Choi YW. Enhanced oral absorption of insulin: hydrophobic ion pairing and a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system using a D-optimal mixture design. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2831-2845. [PMID: 36050870 PMCID: PMC9448375 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilicity of a peptide drug can be considerably increased by hydrophobic ion pairing with amphiphilic counterions for successful incorporation into lipid-based formulations. Herein, to enhance the oral absorption of insulin (INS), a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation was developed. Prior to optimization, INS was complexed with sodium n-octadecyl sulfate (SOS) to increase the loading into the SMEDDS. The INS–SOS complex was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and its dissociation behavior. The SMEDDS was optimized using a D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables including Capmul MCM (X1, 9.31%), Labrasol (X2, 49.77%), and Tetraglycol (X3, 40.92%) and three response variables including droplet size (Y1, 115.2 nm), INS stability (Y2, 46.75%), and INS leakage (Y3, 17.67%). The desirability function was 0.766, indicating excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The stability of INS-SOS against gastrointestinal enzymes was noticeably improved in the SMEDDS, and the majority of INS remained in oil droplets during release. Following oral administration in diabetic rats, the optimized SMEDDS resulted in pharmacological availabilities of 3.23% (50 IU/kg) and 2.13% (100 IU/kg). Thus, the optimized SMEDDS is a good candidate for the practical development of oral delivery of peptide drugs such as INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Müller L, Rosenbaum C, Krause J, Weitschies W. Characterization of an In Vitro/Ex Vivo Mucoadhesiveness Measurement Method of PVA Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235146. [PMID: 36501540 PMCID: PMC9741245 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmucosal drug delivery systems can be an attractive alternative to conventional oral dosage forms such as tablets. There are numerous in vitro methods to estimate the behavior of mucoadhesive dosage forms in vivo. In this work, a tensile test system was used to measure the mucoadhesion of polyvinyl alcohol films. An in vitro screening of potential influencing variables was performed on biomimetic agar/mucin gels. Among the test device-specific factors, contact time and withdrawal speed were identified as influencing parameters. In addition, influencing factors such as the sample area, which showed a linear relationship in relation to the resulting work, and the liquid addition, which led to an abrupt decrease in adhesion, could be identified. The influence of tissue preparation was investigated in ex vivo experiments on porcine small intestinal tissue. It was found that lower values of Fmax and Wad were obtained on processed and fresh tissue than on processed and thawed tissue. Film adhesion on fresh, unprocessed tissue was lowest in most of the animals tested. Comparison of ex vivo measurements on porcine small intestinal tissue with in vitro measurements on agar/mucin gels illustrates the inter- and intra-individual variability of biological tissue.
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Gómez-Guillén MC, Montero MP. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of natural compounds and probiotics by mucoadhesive tailored biopolymer-based nanoparticles: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Puri V, Sharma A, Kumar P, Singh I, Huanbutta K. Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Gum Ghatti as a Novel Excipient: Development of Compression-Coated Mucoadhesive Tablets of Domperidone. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15844-15854. [PMID: 34179628 PMCID: PMC8223422 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymers represent a major part of site-specific and localized retention strategies in oral drug delivery. The present research was designed to synthesize and characterize a novel mucoadhesive carbohydrate polymer (thiolated gum ghatti; TGG), which was employed to formulate mucoadhesive tablets of domperidone using an industrially viable compression coating technique. Thiolation of gum ghatti was achieved by the ester formation (esterification) between the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group of gum ghatti and thioglycolic acid. TGG was characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC. In rheological studies, the observed viscosities of pure gum mucin were 45.45 and 71.75 mPa·s and those of the thiolated gum were 78.7 and 112.58 mPa·s, respectively, in water and simulated gastric fluid. A significant increase in viscosity for thiolated gum may be attributed to increased macromolecular interactions responsible for enhanced mucoadhesive potential of thiolated gum. In silico studies corroborate the role of mucin gum interaction and energetic stabilization for enhanced mucoadhesion properties of thiolated gum. Ex vivo mucoadhesion strength of gum ghatti- and TGG-coated tablets was found to be ranging between 45.77 ± 1.49 and 88.16 ± 1.75 and 115.32 ± 2.36 and 184.65 ± 2.07 mN, respectively. In an acute oral toxicity study, TGG did not show any toxicity on the vital organs of the Wistar rat and proved to be a safe polymer. TGG may be regarded as a promising polymer for developing different mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
- Chitkara
University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara
University, Solan 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
- Chitkara
University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara
University, Solan 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169, Saensook, Muang 20131, Chonburi, Thailand
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Abstract
Diabetes is still one of the main diseases worldwide due to its high incidence, prevalence and, unfortunately, very high mortality. Type 1 diabetes (and in some other types) is generally controlled by exogenous insulin. Several attempts of oral insulin administration to humans have been done so far. Some of them achieved interesting results, but it seems to exist a barrier to transpose these studies into clinical trials. A broad perspective about the oral insulin and approaches will be addressed. Representative (not all) examples of innovation are herein described, and they should represent a step forward to achieve the main goal: to orally deliver insulin and improve the life quality of millions of patients.
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Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation of Insulin-Loaded Whey Beads as an Oral Peptide Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050656. [PMID: 34064415 PMCID: PMC8147814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
For many diabetics, daily, lifelong insulin injections are required to effectively manage blood glucose levels and the complications associated with the disease. This can be a burden and reduces patient quality of life. Our goal was to develop a more convenient oral delivery system that may be suitable for insulin and other peptides. Insulin was entrapped in 1.5-mm beads made from denatured whey protein isolate (dWPI) using gelation. Beads were then air-dried with fumed silica, Aerosil®. The encapsulation efficiency was ~61% and the insulin loading was ~25 µg/mg. Dissolution in simulated gastric-, and simulated intestinal fluids (SGF, SIF) showed that ~50% of the insulin was released from beads in SGF, followed by an additional ~10% release in SIF. The omission of Aerosil® allowed greater insulin release, suggesting that it formed a barrier on the bead surface. Circular dichroism analysis of bead-released insulin revealed an unaltered secondary structure, and insulin bioactivity was retained in HepG2 cells transfected to assess activation of the endogenous insulin receptors. Insulin-entrapped beads were found to provide partial protection against pancreatin for at least 60 min. A prototype bead construct was then synthesised using an encapsulator system and tested in vivo using a rat intestinal instillation bioassay. It was found that 50 IU/kg of entrapped insulin reduced plasma glucose levels by 55% in 60 min, similar to that induced by subcutaneously (s.c.)-administered insulin (1 IU/kg). The instilled insulin-entrapped beads produced a relative bioavailability of 2.2%. In conclusion, when optimised, dWPI-based beads may have potential as an oral peptide delivery system.
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Development of a Topical Insulin Polymeric Nanoformulation for Skin Burn Regeneration: An Experimental Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084087. [PMID: 33920964 PMCID: PMC8071315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone with many physiological functions, besides its use in diabetes treatment. An important role of insulin is related to the wound healing process-however, insulin itself is too sensitive to the external environment requiring the protective of a nanocarrier. Polymer-based nanoparticles can protect, deliver, and retain the protein in the target area. This study aims to produce and characterize a topical treatment for wound healing consisting of insulin-loaded poly-DL-lactide/glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles. Insulin-loaded nanoparticles present a mean size of approximately 500 nm and neutral surface charge. Spherical shaped nanoparticles are observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by atomic force microscopy. SDS-PAGE and circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that insulin preserved its integrity and secondary structure after the encapsulation process. In vitro release studies suggested a controlled release profile. Safety of the formulation was confirmed using cell lines, and cell viability was concentration and time-dependent. Preliminary safety in vivo assays also revealed promising results.
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12
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Reis CP. Meet Our Editorial Board Member. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/157488551601210427091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Marine-Derived Biomolecules. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010012. [PMID: 33375529 PMCID: PMC7824719 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Amaral M, Pereiro AB, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Recent advances in ionic liquids and nanotechnology for drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 16:63-80. [PMID: 33356551 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery and drug development, it is estimated that around 40% of commercialized and 90% of under-study drugs have inadequate pharmaceutical properties, severely impairing its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, there is a strong demand to find strategies to enhance the delivery of such drugs. Ionic liquids are a novel class of liquids composed of a combination of organic salts that are of particular interest alone or in combination with drug delivery systems. This review is focused on the recent efforts using ionic liquids in drug solubility, formulation and drug delivery with specific emphasis on nanotechnology. The latest developments using hybrid delivery systems obtained upon the combination of drug delivery systems and ionic liquids will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana B Pereiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-003, Portugal.,IBEB, Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
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