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Quillet JC, Siani-Rose M, McKee R, Goldstein B, Taylor M, Kurek I. A machine learning approach for understanding the metabolomics response of children with autism spectrum disorder to medical cannabis treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13022. [PMID: 37608004 PMCID: PMC10444802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition impacting behavior, communication, social interaction and learning abilities. Medical cannabis (MC) treatment can reduce clinical symptoms in individuals with ASD. Cannabis-responsive biomarkers are metabolites found in saliva that change in response to MC treatment. Previously we showed levels of these biomarkers in children with ASD successfully treated with MC shift towards the physiological levels detected in typically developing (TD) children, and potentially can quantify the impact. Here, we tested for the first time the capabilities of machine learning techniques applied to our dynamic, high-resolution and rich feature dataset of cannabis-responsive biomarkers from a limited number of children with ASD before and after MC treatment and a TD group to identify: (1) biomarkers distinguishing ASD and TD groups; (2) non-cannabinoid plant molecules with synergistic effects; and (3) biomarkers associated with specific cannabinoids. We found: (1) lysophosphatidylethanolamine can distinguish between ASD and TD groups; (2) novel phytochemicals contribute to the therapeutic effects of MC treatment by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase; and (3) THC- and CBD-associated cannabis-responsive biomarkers are two distinct groups, while CBG is associated with some biomarkers from both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Siani-Rose
- Cannformatics, Inc., 3859 Cesar Chavez St, San Francisco, CA, 94131, USA
| | - Robert McKee
- Cannformatics, Inc., 3859 Cesar Chavez St, San Francisco, CA, 94131, USA
| | - Bonni Goldstein
- Cannformatics, Inc., 3859 Cesar Chavez St, San Francisco, CA, 94131, USA
| | - Myiesha Taylor
- Cannformatics, Inc., 3859 Cesar Chavez St, San Francisco, CA, 94131, USA
| | - Itzhak Kurek
- Cannformatics, Inc., 3859 Cesar Chavez St, San Francisco, CA, 94131, USA.
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Mateș L, Rusu ME, Popa DS. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Walnut Septum: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030604. [PMID: 36978850 PMCID: PMC10045788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, scientific evidence has stressed the importance of plants in the prevention and/or supportive treatment of a plethora of diseases, many of them chronic, age-associated disorders. Juglans regia L. is a traditional plant that has been integrated into traditional medicine since ancient times. Due to the presence of biologically active compounds, walnut was used in the treatment of various maladies. Recently, investigations have focused on the walnut by-products and waste products, with research on their valuable constituents and active properties. Among these secondary products, walnut septum was analyzed in several studies, its phytochemical profile described, and some of the biological activities examined. However, compared to other walnut by-products, no comprehensive review to gather all the pertinent scientific knowledge was found in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically assess the information furnished by peer-reviewed articles regarding the walnut septum chemical composition and the related biological activities, including antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory effects, antimicrobial properties, antidiabetic activities, anti-tumor properties, and anti-aging potential. In conclusion, as these preclinical studies showed that walnut septum metabolites were responsible for a wide range of preventive and therapeutic uses, further research should confirm the beneficial outcomes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letiția Mateș
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-450-555
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz IP, Tkacz K, Nowicka P, Bobak Ł. Nuts as functional foods: Variation of nutritional and phytochemical profiles and their in vitro bioactive properties. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100418. [PMID: 36211787 PMCID: PMC9532779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional, biological and in vitro anti-diabetic, -obesity, -cholinergic of nuts. Polymeric procyanidins dominant polyphenols. Oleanic and pomolic acids dominant triterpenes. Nuts are low in Cu, Zn, Mn, Na, but rich in K and Mg. All nuts showed high activity in inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase.
The aim of the present study was to examine the nutritional (fat, fatty acids, minerals, sugars) and bioactive compounds (polyphenols, tocochromanols, triterpene) and their influence on in vitro anti-diabetic (pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase), anti-obesity (pancreatic lipase) and anti-cholinergic (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activity of 8 different popular nuts—pecan, pine, hazelnuts, pistachio, almonds, cashew, walnuts, and macadamia. The total content of phenolic compounds in nuts ranged from 432.9 (walnuts) to 5.9 (pistachio) mg/100 g. The dominant polyphenols are polymeric procyanidins (walnuts – 415.1 mg/100 g). Nuts are rich in tocochromanols (832.9–4377.5 μg/100 g), especially α- and γ-tocopherols. The highest content of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) was detected in hazelnuts and almonds (2551.0 and 2489.7 μg/100 g, respectively) while the lowest amounts were detected in macadamia, cashew and walnuts. The most abundant in nuts are oleanic and pomolic acids (35 and 22 % of total, respectively), while betulin, uvaol and erythrodiol are less characteristic triterpenes for nuts (<1%). Pine nuts are the nuts with the highest content of triterpene (690.3 mg/100 g). Pistachio and almonds are the richest in total fat (>45 %), but monounsaturated (17.5–79.3 %; hazelnuts, almonds, cashew, macadamia, pistachio and pecan) and polyunsaturated (7.5–69.3 %; pine, walnuts) are the dominant fatty acids. Moreover, nuts are low in Cu, Zn, Mn and Na content, but rich in K (464.5–1772.3 mg/100 g) and Mg (197.0–502.5 mg/100 g). Macadamia, walnuts and cashew are good sources of Se. Pistachio, almonds and cashew were characterized by the highest content of sugars, but the dominant sugar was saccharose (58.2–2399.3 mg/100 g). All nuts showed high activity in inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase (>90 %), but lower ability to inhibit pancreatic α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activity. The activity in inhibiting acetyl- and butylcholinesterase was up to 30 %. As described above, all nuts contain various compounds that improve the nutritional value. Therefore they should be one of the important components of the daily human diet rich in functional foods.
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Dehghan M, Fathinejad F, Farzaei MH, Barzegari E. In silico unraveling of molecular anti-neurodegenerative profile of Citrus medica flavonoids against novel pharmaceutical targets. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis, biological effects of phenolic compounds extracted by microwave method from Algerian Zizyphus lotus fruits. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohammadpour A, Mahabady MK, Ranjbar R, Tabandeh MR, Jamshidian J. Effect of Mentha spicata L. Essential Oil Orally Exposure During Organogenesis in Wistar Rats and Development of Fetus Bone. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zengin G, Ak G, Ceylan R, Uysal S, Llorent-Martínez E, Di Simone SC, Rapino M, Acquaviva A, Libero ML, Chiavaroli A, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Cataldi A, Orlando G, Menghini L, Ferrante C, Balaha M, di Giacomo V. Novel Perceptions on Chemical Profile and Biopharmaceutical Properties of Mentha spicata Extracts: Adding Missing Pieces to the Scientific Puzzle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:233. [PMID: 35050121 PMCID: PMC8779166 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mentha spicata is one of the most popular species in the genus, and it is of great interest as a gastrointestinal and sedative agent in the folk medicine system. In this study, different M. spicata extracts, obtained by the use of four solvents (hexane, chloroform, acetone and acetone/water) were chemically characterized using HPLC-ESI-MS n, which allowed for identification of 27 phenolic compounds. The extracts' antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties were investigated. In addition, neuroprotective effects were evaluated in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells, and the ability of the extracts to prevent the hydrogen peroxide-induced degradation of dopamine and serotonin was observed. The best antioxidant effect was achieved for all the extraction methods using acetone/water as a solvent. These extracts were the richest in acacetin, eriodictyol, hesperidin, sagerinic acid, naringenin, luteolin, chlorogenic acid, chrysoeriol and apigenin. The intrinsic antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of the acetone/water extract could also explain, albeit partially, its efficacy in preventing prostaglandin E2 overproduction and dopamine depletion (82.9% turnover reduction) in HypoE22 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Thus, our observations can provide a scientific confirmation of the neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects of M. spicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Ramazan Ceylan
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Sengul Uysal
- Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational College, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey;
- Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Eulogio Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaen, Spain;
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Monica Rapino
- Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Marwa Balaha
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (V.d.G.)
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An Integrated NMR, LC-DAD-MS, LC-QTOF Metabolomic Characterization of Sartoria hedysaroides: Correlation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity with Chemical Composition by Multivariate Data Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010110. [PMID: 35052614 PMCID: PMC8773218 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sartoria hedysaroides Boiss and Heldr. (Fabaceae) is an endemic plant of Turkey that has received little scientific consideration so far. In the present study, the chemical profiles of extracts from the aerial part and roots of S. hedysaroides obtained using solvents with different polarities were analyzed combining integrated NMR, LC-DAD-MSn, and LC-QTOF methods. In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated, and the results were combined with chemical data using multivariate approaches. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, ellagitannins, and coumarins were identified and quantified in the extracts of aerial part and roots. Methanolic extract of S. hedysaroides aerial part showed the highest phenolic content and the highest antioxidant activity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. Dichloromethane extract of S. hedysaroides roots showed the highest inhibition of butyryl cholinesterase, while methanolic extract of S. hedysaroides aerial part was the most active tyrosinase inhibitor. Multivariate data analysis allowed us to observe a good correlation between phenolic compounds, especially caffeoylquinic derivatives and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of extracts. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was correlated with the presence of caffeoylquinic acids and coumarins. Overall, the present study appraised the biological potential of understudied S. hedysaroides, and provided a comprehensive approach combining metabolomic characterization of plant material and multivariate data analysis for the correlation of chemical data with results from multi-target biological assays.
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Amat-ur-Rasool H, Ahmed M, Hasnain S, Ahmed A, Carter WG. In Silico Design of Dual-Binding Site Anti-Cholinesterase Phytochemical Heterodimers as Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:152-175. [PMID: 35723391 PMCID: PMC8929005 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), continues to grow yearly. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) represent the first-line symptomatic drug treatment for mild-to-moderate AD; however, there is an unmet need to produce ChEIs with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Herein, phytochemicals with reported anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were ranked in silico for their anti-AChE potential. Ligands with a similar or higher binding affinity to AChE than galantamine were then selected for the design of novel dual-binding site heterodimeric drugs. In silico molecular docking of heterodimers with the target enzymes, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), were performed, and anti-cholinesterase binding affinities were compared with donepezil. Drug-likeliness properties and toxicity of the heterodimers were assessed using the SwissADME and ProTox-II webservers. Nine phytochemicals displayed similar or higher binding affinities to AChE than galantamine: sanguinarine > huperzine A > chelerythrine > yohimbine > berberine > berberastine > naringenin > akuammicine > carvone. Eleven heterodimeric ligands were designed with phytochemicals separated by four- or five-carbon alkyl-linkers. All heterodimers were theoretically potent AChE and BuChE dual-binding site inhibitors, with the highest affinity achieved with huperzine-4C-naringenin, which displayed 34% and 26% improved affinity to AChE and BuChE, respectively, then the potent ChEI drug, donepezil. Computational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic screening suggested that phytochemical heterodimers would display useful gastrointestinal absorption and with relatively low predicted toxicity. Collectively, the present study suggests that phytochemicals could be garnered for the provision of novel ChEIs with enhanced drug efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Wayne Grant Carter
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1332-724738
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Schreiner T, Sauter D, Friz M, Heil J, Morlock GE. Is Our Natural Food Our Homeostasis? Array of a Thousand Effect-Directed Profiles of 68 Herbs and Spices. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755941. [PMID: 34955829 PMCID: PMC8696259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of plant-rich diets and traditional medicines are increasingly recognized in the treatment of civilization diseases due to the abundance and diversity of bioactive substances therein. However, the important active portion of natural food or plant-based medicine is presently not under control. Hence, a paradigm shift from quality control based on marker compounds to effect-directed profiling is postulated. We investigated 68 powdered plant extracts (botanicals) which are added to food products in food industry. Among them are many plants that are used as traditional medicines, herbs and spices. A generic strategy was developed to evaluate the bioactivity profile of each botanical as completely as possible and to straightforwardly assign the most potent bioactive compounds. It is an 8-dimensional hyphenation of normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography with multi-imaging by ultraviolet, visible and fluorescence light detection as well as effect-directed assay and heart-cut of the bioactive zone to orthogonal reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromato-graphy-photodiode array detection-heated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the non-target, effect-directed screening via 16 different on-surface assays, we tentatively assigned more than 60 important bioactive compounds in the studied botanicals. These were antibacterials, estrogens, antiestrogens, androgens, and antiandrogens, as well as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and tyrosinase inhibitors, which were on-surface heart-cut eluted from the bioautogram or enzyme inhibition autogram to the next dimension for further targeted characterization. This biological-physicochemical hyphenation is able to detect and control active mechanisms of traditional medicines or botanicals as well as the essentials of plant-based food. The array of 1,292 profiles (68 samples × 19 detections) showed the versatile bioactivity potential of natural food. It reveals how efficiently and powerful our natural food contributes to our homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schreiner
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dorena Sauter
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maren Friz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Heil
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud Elisabeth Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Phenolic Composition, Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti-quorum Sensing Activities of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn). CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Analytical Methods for Exploring Nutraceuticals Based on Phenolic Acids and Polyphenols. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes comprise an enormous family of bioactive molecules with a range of positive properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory effects. As a result, plant extracts are often purified to recover phenolic compound-enriched fractions to be used to develop nutraceutical products or dietary supplements. In this article, we review the properties of some remarkable plant-based nutraceuticals in which the active molecules are mainly polyphenols and related compounds. Methods for the characterization of these extracts, the chemical determination of the bioactivities of key molecules, and the principal applications of the resulting products are discussed in detail.
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Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Lawsonia inermis Seeds Related to Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5965061. [PMID: 34335830 PMCID: PMC8313326 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5965061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) seeds has been frequently recommended for the improvement of memory in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). In this respect, different fractions of the plant were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro biological assays related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity as well as metal chelating ability and DPPH antioxidant activity. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were able to inhibit the BChE selectively with IC50 values of 113.47 and 124.90 μg/mL, respectively, compared with donepezil as the reference drug (IC50 = 1.52 μg/mL). However, all fractions were inactive toward AChE. Phytochemical analysis of the dichloromethane fraction indicated the presence of β-sitosterol (1), 3-O-β-acetyloleanolic acid (2), 3-O-(Z)-coumaroyl oleanolic acid (3), betulinic acid (4), and oleanolic acid (5). The inhibitory activity of isolated compounds was also evaluated toward AChE and BChE. Among them, compounds 2 and 5 showed potent inhibitory activity toward BChE with IC50 values of 77.13 and 72.20 μM, respectively. However, all compounds were inactive toward AChE. Moreover, molecular docking study confirmed desired interactions between those compounds and the BChE active site. The ability of fractions and compounds to chelate biometals (Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+) was also investigated. Finally, DPPH antioxidant assay revealed that the ethyl acetate (IC50 = 3.08 μg/mL) and methanol (IC50 = 3.64 μg/mL) fractions possessed excellent antioxidant activity in comparison to BHA as the positive control (IC50 = 3.79 μg/mL).
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Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Bascón-Villegas I, Rodríguez A, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Fernández-Prior Á, Rosal A, Carrasco E. Valorisation of Olea europaea L. Olive Leaves through the Evaluation of Their Extracts: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Foods 2021; 10:966. [PMID: 33925051 PMCID: PMC8145053 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. leaves constitute a source of bioactive compounds with recognized benefits for both human health and technological purposes. In the present work, different extracts from olive leaves were obtained by the application of two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and six solvents (distilled water, ethanolic and glycerol mixtures solvents). MAE was applied under 40, 60 and 80 °C for 3, 6.5 and 10 min. The effect of the extraction method, solvent and treatment factors (the latter in MAE) on the total phenol content (TPC), the antioxidant activity (AA) and the phenolic profile of the extracts were all evaluated. The extracts showed high values of TPC (up to 76.1 mg GAE/g DW) and AA (up to 78 mg TE/g DW), with oleuropein being the most predominant compound in all extracts. The Soxhlet extraction method exhibited better yields in TPC than in MAE, although both methods presented comparable AA values. The water MAE extract presented the strongest antimicrobial activity against five foodborne pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 2.5 to 60 mg/mL. MAE water extract is proposed to be exploited in the food and nutraceutical industry in the frame of a sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
- BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Marie-Curie Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Isabel Bascón-Villegas
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
- BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Marie-Curie Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Marie-Curie Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
| | - África Fernández-Prior
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Antonio Rosal
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Elena Carrasco
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
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Kumar M, Tomar M, Amarowicz R, Saurabh V, Nair MS, Maheshwari C, Sasi M, Prajapati U, Hasan M, Singh S, Changan S, Prajapat RK, Berwal MK, Satankar V. Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040752. [PMID: 33916183 PMCID: PMC8066327 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psidium guajava (L.) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and it is an important fruit in tropical areas like India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America. The leaves of the guava plant have been studied for their health benefits which are attributed to their plethora of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, avicularin, apigenin, guaijaverin, kaempferol, hyperin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid. Extracts from guava leaves (GLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotection activities. In the present review, we comprehensively present the nutritional profile and phytochemical profile of GLs. Further, various bioactivities of the GL extracts are also discussed critically. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of GLs, they can potentially be used as an ingredient in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. More detailed clinical trials need to be conducted to establish the efficacy of the GL extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR—Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India;
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Vivek Saurabh
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (U.P.)
| | - M. Sneha Nair
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India;
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Department of Agriculture Energy and Power, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Uma Prajapati
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Sushil Changan
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR—Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Prajapat
- School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Mukesh K. Berwal
- Division of Crop improvement, ICAR—Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 334006, India;
| | - Varsha Satankar
- Ginning Training Centre, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur 440023, India;
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Tafrihi M, Imran M, Tufail T, Gondal TA, Caruso G, Sharma S, Sharma R, Atanassova M, Atanassov L, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Pezzani R. The Wonderful Activities of the Genus Mentha: Not Only Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:1118. [PMID: 33672486 PMCID: PMC7923432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their derived compounds have drawn the attention of researchers due to their considerable impact on human health. Among medicinal plants, mint (Mentha species) exhibits multiple health beneficial properties, such as prevention from cancer development and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective effects, as a result of its antioxidant potential, combined with low toxicity and high efficacy. Mentha species are widely used in savory dishes, food, beverages, and confectionary products. Phytochemicals derived from mint also showed anticancer activity against different types of human cancers such as cervix, lung, breast and many others. Mint essential oils show a great cytotoxicity potential, by modulating MAPK and PI3k/Akt pathways; they also induce apoptosis, suppress invasion and migration potential of cancer cells lines along with cell cycle arrest, upregulation of Bax and p53 genes, modulation of TNF, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-8, and induction of senescence phenotype. Essential oils from mint have also been found to exert antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and many others. The current review highlights the antimicrobial role of mint-derived compounds and essential oils with a special emphasis on anticancer activities, clinical data and adverse effects displayed by such versatile plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 4741695447, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (M.I.); (T.T.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (M.I.); (T.T.)
| | | | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Somesh Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Atanassov
- Saint Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda BP 39, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé, NgoaEkelle, Annex Fac. Sci., Yaounde 812, Cameroon
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy LAB (PhT-LAB), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Amat-ur-Rasool H, Ahmed M, Hasnain S, Carter WG. Anti-Cholinesterase Combination Drug Therapy as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020184. [PMID: 33540879 PMCID: PMC7913148 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a burgeoning social and healthcare problem. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are employed for symptomatic treatment of AD, but often elicit adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Herein, the potency of the ChEIs, donepezil, tacrine, berberine, and galantamine to inhibit human or Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (tcAChE) proteins were evaluated. The efficacy of dual-drug combinations to inhibit human AChE directly and within differentiated neurons was also quantified. ChEI potency was in the order: donepezil > tacrine > berberine > galantamine for both AChEs. Dual-drug combinations of berberine and tacrine (BerTac), berberine and galantamine (BerGal), and tacrine and donepezil (TacDon) all produced synergistic outcomes for AChE inhibition. Donepezil and berberine (DonBer) and tacrine and galantamine (TacGal) elicited antagonistic responses. Donepezil and galantamine (DonGal) was synergistic for human AChE but antagonistic for tcAChE. After application of dual-drug combinations to neuronal cells, BerTac, BerGal, DonGal, and DonBer all showed synergistic inhibition of AChE, TacDon additive, and TacGal antagonistic effects. BerGal produced the most potent synergism and reduced total drug dose by 72%. Individual ChEIs or dual-drug combinations were relatively non-toxic to neuronal cells, and only reduced cell viability at concentrations two–three orders of magnitude greater than that required to inhibit AChE. In summary, dual-drug combinations of ChEIs potentially represent a novel means of AD patient treatment, with reduced and more cost-effective drug dosing, and lowered likelihood of ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool
- Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1332-724738
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